咽喉炎与胃食管酸反流的关系

胃食管反流(GERD)与咽喉疾病的关系日益受到重视。为阐明其相关性,对34例顽固性咽喉炎患者,行内镜检查和24小时食管pH监测,设对照组分析。结论:部分咽喉炎与胃食管异常酸反流有关,促动力剂及抑酸剂有效。     

胃-食管反流病的咽喉部表现

胃-食管反流病被认为是喉部病变的病因之一,其与咽喉部症状之间的关系日益受到重视。本文就反流性咽喉炎的发病机制、临床特征、实验室检查、诊断和治疗等方面作一简要综述。     

胃食管反流病食管外表现的临床研究

目的探讨胃食管反流病（GERD）食管外表现（EED）的临床特征和质子泵抑制剂对EED的治疗效果。方法本研究为多中心、开放、前瞻性临床研究,在上海市的4家医院同期入选GERD患者,均符合内镜下有反流性食管炎（RE）的诊断标准,无RE者则为24h食管pH监测阳性的非糜烂性反流病（NERD）。进行GERD典型症状和EED相关症状的问卷调查并记录积分,有EED症状者行电子喉镜检查并记录有关征象,然后对上述资料进行统计、比较分析。结果共分析200例符合标准的GERD患者,伴有EED者95例,无EED者105例;NERD患者66例,RE134例,其中65例为具有EED的RE患者。EED的症状最常见的为咽球感和（或）咽部异物感,发生率为27％,其他常见的依次为咳嗽、咽喉灼痛、声音嘶哑,哮喘较少,其发生率分别为21％、16％、11％、3％。有EED的患者中并存典型GERD症状的发生率为56％,EED症状的严重程度在RE和NERD患者间差异无统计学意义。喉镜检查示声带红斑、水肿32％,杓区红肿25％,咽后壁淋巴增生20％,未见明显异常的42％。95％的EED患者治疗8周后症状基本消失。结论较大比例的GERD患者中有EED存在,而喉镜、常规24hpH监测对诊断的阳性预测值不高,高剂量质子泵抑制剂对EED的治疗有效。     

合并食管外症状的难治性胃食管反流病的临床研究

选取51例难治性GERD患者,分析合并食管外症状和典型反流症状的难治性GERD患者的高分辨率食管测压和24 h pH-阻抗监测数据。结果显示合并食管外症状组弱酸反流事件发生率(41.0%,16/39)高于典型反流症状组(9/12),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.238,P=0.040);而两组酸反流、长反流、非酸反流和食管动力之间差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。弱酸反流可能是合并食管外症状难治性GERD的重要发病机制。     

胃食管反流病的食管外表现及其临床进展

胃食管反流病(GERD)的食管外表现是指除反酸、烧心等典型症状外,同时伴有呼吸系统、耳鼻喉、口腔等部位的症状,如支气管哮喘、慢性咳嗽、阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、特发性肺纤维化、咽炎、喉炎、牙侵蚀症等.因其表现特殊、临床容易误诊,本文特对其发病机制及临床表现作一综述.     

胃食管反流病相关性咽喉炎98例临床分析

胃食管反流是指胃内容物异常反流至食管所引起的慢性炎症或黏膜损伤,它包括若干种不同的症状群。在其所引起的症状中,不只是烧心、反酸等消化道症状,有一部分患者也能引起耳鼻喉科领域的消化道外症状。由胃食管反流所导致的反流性咽喉炎,如果能给予正确的诊断,并从病因上给予治     

胃食管反流病的临床研究

目的 研究胃食管反流病（GERD）的反流症状与诊断关系，以引起临床医生的重视。方法采用典型症状、波利特试验及内镜检查；结果 检出反流性食管炎89例，非糜烂性食管炎291例，Barrett食管41例。结论 反流症状并有效检查为临床提供良好治疗方案。     

非典型胃食管反流病诊治新进展

非典型胃食管反流病(GERD)是指其典型的反酸、烧心症状不明显,主要表现为呼吸系统及耳鼻咽喉系统症状,临床上并不少见。目前认为GERD对顽固性咳嗽、哮喘及咽喉炎等发病起重要作用。此文对非典型胃食管反流病的诊断及治疗进展作一综述。     

以咽喉炎为主要表现的胃食管反流病35例临床分析

目的 探讨胃食管反流病（CERD）食管外表现-咽喉炎的临床特征和对质子泵抑制剂的治疗反应。初步探讨非典型GERD的诊断方法。方法 对35例以咽喉炎就诊的内镜检查诊断为反流性食管炎（RE）的患者随机分2组：A组（治疗组18例）给予PPI（雷贝拉唑20mg,1次／d晨服）治疗4周。B组（对照组17例）给予多潘立酮10mg,3次／d口服疗程4周,比较治疗前后临床症状评分改变。结果 雷贝拉唑治疗2、4周后临床症状较治疗前有显著改善（P〈0．05）。A组较B组在临床症状改善及镜下咽喉炎、反流性食管炎的疗效上均有明显差异（P〈0．05）。结论 部分胃食管反流病患者可表现为慢性咽喉炎,予PPI治疗后,可显著改善症状。     

反流性疾病问卷对咽喉炎为主症的胃食管反流病的筛查功效研究

目的 探讨反流性疾病问卷(RDQ问卷)对以食管外症状-咽喉炎为主要表现的胃食管反流病(GERD)病例的筛查功效.方法 对26例食管外症状-咽喉炎为主要症状的,确诊为GERD病例,分别对KDQ问卷筛查阳性及阴性病例的平均积分进行比较分析,并对RDQ问卷对该类病例诊断敏感性、特异性、阳性符合率进行统计.结果 ①26例确诊为GERD病人中,19例RDQ问卷筛查阳性,症状平均积分为(14.32±5.12);7例RDQ问卷筛查阴性,症状平均积分(8.14±5.04),两组症状积分差异有显著性.②RDQ问卷对有食管外症状-咽喉炎的胃食管反流病确诊病例的功效为诊断敏感性73.07%、特异性53.33%、阳性符合率40.42%.结论 RDQ问卷对以食管外症状-咽喉炎为主要症状胃食管反流病病例的诊断筛查功效明显降低.     

慢性阻塞性肺病与胃食管反流病

目的：了解慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者中胃食管反流病(GERD)的发生率及探讨GERD与COPD的关系。方法：从医院门诊收集89例COPD患者[第1秒用力呼气量(FEV_1)=1．37±0．53],同时选取88例非COPD患者为对照组,所有病例完成反流性疾病诊断问卷、慢性黏液高分泌症(CMH)问卷和肺功能检查。结果：COPD组中GERD发生率为18%,对照组为16%。气道阻塞严重(根据肺功能判断)的COPD患者没有更高的GERD发生率,各不同严重程度的COPD患者的GERD发生率分别为11%(轻度)、24%(中度)、11%(重度)和19%(极重度)。气促程度严重的COPD患者中GERD发生率较气促程度轻者升高(29%比15%,P=0．19)。有CMH的患者中27%表现GERD,而无CMH患者中仅8%表现GERD(P＜0．05)。结论：本研究发现COPD患者中GERD的发生率没有明显增高,但气促症状严重的患者表现较高的GERD发病率。CMH与GERD有显著的相关性,提示CMH的潜在作用及在治疗有CMH的COPD患者时需考虑GERD影响。     

Comparison of Stretta procedure and toupet fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux disease-related extra-esophageal symptoms

AIM: To compare the outcomes between the Stretta procedure and laparoscopic toupet fundoplication (LTF) in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related extra-esophageal symptoms.METHODS: From January 2011 to February 2012, a total of 98 patients diagnosed with GERD-related extra-esophageal symptoms who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. All patients who either underwent the Stretta procedure or LTF treatment have now completed the 3-year follow-up. Primary outcome measures, including frequency and severity of extra-esophageal symptoms, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, satisfaction, and postoperative complications, were assessed. The results of the Stretta procedure and LTF therapy were analyzed and compared.RESULTS: There were 47 patients in the Stretta group and 51 patients in the LTF group. Ninety patients were available at the 3-year follow-up. The total of the frequency and severity scores for every symptom improved in both groups (P < 0.05). Improvement in symptom scores of cough, sputum, and wheezing did not achieve statistical significance between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the score for globus hysterics was different between the Stretta group and the LTF group (4.9 ± 2.24 vs 3.2 ± 2.63, P < 0.05). After the Stretta procedure and LTF treatment, 29 and 33 patients in each group achieved PPI therapy independence (61.7% vs 64.7%, P = 0.835). The patients in the LTF group were more satisfied with their quality of life than those in the Stretta procedure group (P < 0.05). Most complications resolved without intervention within two weeks; however, two patients in the LTF group still suffered from severe dysphagia 2 wk after the operation, and it improved after bougie dilation treatment in both patients.CONCLUSION: The Stretta procedure and LTF were both safe and effective for the control of GERD-related extra-esophageal symptoms and the reduction of PPI use.     

How reflux causes symptoms: Reflux perception in gastroesophageal reflux disease

In gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms arise due to reflux of gastric content into the oesophagus. However, the relation between magnitude and onset of reflux and symptom generation in GERD patients is far from simple; gastroesophageal reflux occurs several times a day in everyone and the majority of reflux episodes remains asymptomatic. This review aims to address the question how reflux causes symptoms, focussing on factors leading to enhanced reflux perception. We will highlight esophageal sensitivity variance between subtypes of GERD, which is influenced by peripheral sensitization of primary afferents, central sensitization of spinal dorsal horn neurons, impaired mucosal barrier function and genetic factors. We will also discuss the contribution of specific refluxate characteristics to reflux perception, including acidity, and the role of bile, pepsin and gas and proximal extent. Further understanding of reflux perception might improve GERD treatment, especially in current partial responders to therapy.     

胃食管反流病问卷对胃食管反流病的诊断价值

目的 评价胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)在胃食管反流病(GERD)患者中的诊断价值,初步探讨中国GERD人群的症状特点.同时探索一种适合中国人群的质子泵抑制剂(PPI)试验的诊断标准.方法 在全国五家医院进行多中心研究.所有入组患者填写GerdQ问卷表.以胃镜检查、24 h食管pH监测和PPI试验其中任何一项阳性作为GERD的诊断标准,评价GerdQ的诊断价值.以拟定PPI试验诊断标准与胃镜和食管pH监测的诊断相比较,并优化PPI试验的诊断标准.结果 拟定PPI试验诊断的敏感度为0.6627,特异度为0.4872.经统计分析,以PPI治疗1周最后3 d烧心、反流症状总评分较治疗前相比下降3分为优化PPI试验诊断标准,诊断的敏感度为0.3787,特异度为0.8077,阳性预测值为0.8101,阴性预测值为0.3750,Youden指数最大为0.1864.经人群矫正,GerdQ取临界值为10分时,Youden指数达到最大0.1080,诊断的敏感度为0.6690,特异度为0.4390.50岁以上女性患者随着评分的增高,问卷诊断价值下降.结论 GerdQ具有肯定的诊断价值.但在临床工作中,对特殊人群中症状突出而PPI诊断性治疗反应不佳的患者,GERD的诊断应慎重.PPI试验的评分以治疗1周最后3 d为佳.     

脂肪性肝病与胃食管反流病的相关性研究

目的评估脂肪性肝病(FLD)与胃食管反流病GERD之间的关系。方法选取2 000例受试者,采用较简便的胃食管反流病问卷(GerdQ)作为初筛GERD诊断标准,对入选者均进行腹部超声波等检查,分析FLD与GERD关系。结果对2 000例患者利用GerdQ评估GERD诊断情况,有176例(8.8%)诊断为GERD,女68人(38.64%),男108人(61.36%);脂肪肝患者760例,患病率38.0%,在脂肪肝组中,男女性GERD症状的GerdQ阳性率分别为13.77%和12.24%,两者无明显差异(P>0.05)。脂肪肝人群发生GERD症状的患病率与对照组存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论脂肪肝与GERD显著相关,控制脂肪肝发展可以降低GERD发病率。     

Endoscopic therapies of gastroesophageal reflux disease

The high prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Western societies has accelerated the need for new modalities of treatment. Currently, medical and surgical therapies are widely accepted among patients and physicians. New potent antisecretory drugs and the development of minimally invasive surgery for the management of GERD are at present the pivotal and largely accepted approaches to treatment. The minimally invasive treatment revolution, however, has stimulated several new endoscopic techniques for GERD. Up to now, the data is limited and further studies are necessary to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the various endoscopic techniques to medical and laparoscopic management of GERD. New journal articles and abstracts are continuously being published. The Food and Drug Administration has approved 3 modalities, thus gastroenterologists and surgeons are beginning to apply these techniques. Further trials and device refinements will assist clinicians. This article will present an overview of the various techniques that are currently on study. This review will report the efficacy and durability of various endoscopic therapies for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The potential for widespread use of these techniques will also be discussed. Articles and abstracts published in English on this topic were retrieved from Pubmed. Due to limited number of studies and remarkable differences between various trials, strict criteria were not used for the pooled data presented, however, an effort was made to avoid bias by including only studies that used off-PPI scoring as baseline and intent to treat.     

胃镜下腔内折叠术治疗胃食管反流病

目的：探讨治疗胃食管反流病（GERD）的新方法--胃镜下腔内折叠术（ELGP）的操作方法、适应证及禁忌症等问题。方法：选择无服药情况下出现每周3次以上烧心或反酸、食物反流，并且24h食管pH监测证实胃酸异常者，共26例进行ELGP，其中2例为贲门切除术后的胃食管反流病患者。26例GERD患者食管下端裂口直径1.5-3.5cm，平均2.5cm；并食管裂孔疝20例，达77％。缝合器为美国BARD公司二代缝合器。术前检查、常规胃镜观察后，辅助静脉麻醉，在齿状线下或吻合口下1-3cm缝合，采用环行、纵行或两种方法结合治疗。记录手术前后食管裂口大小、缝合位置、针间距、缝合皱褶数、术中不良反应等。结果：共缝32例次，其中环行缝合17例次，纵行缝合11例次，环行和纵行结合缝合4例次。两针间距1-3cm，两褶间距为1.5-2cm。每例次1-4个褶，平均每例2.3个褶。缝合后食管裂口平均约1.5cm。烧心及反流症状改善总有效率76％（完全缓解36％），部分缓解40％），无效24％。1例感冒患者术中出现呼吸困难，余无严重并发症。结论：胃镜下腔内折叠术能明显改善胃食管反流病的症状，2cm以上的食管裂孔疝及贲门切除术后胃食管反流均可应用该方法进行治疗，术程安全。     

Pulmonary or otolaryngologic extraesophageal manifestations in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease

The extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease that are similar to a heart attack or gastric diseases are well known, while those categorized as pulmonary or otolaryngological are less known and less studied. In this article, we introduce this less known aspect of gastroesophageal reflux.     

胃食管反流病和口腔相关疾病的研究

胃食管反流病（gastroesophageal reflux disease，GERD）是由于下食管括约肌功能障碍引起胃内容物反流导致的一系列慢性症状和食管黏膜损害。与GERD相关的症状多种多样，如烧心、反酸、胸骨后疼痛、哮喘、慢性咳嗽、咽部球样感、声音嘶哑、肺炎等。Fass等^[1]提出将其分为三类，即典型症状、不典型症状与消化道外症状。