鞘膜腔内注射复方奎宁治疗睾丸鞘膜积液40例分析

睾丸鞘膜积液在农村较为常见 ,虽可手术根治 ,但患者常承受手术恐惧之压力。为寻求一种安全、经济、简便的治疗方法 ,笔者搜集了有关资料 ,对本院 1987年 8月至 1997年 10月门诊治疗的 4 0例患者 (交通性鞘膜积液除外 ) ,采用复方奎宁鞘膜腔内注射 ,取得满意效果 ,现报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料　 4 0例患者中 ,年龄 6～ 5 7岁 ,平均2 6 9± 5 8岁 ,病程最长者达 8年之久 ,最短 17天。其中 7例曾在外院用过抗生素 ,16例穿刺抽液 2～ 3次 ,到本院治疗时鞘膜腔内积液 30～ 80ｍｌ,全部病例均做阴囊透光试验确诊后在门诊予以治疗。1.2…     

儿童睾丸鞘膜积液手术方式的探讨

目的 提高儿童睾丸鞘膜积液的诊治效果.方法 回顾分析206例睾丸鞘膜积液患儿的诊治资料.结果 术前诊断为交通性鞘膜积液73例(35.2%),术中证实65例(31.5%),未诊断为交通性鞘膜积液而鞘状突未闭26例(12.6%),术后记录对鞘状突情况无描述29例(14.1%),因复发行二次手术3例,交通性鞘膜积液术前诊断为睾丸鞘膜积液9例(4.4%),阴囊切口3例,其中1例术后诊断为交通性鞘膜积液.结论 儿童交通性鞘膜积液发病率较高,应常规采取腹股沟切口,术中应仔细探查处理鞘状突.     

87例睾丸鞘膜积液外科治疗体会

我院自2000—20Cr7年收治睾丸鞘膜积液患者87例，采用鞘膜切除翻转术87例，行鞘突高位结扎并鞘膜切除翻转术28例，术后随访期限为2年。单纯采用鞘膜切除翻转术者有7例复发，而采用鞘突高位结扎患者无一例复发，故主张自幼原发性睾丸鞘膜积液应采用鞘突高位结扎效果显著，可有效防治复发。     

腹膜透析管置入术后并发睾丸鞘膜积液1例临床护理

<正>交通性睾丸鞘膜积液是鞘状突完全未闭合,鞘膜囊的积液可经一小管与腹腔相通,又称先天性鞘膜积液[1]。而由尿毒症患者行腹膜透析引起的睾丸交通性鞘膜积液的发生率在1%以下[2-3]。2013年7月,我院收治1例诊断为"慢性肾脏病5期"的患者,在行腹膜透析置管术后第2天发现左侧睾丸肿大,B超证实为睾丸交通性积液,转泌尿外科行左侧鞘状突高位结扎术+左侧睾丸鞘膜翻转术,期间行血液透析替代治     

高分化乳头样睾丸鞘膜间皮瘤伴对侧非典型间皮增生1例并文献复习

目的探讨高分化乳头样睾丸鞘膜间皮瘤伴对侧非典型间皮增生的临床表现、病理特征、治疗方法和预后情况。方法回顾分析1例高分化乳头样睾丸鞘膜间皮瘤伴对侧非典型间皮增生患者的临床资料。结果患者接受了左睾丸鞘膜切除术,术中见鞘膜腔内淡黄清亮积液约30ml,睾丸鞘膜腔囊壁见多个实性乳头状突起,单个肿瘤最大直径9mm。术后病理：组织学上,结节表现为明显的外生性,伴有复杂的乳头状改变;细胞学上,尽管没有表现出恶性间皮瘤的基质侵袭性,但可见由扁平上皮细胞连接的单个小管样结构延伸入睾丸鞘膜浅层下组织。免疫组化Calretinin（＋）、细胞角蛋白（CK）（＋）、Vimentin（4-＋）、上皮膜抗原（EMA）（一）。患者拒绝进一步行睾丸和阴囊皮肤切除术。术后1个月行右侧睾丸鞘膜切除术,病理回报非典型间皮增生。结论根治性睾丸切除术加患侧阴囊皮肤切除是睾丸鞘膜恶性间皮瘤的推荐治疗方法,对双侧睾丸鞘膜发病的患者,建议行根治性睾丸切除术。本例患者未接受睾丸根治术和术后放化疗等辅助治疗,密切随访36个月患者未见肿瘤复发或转移,说明高分化乳头样睾丸鞘膜间皮瘤是否需要根治性切除治疗仍有待进一步临床观察。     

非完全性交通性鞘膜积液患儿腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎后残余鞘膜积液穿刺抽液的效果

目的 探讨腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎后积液穿刺抽液的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2016年5月至2020年5月江门市人民医院收治的82例非完全性交通性鞘膜积液患儿的临床资料,根据治疗方式分为观察组与对照组,其中观察组42例,对照组40例,两组患儿均行腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎后,观察组继续行鞘膜积液注射器穿刺抽液治疗,对照组行鞘膜囊切除治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、自主活动时间、疼痛评分及并发症发生率,随访1年,比较两组复发率。结果 观察组手术时间、术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间、自主活动时间均优于对照组(P均<0.05),随着时间的延长,两组术后疼痛评分逐渐下降,观察组优于对照组(P<0.05),两组并发症发生率和复发率比较,差异未见统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 腹腔镜下鞘状突高位结扎术后行残余鞘膜积液注射器穿刺抽液用于非完全性交通行鞘膜积液的治疗具有创伤性小、安全性高、术后疼痛度低的优点,对于患儿的病情恢复具有积极意义。     

双梭形阴囊壁切除整形术在巨大睾丸鞘膜积液中的应用

巨大的睾丸鞘膜积液常导致阴囊皮肤和各层脂肪结缔组织松弛增生，容易引起手术后阴囊近期水肿明显和远期外观不良，从而影响手术效果。本院2000年6月至2006年10月以来采用双梭形阴囊皮肤整形术联合睾丸壁层鞘膜切除治疗巨大睾丸鞘膜积液18例，效果良好，报道如下。     

彩超对鞘膜积液小儿睾丸动脉血流检测与分析

目的：探讨鞘膜积液对小儿睾丸血供的影响及其临床意义。方法;对30例鞘膜积液患儿利用彩色多普勒超声技术检测,计算睾丸动脉各血流参数,包括收缩期峰值流速（Vp）、平均流速（Vmean)、舒张期最小流速（Vmin)、阻力指数（RI）、同时检测30例健康同龄小儿的睾丸动脉相应的血流参数值作比较。结果：小儿鞘膜积液侧睾丸动脉各血流参数与健侧及与对照组比较均无明显差异（P＞0．05）。结论：小儿鞘膜积液的存在对睾丸血流可能不产生明显影响,无需立即手术。     

睾丸鞘膜积液术后睾丸肿大的预防

目的：探讨术前穿刺放液对睾丸鞘膜积液术后睾丸肿大的预防效果。方法，实验组采用术前多次穿刺放液的方法与对照组对比观察术后睾丸肿大的程度。结果：实验组术后睾丸肿大的程度明显低于对照组。结论：术前少量多次穿刺放液对预防睾丸鞘膜积液术后睾丸肿大有明显效果。     

消痔灵治疗睾丸鞘膜积液50例

睾丸鞘膜积液为泌尿科的常见病，通常以手术治疗为主。我部从1991年9月采用精制消痔灵鞘内注射治疗睾丸鞘膜积液收到较好疗效，报告如下。     

Individualized minimally invasive treatment for adult testicular hydrocele: A pilot study

BACKGROUND Hydrocelectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of hydrocele,but it often causes complications after surgery,including hematoma,infection,persistent swelling,hydrocele recurrence,and chronic pain. In recent years,several methods for minimally invasive treatment of hydrocele have been introduced,but they all have limitations. Herein,we introduce a new method of individualized minimally invasive treatment for hydrocele.AIM To present a new method for the treatment of adult testicular hydrocele.METHODS Fifty-two adult patients with idiopathic testicular hydrocele were included. The key point of this procedure was that the scope of the resection of the sheath of the tunica vaginalis was determined according to the maximum diameter(d) of the effusion measured by ultrasound and the maximum diameter of the portion of the sheath pulled out of the scrotum was approximately πd/2. The surgical procedure consisted of a 2-cm incision in the anterior wall of the scrotum,drainage of the effusion,and dissection of part of the sheath of the tunica vaginalis. After the sheath was peeled away to the predetermined target extent,the pulled-out sheath was removed. The intraoperative findings and postoperative complications were analyzed.RESULTS All patients were successfully treated with a median operation time of 18 min.The median maximum diameter of the effusion on ultrasound was 3.5 cm,and the median maximum diameter of the resected sheath was 5.5 cm. Complications occurred in four(7.7%) patients: two(3.8%) cases of mild scrotal edema,one(1.9%) case of scrotal hematoma,and one(1.9%) case of wound infection. All of the complications were grade I-II. Recurrent hydrocele,chronic scrotal pain,and testicular atrophy were not observed during a median follow-up of 12 mo.CONCLUSION We report a new technique for individualized treatment of testicular hydrocele,which is quantitative and minimally invasive and yields good outcomes. Further study is warranted to verify its potential value in clinical practice.     

精索结构全程非去腹膜化在青年腹股沟疝腹腔镜经腹膜前疝修补术中的应用探索

目的 探讨精索结构全程非去腹膜化在青年腹股沟疝腹腔镜经腹膜前疝修补术（TAPP）中的可行性及安全性，旨在保护青年腹股沟疝患者的生育功能。方法 回顾性分析2019年7月－2020年12月丽水市中心医院胃肠腹壁疝外科52例行精索结构全程非去腹膜化的腹腔镜TAPP患者的临床资料，观察患者术后疗效。采用门诊就诊和电话随访等方式收集患者术后恢复非限制性活动时间和术后并发症发生情况（术后血清肿、切口感染、慢性疼痛、睾丸萎缩、疝复发和补片移位情况）。结果 所有患者术中均未发生严重并发症，围手术期无死亡病例。手术时间单侧为（56.4±12.7）min，双侧为（87.3±11.7）min，术中出血量小于5 mL，无中转改开放手术患者。术后肛门首次排气时间为（21.5±9.2）h，92.3%（48/52）的患者术后不需要使用镇痛药物，术后2 d内均可按计划出院，出院前均未发现术区水肿、阴囊积液和术后发热。术后所有患者均维持电话随访，随访时间9～26个月。其中，随访1年的9例，随访1年以上的43例。电话随访患者出院2周后均已恢复非限制性活动。其中，术后阴囊积液2例，发生率为3.8%（2/52）。长期随访未发现切口感染及慢性疼痛，未发现疝复发情况。结论 精索结构全程非去腹膜化在青年腹股沟疝腹腔镜TAPP中的应用是安全、可行的。     

Inguinal approach in adult hydrocele surgery: Preliminary randomized study

This prospective study compared the effects of scrotal and inguinal approaches in hydrocele repair. Thirty-two adult patients, enrolled between January 1994 and May 2000, were randomly assigned to an inguinal (n=17) or a scrotal (n=15) approach. Scrotal size (at the surgical site) was measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Edema, infection, and hematoma formation were evaluated on the first, second, and third days after operation. Hematoma occurred in 4 patients in the scrotal approach group and in 1 patient in the inguinal approach group. Scrotal size was significantly smaller in the scrotal approach group on all postoperative evaluation days. Three months after surgery, all patients in both groups were free of hydrocele. The inguinal approach is a feasible option in the surgical treatment of adults with hydrocele; it results in less edema than is noted with the scrotal approach. Larger studies are needed to confirm these results.     

Anterior abdominal abscess - a rare manifestation of severe acute pancreatitis: A case report

BACKGROUNDSevere acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common critical disease of the digestive system. In addition to the clinical manifestations and biochemical changes of acute pancreatitis, SAP is also accompanied by organ failure lasting more than 48 h. SAP is characterized by focal or extensive pancreatic necrosis, hemorrhage and obvious inflammation around the pancreas. The peripancreatic fat space, fascia, mesentery and adjacent organs are often involved. The common local complications include acute peripancreatic fluid collection, acute necrotic collection, pancreatic pseudocyst, walled off necrosis and infected pancreatic necrosis. After reviewing the literature, we found that in very few cases, SAP patients have complications with anterior abdominal wall abscesses.CASE SUMMARYWe report a 66-year-old Asian male with severe acute pancreatitis who presented with intermittent abdominal pain and an increasing abdominal mass. The abscess spread from the retroperitoneum to the anterior abdominal wall and the right groin. In the described case, drainage tubes were placed in the retroperitoneal and anterior abdominal wall by percutaneous puncture. After a series of symptomatic supportive therapies, the patient was discharged from the hospital with a retroperitoneal drainage tube after the toleration of oral feeding and the improvement of nutritional status.CONCLUSIONWe believe that patients with SAP complicated with anterior abdominal abscess can be treated conservatively to avoid unnecessary exploration or operation.     

平片无张力腹股沟疝修补术的应用价值

目的:探讨平片无张力腹股沟疝修补术的操作方法及应用价值。方法:对我院1995年3月至2006年6月160例使用传统疝修补术,及52例平片无张力腹股沟疝修补术的病人进行分析。结果:212例患者全部治愈。平片无张力腹股沟疝修补术52例,手术时间平均42 min;术后平均9 h开始下床活动,平均住院6.5 d;术后发生尿潴留2例(3.8%),术后应用止痛剂6例(11.5%),术后阴囊肿胀1例,无伤口感染、阴囊积液等并发症;术后随访无复发。传统疝修补术160例,手术时间平均53 min;术后平均74h开始下床活动,平均住院11.8 d;术后发生尿潴留10例(6.25%),术后应用止痛剂53例(33.1%),术后阴囊肿胀1例,无伤口感染、阴囊积液等并发症;术后随访复发15例(9.4%)。结论:平片无张力腹股沟疝修补术能满足修补和加强耻骨肌孔区域的解剖学要求,对于巨大疝、复发疝、复合疝和老年疝的修补尤为适用。与传统疝修补术相比具有明显优势。     

腹腔镜2种术式治疗精索静脉曲张疗效观察

目的探讨腹腔镜2种术式治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效。方法140例精索静脉曲张患者随机分为2组各70例,A组采用腹腔镜精索血管高位集束结扎术（Palomo术式）,B组采用腹腔镜单纯精索内静脉高位结扎术（Ivanissevich术式）,比较2组术后精液质量改善情况,并发症发生率及复发率。结果2组术后精液质量均有明显改善（P％0．05）,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;2组术后均未出现睾丸萎缩、鞘膜积液,阴囊水肿发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;B组复发率高于A组（P〈0．05）。结论腹腔镜2种手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张均可获得满意疗效,Palomo术式复发率低,可作为腹腔镜治疗精索静脉曲张的首选术式。     

双侧脑室钻孔加椎管内置管引流及尿激酶冲洗治疗脑室出血的护理研究

目的探讨脑出血破入脑室患者早期行双侧脑室钻孔加椎管内持续置管引流及尿激酶灌注冲洗的护理。方法将112例脑出血破入脑室患者随机分为两组,实验组56例患者在出血6h内行双侧脑室钻孔引流术,术后第2天开始行腰穿术椎管内置管持续引流置换脑脊液,以及尿激酶脑室引流管灌注冲洗,加强监护,进行体位和引流管护理,严格无菌技术操作。与对照组56例患者做一样的术后治疗,每天要做一次腰穿,术后不置管对比。结果实验组治疗及时,腰穿次数减少4～6次,医护的工作量和患者的经济负担、并发症与对照组比均具有可比性,P<0.01。结论早期双侧脑室钻孔引流,腰穿加置管引流,加强护理,可减少患者并发症和经济负担,减少医护工作量。     

经腹膜前间隙腹腔镜手术一期治疗成人腹股沟斜疝伴隐睾患者的临床效果*

探讨腹腔镜一期治疗成人腹股沟斜疝伴隐睾的可行性及优越性。方法 回顾性分析2015年10月－2018年10月该院行腹腔镜一期治疗成人腹股沟斜疝伴发隐睾患者的资料。结果 全组共5例患者,一侧腹股沟斜疝合并腹股沟管型隐睾2例,一侧腹股沟斜疝合并腹腔内型隐睾3例,均顺利行腹腔镜隐睾切除+全腹膜外腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术（TEP）。手术时间65～120 min,平均（76.5±10.4）min,术后住院时间4～8 d,平均（5.5±2.2）d。术后随访时间最长3年,平均12个月,其中1例出现阴囊血肿,经抽吸后治愈;无疝复发病例,无切口及补片感染,无慢性疼痛等并发症发生。结论 经腹膜前间隙腹腔镜手术一期治疗成人腹股沟斜疝伴发隐睾是可行的、安全的,值得临床推广使用。     

Clinical application of a multi-groove silicone drain combined with unidirectional negative-pressure drainage system in single-operating-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery: a comparison study

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of a new negative-pressure drainage system in thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery; thereby, providing a new option for postoperative drainage.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data for 200 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery between May 2018 and October 2019. According to the thoracic drainage method, the patients were divided into the thoracic tube group and the new system group. The epidemiological and clinicopathological data were compared before operation, and the clinical effect of thoracic drainage was compared after operation.ResultsThere was no significant difference in epidemiological and clinicopathological data between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in drain removal time, hospital stay, and complication rates between the two groups. However, the incidences of pleural effusion and poor incision healing in the new system group were lower than in the thoracic tube group. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the new system group were lower than those in the thoracic tube group at each postoperative interval; therefore, the new system group required less analgesia.ConclusionThe new system was not inferior to thoracic tubes regarding the drainage effect after thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery. Hence, the system is an alternative to traditional thoracic tubes.     

可视标准通道联合F4.8可视穿刺超微经皮肾镜在肾多发结石中的应用(附46例报告)

目的探讨可视标准通道联合F4.8可视穿刺超微经皮肾镜治疗肾多发结石中的应用。方法回顾性分析2015年10月-2016年9月该院46例肾多发结石患者的临床资料,男28例,女18例,年龄25~65岁,平均42.6岁。结石直径3.0~5.2 cm,平均(4.3±0.8)cm。应用F4.8可视穿刺辅助球囊扩张建立标准通道,肾镜联合超声碎石处理视野内可见结石后,再应用F4.8可视穿刺超微经皮肾镜联合钬激光处理其他部位结石,总结通道建立总时间、手术时间、血红蛋白下降值、一期结石清除率及手术并发症等指标。结果所有病例在F4.8可视穿刺辅助下成功建立单标准通道,其中24例联合单超微通道,16例联合双超微通道,6例联合3个超微通道。术后均留置单个肾造瘘管,超微通道未留置造瘘管,术后均留置F5双J管。F4.8可视穿刺建立标准通道建立时间(6.8±1.8)min、单个F4.8可视穿刺超微通道建立时间(4.5±0.9)min、手术时间(92.0±15.0)min。一期结石清除率91.3%(42/46)、血红蛋白下降值(12.2±2.5)g/L,术后发热8例,给予抗炎治疗好转,4例肾下盏可见0.5~0.8 cm结石残留,给予体外冲击波碎石,联合应用体位排石,术后1个月复查结石均排出,未出现石街、迟发出血、周围脏器损伤、输尿管损伤病例。结论可视标准通道联合F4.8可视穿刺超微经皮肾镜治疗肾多发结石具有减少大通道数量、清石率高、安全可靠和并发症少等优点,应用F4.8可视穿刺通道的建立更加安全精准。