胸、腹主动脉病变的血管内治疗

目的探讨胸、腹主动脉病变不同血管内治疗方法的临床疗效。方法7例患者,其中DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层5例(4例行一体式支架腔内隔绝术,1例行内膜瓣开窗术);DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层外院外科人造血管置换术后降主动脉假性动脉瘤形成1例(行一体式支架腔内隔绝术);肾动脉开口以下腹主动脉瘤1例(行分体式支架腔内隔绝术)。结果5例一体式支架腔内隔绝术均获成功,2例出现Ⅰ型内漏,1例经球囊扩张后内漏消失,1例30 min后内漏减少,未处理;1例内膜瓣开窗术后患者双下肢缺血症状消失;1例分体式支架腔内隔绝术后造影提示动脉瘤消失,无内漏发生。结论应用血管内支架移植物或内膜瓣开窗术治疗胸、腹主动脉病变安全有效,其中分体式支架的临床应用具有更好的前景。     

主动脉夹层或瘤的腔内隔绝术临床评价(附23例报道)

目的:评价应用腔内血管支架治疗腹主动脉瘤的优点。方法:对24例患者行DSA和带膜血管腔内支架植入隔绝手术治疗,其中Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤19例,真性腹主动脉瘤4例,假性腹主动脉瘤1例。所有病例均采用TALENTTM带膜支架移植物系统。术后对所有患者行螺旋CT随访。结果:除1例因胸主动脉夹层破口位于左锁骨下动脉开口处,无法放置腔内血管支架而行开胸手术外,余23例均顺利放入,术后患者症状完全消失,全部患者在随访期间均未出现术前症状,未见相关并发症。结论:应用带膜支架治疗胸主动脉Stanford B型夹层、真性和假性腹主动脉瘤,其效果较单纯开放式手术效果好且不良反应小,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

应用国产覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的:评价应用国产覆膜支架治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全性及临床疗效.方法:自2005 - 05～2009 - 12对38例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤实施了腔内隔绝术.其中男29例,女9例;年龄(54±12)岁.经CT增强扫描或磁共振成像(MRJ)确诊.切开左或右股动脉置入覆膜支架,封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,随访行CT或MRI检查.结果:支架置入全部成功,术后即刻造影36例无内漏,2例见少量内漏.降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔均明显扩大,远端降主动脉及分支供血均有不同程度改善.住院期间及随访1年内无患者死亡,发生主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征3例.结论:应用国产覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种操作简便、安全、成功率高、并发症少,疗效可靠的介入方法.     

内支架置入术治疗胸腹主动脉瘤的临床评价

目的：探讨胸腹主动脉瘤的ESG治疗临床疗效。方法：对10例患者分别行CTA、MRA、DSA检查和ESG治疗，其中Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤6例，真性腹主动脉瘤2例，肾动脉开口以下腹主动脉瘤2例（行分体式支架），所有病例均采用带膜支架。结果：8例行一体式支架腔内隔绝术，2例行分体式支架腔内隔绝术，均获成功。顺利植入，术后造影提示动脉瘤消失．无内漏发生。患者症状完全消失，全部患者在随访期间均未出现术前症状，未见相关并发症。结论：应用ESG治疗胸腹主动脉瘤安全、有效、创伤小、术后恢复快，长期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉病变的价值

目的:评价覆膜支架腔内修复术治疗主动脉病变的应用价值及临床意义。方法:21例主动脉疾病患者,包括:Stanford B型夹层13例(65%),真性动脉瘤3例(15%),假性动脉瘤2例(10%),弓降部穿透性溃疡1例(5%),胸主动脉瘤合并局限性夹层1例(5%),胸主动脉瘤合并Stanford B型夹层1例(5%),全部接受TSGP。共应用3种类型大动脉覆膜支架,分别为:美国锐乐(10例)、国产先健(10例)及COOK公司血管支架(1例)。结果:17例分别置入1个支架,2例分别置入2个支架,2例分别置入主体支架1个、短支架2个,所有支架释放成功率100%。患者无截瘫及瘤体破裂等严重并发症,无围手术期死亡。支架释放后即刻造影复查,19例无明显渗漏和假腔显影(90%);2例少许内漏,其中1例术后7 d CTA复查内漏消失,1例为Ⅱ型内漏,建议随访观察;1例术后8月随访,支架近端新发内漏并逐次增多。结论:TSGP治疗主动脉夹层、真性及假性动脉瘤、穿透性溃疡成功率高、创伤小,近中期效果良好,但远期随访及效果评价有待进一步观察。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的：探讨血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法：对10例降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析,其中2例为DeBakeyШa型,8例为DeBakeyШb型。1例夹层动脉瘤仅累及腹主动脉,合并真性动脉瘤。影像学资料显示全组有3例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。结果：1例腹主动脉混合型动脉瘤按腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术进行,2例将人工带膜支架封闭左锁骨下动脉口,另7例均顺利进行主动脉腔内隔绝术。随访2~16个月,全部病例均存活。结论：血管腔内置入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全、有效的方法。     

逆行性A型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝治疗效果观察

目的 观察逆行性A型主动脉夹层的腔内隔绝治疗效果，探讨逆行性A型主动脉夹层腔内隔绝治疗的策略。方法 选取湖南中医药大学第一附属医院2016年10月至2020年11月近端内膜破口位于降主动脉的逆行性A型主动脉夹层患者19例，行主动脉覆膜支架植入术，并于术后1周、3个月、半年、1年随访观察治疗效果。结果 全组随访无一例患者死亡，2例患者支架近端主动脉弓部出现局限性溃疡，2例出现升主动脉夹层，1例支架远端出现夹层，其余14例患者均恢复良好，无相关并发症。结论 近端内膜破口位于降主动脉的逆行性A型主动脉夹层患者，经保守治疗后择期行腔内隔绝手术的治疗策略近中期效果理想。     

腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层(附25例临床分析)

目的 探讨腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层的方法和疗效。方法 对25例(年龄42～72岁；男23例，女2例)胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术，并进行临床分析和随访，评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果 在全麻下25例均成功进行了胸主动脉夹层的血管腔内隔绝术，其中1例为Standford A型，共使用Talent带膜血管支架28个，术中造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏显著减少，无术中严重并发症及死亡发生，25例随访2～20个月，临床效果良好，假腔内血栓形成。结论 应用带膜血管内支架行腔内隔绝术是治疗胸主动脉夹层安全有效的方法，尤其在亚急性期或慢性期应作为首选的治疗方法。     

血管覆膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的:介绍覆膜支架血管内置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤(TADA)的初步经验。方法:本组4例Debakey B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤,经CT或MR增强检查确诊。经股动脉置入覆膜支架,封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,术后随访采用彩超或增强CT检查。结果:4例患者共成功置入7个支架,1例术后支架远端出现内漏,6个月后内漏自行封闭;1例并发的腹主动脉瘤随访2个月无变化;随访2~18个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。结论:覆膜支架血管内置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近期疗效满意。     

主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后系统性炎症反应综合征

为探讨主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后全身炎症反应发病机制及防治措施，对经历了成功的主动脉腔内隔绝术（移植物为Z型记忆合金支架与涤纶人工血管复合体）的38例腹主动脉瘤、29例胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者进行了回顾性研究。所有患者术后都进行体温（T）、外周血白细胞（WBC）及血小板监测，体温超过38．5℃者进行了常见的术后感染源等检测。结果发现，所有患者术后均发生不同程度的发热、WBC增高及血小板减少，1－2周后基本恢复正常，全身未检测到任何感染源；术后1－6月均无移植物感染或出血、血栓栓塞等表现。短期随访结果表明，主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后发热、WBC增多以及血小板减少为一类系统性炎症反应综合征。     

覆膜支架治疗降胸主动脉瘤

目的评估覆膜支架治疗术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤的安全性和近期疗效。方法2003年3月至2005年9月期间,共29例Stanford B型主动脉夹层和2例降胸主动脉瘤患者接受覆膜支架治疗术,所有患者均有高血压病史,其中急性发病27例.本组采用两种支架(Mdtronic Talent15例,上海微创Aegis 16例),术后采用CTA进行定期随访。结果所有支架均成功按预期定位释放,术后即刻DSA复查显示23例夹层患者近端破裂口完全封闭,2例降主动脉瘤也完全隔离,6例发现有内漏;术后7 d CTA复查发现16例假腔内完全血栓形成,12例近端假腔形成血栓,远端假腔仍开放。结论覆膜支架术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层和降主动脉瘤安全、有效,可替代外科手术。但覆膜支架术的确切长期疗效尚待进一步的大样本、前瞻性对照研究才能确定。     

Elective endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysms and chronic dissections with stent-grafts

PURPOSE: To report our experience of endovascular stent-graft placement in patients with descending thoracic aortic dissections and aneurysms and to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of the treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stent-grafts were placed in the descending thoracic aortas of 23 patients with saccular aneurysms (n = 11) and Stanford type B chronic aortic dissections of the descending thoracic and abdominal aorta (n = 12). All stent-grafts were individually constructed of self-expandable stainless steel stents covered with polytetrafluoroethylene. Vascular access was achieved through the femoral artery in all patients. Clinical status of each patient was monitored and postoperative CT was performed within 1 month of the procedure and at 3-12-month intervals after the procedures. RESULTS: Successful exclusion of the primary entry tears of dissections and the inlets of saccular aneurysms was achieved in all but two patients with aortic dissection. The overall technical success rate was 91.3% (dissection: 10 of 12 = 83%; aneurysm: 11 of 11 = 100%). All patients in whom technical success was achieved showed complete thrombosis and significant decrease in diameter of the thoracic false lumen (preoperative: 5.3 cm +/- 0.9; postoperative: 4.3 cm +/- 0.9; P = .004) or aneurysm sac (preoperative: 5.3 cm +/- 1.7; postoperative: 2.8 cm +/- 2.5; P = .001). In addition, five patients demonstrated complete resolution of the dissected thoracic false lumen (n = 2) and aneurysm sac (n = 3). However, in all patients with aortic dissection, the abdominal aorta was not significantly changed in size (P = .302) and shape and their false lumen flows remained persistent. Immediate postoperative complications were detected in 12 patients (52%); 10 had fever, leukocytosis, and elevation of C-reactive protein, another had wound infection, and another had transient abdominal pain. Three patients died 2, 3, and 12 months after the procedure: one from septic shock, another from underlying mediastinitis, and the other from an unexplained cause. The remaining 20 patients were well after the procedure (1-9 days; mean, 3 days), without any stent-graft-related complications or discomfort (follow up period: 10-65 mo; mean: 25.1 mo +/- 15.6). The cumulative survival rate after the stent graft was 100% at 30 days and 91% at 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: For treatment of aortic dissection and saccular aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta, endovascular stent-graft repair may be a technically feasible and effective treatment modality.     

特殊类型主动脉夹层的电子束CT表现及诊断

目的探讨表现特殊的主动脉夹层的电子束CT(EBCT)影像特征及诊断.材料和方法20例表现特殊的主动脉夹层,其中不典型夹层13例,三腔以上夹层动脉瘤3例,合并升主动脉壁内血肿的Stanford B型夹层2例,动脉瘤样夹层1例,外伤性主动脉夹层1例.结果主动脉不典型夹层为主动脉壁新月形或环形的低密度血肿包绕,常可见穿透性溃疡或钙化内移等征象;三腔以上夹层动脉瘤有2～3个内膜片,3～4个腔,瘤体管径较大;合并升主动脉壁内血肿的B型夹层见升主动脉管壁低密度新月形或环形增厚,降主动脉则见内膜片及真假两腔形成;动脉瘤样主动脉夹层见降主动脉局限性瘤样扩张,破口大,内膜片不易发现.1例外伤性夹层于主动脉弓峡部及降部起始见破裂内膜片.结论特殊类型的主动脉夹层表现各具特征,EBCT可清晰显示,是极适用于胸部急症的快速、无创的检查方法.     

Treatment of Acute Aortic Type B Dissection with Stent-Grafts

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of endoluminal stent-grafts in the treatment of acute type B aortic dissections. Methods: In five patients with acute aortic type B dissections, sealing of the primary intimal tear with an endoluminal stent-graft was attempted. Indication for treatment was aneurysm formation in two patients and persistent pain in three patients. One of the latter also had an unstable dissection flap compromising the ostium of the superior mesenteric artery. The distance from the intimal tear to the left subclavian artery was <0.5 cm in four patients, who had typical type B dissections. In one patient with an atypical dissection the distance from the primary tear to the left subclavian artery was 4 cm. This patient had no re-entry tear. Talent tube grafts (World Medical Manufacturing Cooperation, Sunrise, FL, USA) were used in all patients. Results: Stent-graft insertion with sealing of the primary tear was successful in all patients. The proximal covered portion of the stent-graft was placed across the left subclavian artery in four patients (1× transposition of the left subclavian artery). Left arm perfusion was preserved via a subclavian steal phenomenon in the patients in whom the stent-graft covered the orifice of the left subclavian artery. The only procedural complication we observed was an asymptomatic segmental renal infarction in one patient. In the thoracic aorta thrombosis of the false aortic lumen occurred in all patients. In one patient the false lumen of the abdominal aorta thrombosed after 4 weeks; in the other three patients the status of the abdominal aorta remained unchanged compared with the situation prior to stent-graft insertion. As a late complication formation of a secondary aneurysm of the thoracic aorta was observed at the distal end of the stent-graft 3 months after the primary intervention. This aneurysm was treated by coaxial insertion of an additional stent-graft without complications. Conclusion: Endoluminal treatment of acute type B aortic dissections seems to be an attractive alternative treatment to surgical repair. Thrombosis of the false lumen of the thoracic aorta can be induced if the primary tear is sealed with a stent-graft. This could protect the dissected thoracic aorta from delayed rupture.     

Endovascular treatment of thoracic aortic aneurysms: a review

Open surgical repair is considered the traditional treatment for patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA). In view of the persistent perioperative mobidity and mortality, endovascular stent-graft placement as a minimally invasive and potentially safer treatment for aneurysm of the descending aorta was introduced in 1992. Since then, progress has been made and several institutions have substantiated the safety and effectiveness of stent grafts in the repair of descending TAAs or type-B aortic dissections. Currently, both custom-designed, home-made, and commercially available stent grafts are used. Prior to placement of the endoprosthesis, three major prerequisites must be considered: the localization and morphology of the aneurysm; the distal vascular access of sufficient size; and a limited tortuosity of the abdominal and thoracic aorta. Although short-term results are encouraging, severe complications, including paraplegia, cerebral strokes, and aortic rupture, have been encountered. The long-term durability of currently available stent-graft systems is nonexistent and material fatigue are of major concern to both surgeons and radiologists. Nevertheless, endovascular stent-graft placement could become the procedure of choice in a substantial number of patients with descending TAA.     

Aortic and arterial aneurysms in behçet disease: management with stent-grafts--initial experience

PURPOSE: To assess the application of stent-grafts in the management of aortic and arterial aneurysms in patients with Beh?et disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine aneurysms in seven patients were managed with various types of stent-grafts. Diagnoses were based on clinical findings. The aortic aneurysms (n = 3) were thoracic (n = 1), suprarenal (n = 1), or infrarenal (n = 1). The arterial aneurysms (n = 6) were in the right and left subclavian (n = 2), right common carotid (n = 2), right brachiocephalic (n = 1), or left common iliac arteries (n = 1). A tandem connection of Gianturco stent covered with polytetrafluorethylene was placed in three aneurysms, and a balloon-expandable stent was placed in six. RESULTS: The stent-graft was successfully placed in all patients. Immediate follow-up angiography revealed complete exclusion of the aneurysm in all cases. Follow-up computed tomography performed 3 days to 2 weeks later revealed complete exclusion and thrombosis of the aneurysm and patency of the stent-graft in six patients. In one patient, total occlusion of the artery with a stent occurred due to flow disturbance caused by double lesions. During follow-up (range, 6-59 months; mean, 28 months), the aneurysm resolved and completely regressed in four patients. A recurrent aneurysm at the distal margin of previously inserted stent-graft was successfully managed with an additional stent-graft. CONCLUSION: The findings in this initial experience suggest that stent-graft insertion may be a safe and effective alternative to surgical treatment of aortic and arterial aneurysms in patients with Beh?et disease.     

Endovascular Stent-Graft Repair as a Late Secondary Procedure After Previous Aortic Grafts

Thoracic and abdominal aortic endovascular procedures as alternatives to aortic reoperations were studied in three different cases. An anastomotic aneurysm after previous thoracic aortic graft for coarctation, a second-stage elephant trunk repair (descending thoracic aortic aneurysm), and a secondary aneurysm proximal to a previous abdominal aortic graft were successfully treated with endovascular stent-grafts. During the follow-up period no lethal events or major aortic or graft-related complications were observed, except a type II endoleak in the anastomotic aortic aneurysm case. An endovascular stent-graft can be safely deployed into a previously implanted vascular graft, avoiding repeat surgery.     

Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm: thoracic CT findings after endovascular stent-graft placement.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of thoracic computed tomography (CT) after placement of an endovascular stent-graft for the treatment of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1992 to 1996, 85 patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm underwent stent-graft placement. In 63 patients, thoracic CT scans were obtained both before and within 10 days after placement. The CT findings were retrospectively studied, and their clinical effect analyzed. In 20 of 63 patients, long-term follow-up CT findings were also evaluated. RESULTS: After stent-graft placement in the 63 patients, CT demonstrated an increase in pleural effusion in 46 (73%), periaortic changes in 21 (33%), perigraft leak in 13 (21%), atelectasis in six (10%), mural thrombus within the stent-graft in two (3%), and new aortic dissection in one (2%). The mean maximum diameter of the aneurysm was 58.8 mm before and 60.0 mm after stent-graft insertion. Sixty-two (98%) patients were successfully treated until discharge. Interventional procedures were performed to eliminate the leakage into the aneurysm sac in 10 patients with perigraft flow depicted at CT. Other complications were managed conservatively. CONCLUSION: Thoracic CT is useful in the treatment of patients after stent-graft insertion for the management of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm.     

Endovascular management of chronic type B dissecting aortic aneurysm utilizing aortic and renal stents

Over the last 10 years endovascular stent-graft placement has been increasingly used to treat complicated acute Type B thoracic aortic dissections. While studies have demonstrated the use of additional aortic stent-grafts to treat continued false lumen perfusion and case reports have detailed the use of renal artery stents to treat renal ischemia related to aortic dissection, to our knowledge the adjuvant use of renal artery stents to reduce false lumen perfusion has not been reported. We present the case of a 72-year-old male who had previously undergone endovascular repair of a complicated Type B thoracic aortic dissection and presented with an expanding false lumen in the peridiaphragmatic aorta despite coverage of the entire thoracic aorta. This was treated by closure of a right renal fenestration using a renal stent.     

Salvage of endoluminal exclusion of an anastomotic arch aneurysm with a "kissing" carotid stent

Traditional open repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms remains a high-risk surgical procedure. Thoracic aneurysm stent-graft repair is evolving but has promise as a minimally invasive treatment option. Herein a case is presented of an anastomotic arch aneurysm treated with a custom-made thoracic stent-graft after a left subclavian artery-to-carotid artery transposition. Proximal extension for a type I endoleak necessitated a bailout procedure with a "kissing" left common carotid artery bare stent.