转移相关基因1在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征和预后的相关性

目的:探讨转移相关基因1（metastasis associated gene 1,MTA1）在结直肠癌组织中的表达情况及其与结直肠癌临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法: 选取2008年至2013年期间在我院经病理科确诊的结直肠癌患者101例,采用免疫组织化学法和实时定量PCR（RT-PCR）方法检测MTA1蛋白和mRNA在结直肠癌和癌旁组织中的表达水平,并回顾性分析其临床病理特征和预后情况。 结果:在101例结肠癌组织中MTA1蛋白的阳性表达率显著高于其相应癌旁组织(P<0.01);MTA1蛋白表达与肿瘤分化程度、淋巴结转移、血管-淋巴管浸润、神经浸润呈正相关,与患者预后呈负相关（P<0.05）,而与患者年龄、性别无关。在19例结直肠癌组织中MTA1 mRNA的表达水平高于其癌旁组织（P<0.05)。结论:MTA1在结直肠癌组织中呈相对高表达,其表达量的高低可影响患者预后,在结直肠癌的侵袭转移中可能起一定的作用。     

结直肠癌中 RhoGDI2的表达与肿瘤侵袭、转移及预后的关系

目的：探讨 RhoGDI2在结直肠癌中的表达与肿瘤侵袭、转移及预后的关系。方法：应用 Northern blot和 Western blot 检测具有不同侵袭、转移潜能的人结直肠癌细胞系（SW620、SW480）中 RhoGDI2 mRNA 及蛋白的表达。收集行手术切除并随访满5年的结直肠癌患者原发灶癌组织石蜡标本80例及相应的癌旁非癌组织、转移性淋巴结癌组织石蜡标本各20例。应用免疫组化法检测上述120例标本中 RhoGDI2蛋白的表达,分析其与临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果：SW620、SW480人结直肠癌细胞系中 RhoGDI2 mRNA 及蛋白的表达具有统计学差异（P <0.01）,前者表达均高于后者。结直肠癌相关组织中 RhoGDI2蛋白存在差异性表达（转移淋巴结癌组织>原发灶癌组织>癌旁非癌组织,P <0.01）。RhoGDI2蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达与肿瘤的浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移、周围淋巴管浸润、周围神经浸润、TNM 分期显著相关（P <0.05）。RhoGDI2高表达的结直肠癌患者5年生存率显著低于低表达者（P <0.01）。高 RhoGDI2表达是结直肠癌的独立预后因素之一（P <0.05）。结论：RhoGDI2在结直肠癌中的高表达与肿瘤的侵袭、转移及预后不良密切相关,可能是一个有效的结直肠癌预后标志物。     

SLC1 A5在结直肠癌中的表达及与其转移的关系

目的：分析溶质载体家族1成员5（SLC1A5）蛋白在原发性结直肠癌组织和癌旁正常黏膜组织中的表达情况及其与结直肠癌临床病理参数的关系。方法应用组织芯片和免疫组化的方法,检测80例原发性结直肠癌组织和35例癌旁正常组织中SLC1A5的表达,分析SLC1A5表达与结直肠癌临床病理参数的相关性。结果 SLC1A5在80例结直肠癌患者癌组织标本中的阳性表达率（88．75％）高于35例癌旁正常组织中阳性表达率（42．86％）（ P＜0．05）。SLC1A5高表达与结直肠癌患者是否存在远处转移有关（P＜0．05）。但癌组织中SLC1A5的表达水平与患者性别、年龄、T分期、N分期和分化程度无明显相关性（P＞0．05）。结论 SLC1A5可能是一个促进肿瘤远处转移的因子。     

结直肠癌组织中KIAA1522的表达 及临床意义

目的：检测KIAA1522蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达变化并评价其临床意义。方法：应用组织芯片-免疫组织化学染色技术,检测96例结直肠癌组织及其配对癌旁正常组织中KIAA1522蛋白的表达情况,并对其阳性表达率与结直肠癌临床病理指标及患者预后的关系进行统计学分析。结果：KIAA1522蛋白在癌旁正常结直肠上皮细胞中主要定位于细胞浆,阳性表达率为12.5%（12/96）,而在结直肠癌组织中KIAA1522蛋白阳性表达率为81.3%（78/96）,两者间差异显著（P < 0.05）。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,KIAA1522蛋白阳性表达与结直肠癌患者术后3年无瘤生存期短显著正相关（P=0.017,Log-rank检验）。多因素Cox回归分析结果表明,KIAA1522蛋白阳性表达是结直肠癌患者预后不良的独立预测因素（P=0.020）。卡方检验的分析结果显示,KIAA1522蛋白阳性表达与肿瘤的远处转移正相关（P=0.012,Fisher精确检验）。结论：KIAA1522在结直肠癌组织中的阳性表达与肿瘤的远处转移及患者术后生存期短显著相关,可能作为预测结直肠癌患者预后及转移的潜在分子标志。     

FoxM1在结直肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨 FoxM1（fork head box M1）在结直肠癌（CRC）中的表达情况及其临床意义。方法：采用PCR（qRT －PCR）及免疫组化检测80例结直肠癌及对应癌旁组织中 FoxM1的水平,分析 FoxM1表达与临床病理参数及预后的关系。结果：结直肠癌组织中 FoxM1的相对表达量为1．326±0．018,高于癌旁结直肠组织的 FoxM1水平0．612±0．036（P ＜0．05）。免疫组化示结直肠癌组织中 FoxM1表达水平（70．0％,56／80）明显高于癌旁结直肠组织（12．5％,10／80）（P ＜0．05）,且其表达水平与肿瘤病理分期、Dukes 分级、淋巴结转移、肝脏转移均有关（P ＜0．05）。FoxM1表达阴性者的无瘤生存率明显高于表达阳性者,差异有统计学意义（P ＝0．002）。结论：FoxM1在结直肠癌组织的表达对预测 CRC 患者无瘤生存期及总生存期有重要意义。     

Cortactin蛋白在结直肠癌中的表达变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨Cortactin（CTTN）蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达变化及其临床意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学法检测100例结直肠癌组织和癌旁正常组织中CTTN蛋白的表达情况,分析CTTN蛋白的表达变化与结直肠癌患者临床病理指标及预后的关系。结果：CTTN蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的阳性表达率为58%,显著高于癌旁正常组织的6%（P＜0.01）。CTTN蛋白（P＜0.05）阳性表达率在不同的T分期（浸润深度）间的差异有统计学意义,而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤原发部位、肿瘤大小和淋巴结转移均无显著相关（P＞0.05）。生存分析的结果显示,CTTN阳性患者的预后差于CTTN阴性患者（P=0.014）。结论：CTTN蛋白在结直肠癌中表达增加,并与结直肠肿瘤的浸润深度有关,可能作为结直肠癌预后判断的指标。     

结直肠癌组织中LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26的表达及#br# 对肿瘤侵袭、转移的影响#br#

目的探究结直肠癌组织中层粘连蛋白β1（LAMβ1）、肌动蛋白相关蛋白2/3复合体4（ARPC4）及间隙连接蛋白26（Cx26）的表达及与肿瘤侵袭、转移的关系。方法选取2018年6月至2019年12月如皋市人民医院病理科收集的100例结直肠癌手术切除的肿瘤组织及相应的癌旁正常组织,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26的mRNA表达;Western blot检测肿瘤组织及癌旁正常组织LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26蛋白表达,免疫组织化学法检测LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26蛋白在结直肠癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达阳性率,并分析LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26蛋白表达与患者临床病理特征的关系。结果RT PCR结果显示,结直肠癌组织中LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx2的mRNA表达相较于癌旁组织上调。Western blot检测结果显示,结直肠癌组织中LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26蛋白表达高于癌旁组织（P<005）。免疫组化结果显示,LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26着色主要分布于肿瘤细胞的细胞膜和细胞质中。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤大小结直肠癌患者LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26表达比较,差异无统计学意义（P>005）;不同分化程度、临床分期、浸润深度、淋巴结转移、远处转移结直肠癌患者LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx2表达比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<005）。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,结直肠癌肿瘤组织中LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26的mRNA表达量存在正相关性（P<005）,其蛋白表达之间同样存在正相关性（P<005）。结论LAMβ1、ARPC4、Cx26表达升高与结直肠癌的侵袭、转移有关。     

S100A4蛋白与MMP-2在结直肠癌组织中的表达及意义

目的 探讨S100A4蛋白和基质金属蛋白酶-2在结直肠癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用S-P免疫组织化学染色技术,检测68例结直肠癌组织和20例正常结直肠组织中S100A4蛋白和MMP-2的表达情况.结果 S100A4蛋白和MMP-2在结直肠癌组织中表达明显高于正常组织(P＜0.05);S100A4蛋白表达在结直肠癌不同Dukes分期、淋巴结转移、生存期中差异明显(P＜0.05),分期越晚、发生淋巴结转移、生存期短者表达越高;MMP-2表达在结直肠癌不同分化程度、Dukes分期、淋巴结转移、生存期中差异明显(P＜0.05),分化越低、分期越晚、发生淋巴结转移、生存期短者表达越高;2种蛋白在结直肠癌组织中的表达呈正相关(P＜0.01).结论 S100A4蛋白可能介导了MMP-2的表达,与结直肠癌的侵袭和转移密切相关,联合检测S100A4蛋白和MMP-2表达有助于判定结直肠癌临床病理特征及预后.     

S100A4蛋白在47例人肺腺癌中的表达及意义

[目的]研究钙离子结合蛋白A4（S100A4）在肺腺癌组织、癌旁肺组织和正常肺组织中的表达及其临床意义。[方法]应用免疫组化SP法检测47例肺腺癌及相应癌旁肺组织标本（距肿瘤3cm．5cm）、15例正常肺组织标本中S100A4蛋白表达。[结果]在正常肺组织中S100A4蛋白无表达；在癌旁肺组织中S100A4蛋白表达率为12．8％（6/47）：在肺腺癌组织中的表达率为59．6％（28/47）．与正常及癌旁肺组织比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）：S100A4蛋白在肺腺癌中的表达与淋巴结转移及癌细胞分化程度均有相关性（P〈0．05）。[结论]S100A4蛋白的表达与肺腺癌的发生和淋巴结转移正相关，与肺腺癌分化程度负相关。     

黏着斑激酶的表达与结直肠癌侵袭和转移的相关性

目的 探讨黏着斑激酶(FAK)表达与结直肠癌发生及其生物学行为的关系。方法 应用免疫组织化学S—P方法，检测67例结直肠癌和配对的正常黏膜以及37例结直肠区域淋巴结转移癌组织中FAK的表达。结果 正常结直肠黏膜、结直肠癌及淋巴结转移癌组织中FAK阳性率分别为71．6％(48／67)、89．6％(60／67)和97．3％(36／37)(P=0．001)；FAK强阳性率分别为6．0％(4／67)、77．6％(52／67)和83．8％(31／37)(P=0．000)。结直肠癌中区域淋巴结有转移及区域淋巴结无转移者FAK阳性率分别为100．0％(37／37)和76．7％(23／30)(P=0．007)；FAK强阳性率分别为89．2％(33／37)和63．3％(19／30)(P=0．012)。FAK表达水平与结直肠癌浸润深度呈正相关(P=0．009)；而与结直肠癌的分化程度无关(P=0．438)。结论 FAK表达水平增高可加速结直肠恶性细胞的增殖、浸润和转移。故检测结直肠活检黏膜及癌组织中FAK表达水平，有助于进一步了解结直肠黏膜癌变倾向及结直肠癌生物学行为，有利于预后判断。     

Tobacco, alcohol, diet, occupation, and carcinoma of the esophagus

Information on occupation, smoking, food and beverage consumption, and medical history were compared between 275 incident cases of carcinoma of the esophagus and 275 neighborhood controls who were matched to the cases on age (within 5 years), race, and sex. Tobacco use, mainly cigarette smoking, was a significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus. Ex-smokers of cigarettes showed a reduced risk relative to those who continued to smoke, and current smokers of two or more packs per day displayed a higher risk than those who smoked less. Alcohol consumption was another significant risk factor for carcinoma of the esophagus; there was a highly significant trend with average daily dose of ethanol. Relative to controls, cases also consumed significantly more fried bacon or ham, less fresh fruits and raw vegetables, and were more likely to prefer white than whole grain bread. Finally, there was a significant association between carcinoma of the esophagus and long-term occupational exposure to metal dust; this association was largely confined to the lower one-third section of the esophagus.     

Age,Race, Sex,Stage, and Incidence of Cutaneous Lymphoma

BackgroundThe incidence of the T- and B-cell CLs has been well documented, but information pertaining to racial incidence by age, and by burden of disease (stage) have not been extensively documented.Materials and MethodsThe SEER 2004-2008 public use database was investigated. The relative incidence of CL in different races and age groups was examined. Univariate and multivariate stepwise logistic regression was performed for the likelihood of presenting at a higher stage.ResultsOf 4496 patients diagnosed with CL between 2004 and 2008; 1713 patients were diagnosed with MF, 1518 with non-MF cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and 1265 patients with cutaneous B-cell lymphoma. For MF, there was a trend for females to be less likely to present with a higher T-stage (T3-T4) than males (odds ratio [OR], 0.73) on multivariate analysis (P = .06). For race, AA had a significantly increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage (T3-T4) MF (OR, 1.72) on multivariate analysis (P = .02), compared with white patients. For white, AA, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American/other/unknown, the mean age at diagnosis was 59.2, 51.5, 51.3, and 53.8. These groups presented at a significantly different age than white (P = .0001, 0.0001, and 0.0006).ConclusionNonwhite racial groups present with MF at an earlier age compared with white, and AA have increased risk of presenting with higher T-stage compared with white. These findings have significant implications regarding need for earlier diagnosis and understanding the reasons for racial disparity in age and stage of presentation.     

Fat, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and risk of colorectal adenomas

A case-control study was conducted at the National Naval Medical Center (Maryland, USA) from 1994 to 1996 to investigate the possible association between dietary factors and colorectal adenomas. Cases (n = 239) were subjects diagnosed with adenomas (146 new and 93 recurrent) by sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Those with no evidence of adenomas found by sigmoidoscopy were recruited as controls (n = 228). Dietary variables, assessed by a 100-item food frequency questionnaire, were analyzed by the logistic regression model, which was adjusted for age, gender and total energy intake. Variables of fat intake were further adjusted for red meat intake. An increased risk of 7% [odds ratio (OR): 1.07; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.94-1.22] per 5% energy/day from total fat was observed. Every additional 5% unit of oleic acid intake/day significantly increased the adenoma risk by 115% (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.05-4.39). Red meat fat increased the risk by 20% (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.71-2.04), and white meat fat decreased the risk by 67% (OR: 0.33; 95% CI: 0.19-0.95) for every additional 5% unit of respective intake/day. Risk decreased by 41% (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.41-0.86) for every additional 5% unit of fiber intake/day. Vegetable [OR per 100 g of vegetable intake/day: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.67-1.04] and fruit (OR per 100 g of fruit intake/day: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03) intake showed an inverse association, and the results are suggestive of an association with the risk for adenomas. In conclusion, a strong positive association between oleic acid intake and colorectal adenoma risk was observed. This is likely to be an indicator of "unhealthy" food (meat, dairy, margarine, mayonnaise, sweet baked food) consumption in this population. Increased intake of dietary fiber was associated with a moderately decreased risk of adenomas.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to Tetracycline,Doxycycline, Erythromycin,Roxithromycin, Clarithromycin,Azithromycin, Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

Abstract

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The miC50 and miC90 of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: Tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC₉₀). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. Urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Occurrence,Efficacy, Metabolism,and Toxicity of Triclosan

Triclosan has broad-spectrum anti-microbial activity against most gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is widely used in personal care products, household items, medical devices, and clinical settings. Due to its extensive use, there is potential for humans in all age groups to receive life-time exposures to triclosan, and, indeed, triclosan has been detected in human tissues and the environment. Data gaps exist regarding the chronic dermal toxicity and carcinogenicity of triclosan, which is needed for the risk assessment of triclosan. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nominated triclosan to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicological evaluations. Currently, the NTP is conducting several dermal toxicological studies to determine the carcinogenic potential of triclosan, evaluate its endocrine and developmental-reproductive effects, and investigate the potential UV-induced dermal formation of chlorinated phenols and dioxins of triclosan. This paper reviews data on the human exposure, environmental fate, efficacy of anti-microbial activity, absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination, endocrine disrupting effects, and toxicity of triclosan.     

Susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum to tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin

The in vitro activity of tetracycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin was tested against 63 clinical isolates of Ureaplasma urealyticum. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined by the broth microdilution method in A7 medium. The MIC(50) and MIC(90) of the tested agents after 24 h of incubation were as follows: tetracycline, 0.5 and 2.0 μg/ml; doxycycline, 0.125 and 0.25 μg/ml; erythromycin, 2.0 and 8.0 μg/ml; roxithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; clarithromycin, 0.25 and 1.0 μg/ml; azithromycin, 2.0 and 4.0 μg/ml; levofloxacin, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml; and moxifloxacin, 0.5 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The MIC values after 24 h and 48 h incubation differed by no more than one dilution for all the agents with the exception of doxycycline (two dilution difference for MIC(90)). Overall, moxifloxacin was the most active agent in vitro against U. urealyticum, with the narrowest difference between MIC and MBC values, followed closely by levofloxacin. Clarithromycin was the most active macrolide.     

Histologic features of bladder cancer in Boston,USA, Manchester,UK, and Nagoya,Japan

Histologic characteristics of bladder cancer in Boston, USA, Manchester, UK, and Nagoya, Japan, were evaluated. In each of these areas broadly-based series of cases were assembled during a collaborative case-control study. The present analysis was based on 589 cases in Boston, 484 cases in Manchester, and 241 cases in Nagoya. A single pathologist reviewed a slide of the primary tumor without reference to identifying information or other data. The primary histologic type of nearly all tumors was transitional-cell, and there was little variation in the proportion of transitional-cell tumors among the study areas. Nor was there much variation in the distribution of histologic grade, the proportion of tumors showing submucosal invasion, or the proportion of tumors with a papillary surface. Age at diagnosis was strongly correlated with histologic grade. The proportion of grade III (most malignant) tumors was about twice as high among patients 80 years of age and over as among those aged less than 50. An apparent association between age and submucosal invasion was explained in large part by the relationships of histologic grade to submucosal invasion and to age. Other histologic features had only weak and inconsistent relations with age. None of the features evaluated showed consistent associations with history of cigarettesmoking or with sex.