腹腔镜与机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌的效果比较

目的 分析腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术与机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌的疗效和术后复发率的差异.方法 将124例接受治疗的前列腺癌患者纳入研究.按手术方式的不同分为两组,其中观察组为机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌41例,对照组为腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌83例,比较两组患者的术前资料、手术时间、手术中出血量、手术中输血量、术后生化复发率等指标,分析腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术与机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的治疗效果以及术后复发率的差异.结果 在患者术前年龄、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、前列腺体积、Gleason评分、临床分期上观察组与对照组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).观察组出血量为(127±39.7)mL,对照组出血量为(400±18.1)mL,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).观察组输血率为11.5%,对照组输血率为32.5%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组手术时间为(3.21±0.51)h,对照组手术时间为(4.7±1.01)h,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术对减少出血、输血、术后生化复发率等方面较腹腔镜有较大优势.     

新辅助内分泌治疗联合腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术 对局部晚期前列腺癌的疗效分析

目的探讨总结新辅助内分泌治疗后行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗局部晚期前列腺癌的效果。方法选取局部晚期前列腺癌44例,随机分成观察组和对照组,各22例,观察组先行6个月的最大限度雄激素阻断的新辅助内分泌治疗,后行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术,对照组在穿刺后6周后行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术。比较2组术前术后前列腺特异性抗原变化情况、手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症。结果观察组术后1个月前列腺特异性抗原水平、手术时间、术中出血量及切缘阳性和淋巴结浸润率均低于对照组（P < 0.05~P < 0.01）;2组手术相关并发症差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。随访8~34个月,2组手术复发率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论新辅助内分泌治疗后行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术对于局部晚期前列腺癌病人能降低肿瘤临床分期,为以往观念上不能手术的病人创造了手术机会。     

新辅助内分泌治疗联合前列腺癌根治术治疗高危前列腺癌的疗效

目的 探讨高危前列腺癌患者行新辅助内分泌治疗(NHT)后接受腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术(RP)的疗效.方法 收集2014年5月-2017年6月就诊的高危前列腺癌患者72例,均经前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)检测、MRI检查和活检病理确诊.72例中,于NHT后行腹腔镜下RP 36例(观察组),单纯行腹腔镜下RP 36例(对照组)...     

病理Gleason评分≥8分的前列腺癌行根治术预后的影响因素

目的评估前列腺癌根治术后病理Gleason评分≥8分患者的预后及其影响因素。方法回顾性分析2002年1月—2008年12月行根治性前列腺切除术的前列腺癌患者的临床资料,术后定期门诊随访。入选标准:前列腺根治术后Gleason评分≥8分,术前未接受新辅助内分泌治疗,随访资料完整。应用Kaplan-Meier Logrank检验及Cox回归进行单因素及多因素分析,评估影响预后的因素。结果 29例患者符合入选标准。平均随访时间为(51.7±25.8)个月,16例(55.2%)患者生化复发,5年无生化复发率为40.2%。5年肿瘤特异性生存率为95.8%,5年总生存率为84.8%。单因素分析显示,辅助治疗组5年无生化复发率为75.2%,显著高于未行辅助治疗组的0(χ2=11.514,P=0.001);辅助内分泌治疗联合放疗组5年无生化复发率为100.0%,显著高于辅助内分泌治疗组(60.0%)及未行辅助治疗组(0,χ2=12.369,P=0.002)。将年龄、术前前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平、病理Gleason评分、病理分期、切缘及辅助治疗类型纳入多因素分析模型,结果显示辅助治疗类型是高级别前列腺癌根治术后无生化复发...     

前列腺癌根治术前新辅助治疗效果分析

目的　探讨前列腺癌根治术前新辅助治疗的疗效。方法　 31例经前列腺活检证实为局限性前列腺癌患者 ,其中 12例于前列腺癌根治术前辅以诺雷德加氟他胺 (新辅助治疗组 )平均治疗 5 .6个月 ,19例单纯行前列腺癌根治术 (单纯根治术组 ) ,比较两组的临床特征。结果　两组患者的盆腔淋巴结清扫阳性率为 12 .9%(4 / 31例 ) ,术后血清前列腺特异性抗原 (PSA)水平明显下降 (P <0 .0 1)。新辅助治疗组药物治疗后血清PSA明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,8例临床分期降低 ,术后前列腺切缘阳性 2例 ,精囊浸润 1例 ,淋巴结转移 1例 ;单纯根治术组前列腺切缘阳性 7例 ,精囊浸润 4例 ,淋巴结转移 3例。两组的前列腺切缘阳性率、精囊浸润率、淋巴结转移率的差异有显著性 (P值均 <0 .0 5 ) ,而手术时间、失血量和Gleason评分的差异无显著性 (P值均 >0 .0 5 )。结论　前列腺癌根治术是治疗局限性前列腺癌最有效的方法 ,术前辅以新辅助治疗可降低前列腺癌的临床分期和病理分期 ,其对远期疗效的影响有待进一步观察。     

腹腔镜与开放手术治疗早期局限性前列腺癌的临床观察

目的比较腹腔镜与开放手术治疗早期局限性前列腺癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择77例早期局限性前列腺癌患者,分为观察组40例和对照组37例,观察组采用腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术,对照组采用经耻骨后前列腺癌根治术,比较二者治疗效果。结果观察组患者手术时间与对照组相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者引流管拔除时间和留置导尿时间与对照组相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而观察组患者胃肠功能恢复时间、术后下床活动时间和术后住院时间均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率30%,低于对照组的50%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1年及术后2年生化复发率相似,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腹腔镜手术治疗局限性前列腺癌具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少,而且在肿瘤控制方面与开放性手术具有相似的效果。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术治疗大体积前列腺癌的预后效果

目的 评价机器人辅助腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, RLRP治疗大体积前列腺癌的预后效果。方法 随机选择2018年6月—2020年1月赤峰市医院泌尿外科收治的大体积前列腺癌疾病患者80例为研究对象。根据患者意愿,分为采取RLRP治疗的观察组、腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术（laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, LRP）治疗的对照组,各40例。比较两组患者的手术治疗情况,包括术中出血量,手术以及术后下床活动、引流管拔除、肛门排气、住院时间等治疗相关指标,并发症以及随访6个月生化复发情况。结果 观察组术后并发症发生率、生化复发率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组术中出血量、手术时间、下床活动时间、引流管拔除时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 与LRP术式比较,RLRP治疗大体积前列腺癌能进一步改善患者的预后,提升患者的安全性,是有效治疗术式。     

前列腺癌125I放射性粒子植入术后生化复发危险因素分析

目的 探讨前列腺癌¹²⁵I放射性粒子植入术后影响生化复发的相关因素。方法 回顾性随访分析了笔者医院收治的51例接受前列腺癌¹²⁵I粒子植入术患者的临床资料,所有患者术前均未接受内分泌或其他治疗。年龄54~86岁,平均年龄74.25岁;初始PSA 1.14~286.57μg/L,＜20.0μg/L者33例,≥20.0μg/L者18例;临床分期T_1c~T_3b;前列腺体积19.49~83.90ml,平均39.72ml;D₉₀(包容90%靶区体积的剂量值)为136.9~173.9Gy,平均147.17Gy;术后最低PSA为0~22.99μg/L,平均1.19μg/L;PSAD为0.05~9.87μg/(L·cm³),平均0.81μg/(L·cm³);其中22例联合使用内分泌治疗,2例联合使用了外放疗。分析无生化复发率与粒子植入组中患者危险分级、初始PSA值、Gleason评分、临床分期、前列腺体积、D₉₀、术后最低PSA、PSAD的关系。结果 随访时间1~38个月,中位随访时间17个月,平均随访时间20.16个月。16例出现生化复发。低中危组、高危组的3年无生化复发率分别为54.4%、32.5%,组间比较可见差异趋势(P=0.273)。D₉₀≥145Gy者无生化复发率高于D₉₀＜145Gy者,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.040);术后最低PSA＜1μg/L者无生化复发率优于最低PSA≥1μg/L者,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论 D₉₀、术后最低PSA与生化复发密切相关;危险分期、前列腺体积、是否联合内分泌表现了与生化复发相关的趋势。     

前列腺癌根治术对高危前列腺癌患者的临床疗效

目的比较不同危险组前列腺癌患者实施前列腺癌根治术后的临床疗效,探讨前列腺癌根治术对高危前列腺癌患者的临床适用性。方法收集2005年1月—2008年12月实施前列腺癌根治术的前列癌患者的临床资料,根据D’Amico分级标准分为低危、中危和高危组。术后定期随访,比较不同组的疗效及并发症。采用KaplanMeier法绘制生存曲线,采用Log-rank法比较不同组的5年无生化复发率。结果共125例前列腺癌患者纳入研究,其中年龄最小者47岁,最大者78岁,平均为(67.8±10.2)岁。低、中、高危组的术前Gleason评分分别为6.5±1.9、7.1±2.2和8.9±2.0,术前PSA水平分别为7.6±2.3、9.3±3.2和13.2±3.6。低、中、高危组的切缘阳性例数分别为2例(8.0%)、9例(13.4%)、10例(30.3%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.233,P=0.044),术中及术后并发症差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后5年完全控尿率和性功能恢复率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。5年内共有31例患者发生生化复发。低、中、高危组5年无生化复发例数分别为20例(80.0%)、53例(79.1%)和21例(63.6%),3组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.790,P=0.248)。结论高危前列腺癌患者实施前列腺癌根治术后的疗效较低、中危患者稍差,但仍可达到较好的疗效,控制疾病的进展。     

保留尿道括约肌功能腹腔镜手术治疗前列腺癌的效果

目的探讨保留尿道括约肌功能腹腔镜手术治疗前列腺癌的效果。方法选取2017年1月至2018年4月郑州金水区总医院收治的90例接受腹腔镜根治手术的前列腺癌患者,按照是否保留尿道括约肌功能分为对照组和观察组,各45例。对照组不保留尿道括约肌功能,观察组保留尿道括约肌功能。对比两组尿失禁发生率、前列腺体积、血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平和并发症发生率。结果观察组尿失禁发生率(64.44%)低于对照组(84.44%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组前列腺体积均较术前减小,血清PSA水平均较术前降低,且观察组前列腺体积小于对照组,血清PSA水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率(8.89%)低于对照组(26.67%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论保留尿道括约肌功能腹腔镜手术可明显缩小前列腺癌患者前列腺体积,降低血清PSA水平,提高尿控效果,减少并发症的发生。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.