uPA、uPAR及PAI-1在结肠癌侵袭和转移中的作用及其相关性

目的：对尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物（uPA）及其受体uPAR和血浆纤溶醇原激活物抑制因子PAI-1在结肠癌侵袭和转移中的作用及其相关性进行研究。方法：选择临床病理资料完整的结肠癌蜡块标本156例,正常结肠黏膜标本50例作对照。采用sP免疫组化方法检测uPA、uPAR及PAI-1在其中的表达。结果：uPA及uPAR在结肠癌组织中高表达,并随病理分级的降低、淋巴转移的产生、临床分期的提高而明显增高（P均〈0．05）。PAI-1在结肠癌组织中高表达,并随分级的降低、淋巴结转移的产生、临床分期的提高而明显增高（P均〈0．05）。结肠癌中uPA、uPAR及PAI-1的表达呈正相关（P〈0．01）。结论：uPA、uPAR及PAI-1对结肠癌的侵袭和转移起重要的促进作用并在结肠癌的侵袭和转移相互促进,相互协调,关系密切。uPA、uPAR及PAI-1各自都可以成为结肠癌诊断和预后估计的指标．并目有可能成为结肠痛基因治疗的新靶点。     

MMP-2与TIMP-1在食管鳞癌细胞中的表达及临床意义

目的：检测食管鳞癌（ESCC）及癌旁正常组织中基质金属蛋白酶-2（MMP-2）以及组织抑制因子（TIMP-1）的表达,研究其与临床特征的关系,为临床ESCC恶性程度和预后判断提供新的依据。方法应用组织芯片技术及免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化酶连接法（S-P法）对60例ESCC组织及癌旁正常食管组织中MMP-2、TIMP-1蛋白表达进行检测,分析其阳性表达与性别、年龄、组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及肿瘤分期之间的关系。结果 MMP-2、TIMP-1在癌旁正常上皮组织不表达;MMP-2主要在癌细胞中表达, TIMP-1主要在间质细胞中表达,二者在食管鳞状细胞癌中表达阳性率分别为38.3%和46.7%,高于正常组织（P﹤0.05）。MMP-2与ESCC的浸润深度、淋巴结转移和TNM临床分期有关,差异有统计学意义（P﹤0.05）,肿瘤浸润程度深者MMP-2阳性表达率高;无淋巴结转移者的MMP-2阳性表达率低于有淋巴结转移者;临床病理分期为Ⅰ、Ⅱ期患者的阳性表达率低于Ⅲ期者。TIMP-1的表达与ESCC性别、年龄、组织学分级、浸润深度、淋巴结转移及临床病理分期无关（P﹥0.05）。结论 MMP-2能在ESCC的侵袭、转移中起重要作用,TIMP-1可能与早期ES-CC的生物学性状有关,MMP-2与浸润深度、淋巴结转移及TNM分期有关,二者有助于判断ESCC的生物学行为。     

miR-143、MMP-2和TIMP-1在哈萨克族食管癌组织中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的: 探讨在新疆哈萨克族食管癌组织中miR-143、基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2) 和基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)的表达及其临床意义。方法: 根据前期芯片检测结果,通过靶点预测软件PicTar TargetScan和miRanda预测miR-143可能与肿瘤相关的靶基因。并采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测30例哈萨克族食管癌组织及相应癌旁组织中miR-143、MMP-2和TIMP-1的表达水平,分析其与临床病理特征的关系。结果: miR-143在哈萨克族食管癌组织中表达较远端癌旁组织中明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);miR-143低表达与分化程度、淋巴结转移、临床分期相关(P依次为0.042、0.039、0.007);MMP-2、TIMP-1在哈萨克族食管癌组织中表达均较远端癌旁组织中增高,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.026和P=0.021);MMP-2高表达与淋巴结转移正相关(r=0.367 P=0.037);miR-143与MMP-2、TIMP-1的表达均呈负相关(r依次为-0.442、-0.410,P均<0.05),MMP-2与TIMP-1的表达呈正相关(r=0.794,P=0.000)。结论: miR-143与MMP-2、TIMP-1表达失调共同参与哈萨克族食管癌的发生发展过程,MMP-2和TIMP-1可能是miR-143的靶基因。     

膀胱癌组织中MMP-2与TIMP-2 mRNA的表达及临床意义

Objective:The aim of the study was to investigate the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2(TIMP-2) mRNA in transitional cell carcinomas of bladder and discuss their clinical significances.Methods:Using RT-PCR and real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR) technique,the expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 mRNA of 45 cases of bladder carcinoma(tumor group) and 10 cases of normal bladder tissue(control group) were analyzed.Results:MMP-2 and TIMP-2 were not expressed in control gro...     

哈萨克族食管癌中MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7、TIMP-1和MTA1的表达及其临床病理意义

目的：探讨在新疆哈萨克族食管癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶1、2、7（MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7）、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子1（TIMP-1）和肿瘤转移相关基因1（MTA1）mRNA的表达及其临床意义。方法：采用RT-PCR方法检测75例哈萨克族食管癌标本中MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7、TIMP-1和MTA1 mRNA的表达水平,分析其表达与临床病理特征的关系。结果：MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7、TIMP-1和MTA1 mRNA在哈萨克族食管癌组织中的表达较正常组织增高,差异均具有统计学意义（P均〈0.05）;且MMP-2、MMP-7、MTA1 mRNA的表达与淋巴结转移有关（P〈0.05）,MMP-1、MMP-7 mRNA的表达与临床分期有关（P〈0.05）;TIMP-1与MMP-1、MMP-7、MTA1的表达呈正相关（r=0.446、0.458、0.333,P均〈0.01）。结论：MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7、TIMP-1和MTA1 mRNA表达上调共同参与了哈萨克族食管癌的发生发展过程;MMP-2、MMP-7和MTA1可能是哈萨克族食管癌发生侵袭、转移的主导因素。     

Galectin-3 induces cell migration via a calcium-sensitive MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway

The presence and level of circulating galectin-3 (Gal-3), a member of the galectin family, is associated with diverse diseases ranging from heart failure, immune disorders to cancer metastasis and serves as a biomarker of diagnosis and treatment response. However, the mechanisms by which exogenous Gal-3 affects pathobiology events remain elusive. In the current study, we found that exogenous Gal-3 slightly delays, while prolonging tyrosine phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in HeLa cells through a calcium-sensitive and PKC-dependent signaling pathway. The activation was dependent on the sugar-binding properties of Gal-3, since the antagonist lactose could inhibit it. The sugar-binding motif of Gal-3 was required for the activation of ERK1/2. The activation of ERK1/2 was necessary for the initiation and induction of cell migration associated with the phosphorylation of paxillin. All the results presented in this study suggest a novel calcium-sensitive and PKC-dependent pathway through which circulating Gal-3 promotes cell migration and activating the ERK1/2. Taken together, the data depicted here propose a biological function and a target for the diseases'' associated circulating Gal-3.     

NCOR2 基因通过调控PI3K/AKT 通路促进食管鳞状细胞癌KYSE450细胞迁移和侵袭

目的：探究核受体辅阻遏物2(NCOR2)基因对食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）发生发展的影响及其潜在的分子调控机制。方法:收集2017年5月至2018年7月间在山西省肿瘤医院确诊的155例ESCC患者的癌及癌旁组织标本及临床资料,利用患者的转录组和临床病理数据进行生存预后分析及临床关联性分析。采用qPCR法检测6种ESCC细胞（TE-1、TE-5、TE-9、KYSE150、KYSE180和KYSE450）中NCOR2基因的表达水平,筛选NCOR2基因高表达的KYSE450细胞进行siRNA敲低实验,构建敲降NCOR2的细胞模型。利用CCK-8、克隆形成、细胞划痕和Transwell实验检测敲低NCOR2对KYSE450细胞增殖活性、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭能力的影响。对NCOR2敲低的KYSE450细胞进行转录组测序分析,筛选差异表达基因,进行GO和KEGG富集分析,解析NCOR2可能影响的信号调控网络。结果：NCOR2在ESCC组织中表达水平显著高于癌旁组织（P<0.01）,NCOR2高表达ESCC患者的预后较差（P<0.05）。敲低NCOR2基因表达后,KYSE450细胞划痕愈合...     

人参皂苷Rh2通过Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和EMT

目的:研究人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）的作用以及作用机制。方法:CCK-8法检测人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖的影响;细胞划痕实验检测人参皂苷Rh2对食管癌Eca-109细胞迁移的影响;Western blot检测EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin、Vimentin和Slug的蛋白表达水平。结果:人参皂苷Rh2能够显著抑制Eca-109细胞的增殖,且呈剂量依赖性;此外,人参皂苷Rh2显著抑制E-cadherin、Vimentin和Slug的蛋白表达,并抑制Eca-109细胞迁移;人参皂苷Rh2显著抑制Egr-1、TRL4和mTOR的蛋白表达;进一步的研究结果表明人参皂苷Rh2通过抑制Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109增殖、迁移和EMT。结论:人参皂苷Rh2能够抑制食管癌细胞Eca-109的增殖、迁移和EMT,其作用机制是通过介导Egr-1/TRL4/mTOR信号通路来实现的。这一结果能够为治疗食管癌的进一步研究提供分子基础。     

CTHRC1通过活化FAK-ERK1/2信号通路促进膀胱癌5637细胞迁移和侵袭

目的：探讨胶原三螺旋重复蛋白1(CTHRC1)在膀胱癌组织和细胞中的表达及其对膀胱癌5637细胞迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法：利用TCGA和Arrayexpress数据库中膀胱癌基因表达数据,分析CTHRC1转录和翻译水平。收集2014年9月至2020年12月重庆医科大学附属第一医院手术切除的144例膀胱癌组织和25例全膀胱切除的癌旁组织标本,以及人膀胱癌细胞RT4、5637、T24、UMUC-3、TCCSUP和输尿管上皮永生化细胞SV-HUC-1。采用免疫组织化学染色法、qPCR法和WB法检测膀胱癌组织和细胞中CTHRC1的表达水平,通过Kaplan-Meier曲线分析CTHRC1表达对总生存期（OS）的影响。运用RNAi技术,敲降5637细胞CTHRC1表达后,通过细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测CTHRC1表达下调对5637细胞迁移和侵袭的影响。利用基因集富集分析（GSEA）预测CTHRC1相关的潜在信号通路,WB法检测敲降CTHRC1表达对FAK-ERK1/2通路相关蛋白表达的影响。结果：CTHRC1的转录和翻译水平在肌层浸润性膀胱癌（MIBC）组织和细胞中表达显著上...     

Vascular endothelial growth factor-regulated ovarian cancer invasion and migration involves expression and activation of matrix metalloproteinases

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is elevated in primary ovarian tumors and metastases. We examined the effect of VEGF on epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in vitro invasion and migration and underlying mechanisms. Using the Matrigel invasion assay and colloidal gold phagokinetic track assay, we found that VEGF induced EOC DOV13 invasion and migration in a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent manner. Using Western blotting, we show that VEGF, at 20-80 ng/ml, induced secretion of pro-MMP-7 and pro-MMP-9 and activation of pro-MMP-2 in DOV13 conditioned medium in a concentration-dependent manner. However, gelatinolytic activity and total MMP-7 protein in DOV13 conditioned medium reached the maximum upon VEGF treatment at 20-40 ng/ml and decreased at higher-concentration VEGF treatment (80 ng/ml), as shown by DQ-gelatin degradation assay and ELISA. In addition to the effect on MMP secretion/activation, VEGF stimulated secretion of TIMP-2; and blocking TIMP-2 activity by an anti-TIMP-2 MAb significantly increased VEGF (80 ng/ml)-induced DOV13 invasion (p < 0.05), suggesting that VEGF may regulate MMP-2 activity in DOV13 conditioned medium through TIMP-2. Using real-time PCR, we found that VEGF, at 20 ng/ml, significantly increased the expression of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 by approximately 4-fold and 31-fold, respectively, compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). However, the inducing effect of VEGF on VEGFR-2 expression and the internal expression of VEGF121 in DOV13 cells decreased with increasing of VEGF concentration, suggesting the existence of a negative feedback regulatory mechanism. In summary, our results indicate that VEGF may regulate EOC invasion and migration through VEGFR-mediated secretion and activation of MMPs.     

MicroRNA-10a targets CHL1 and promotes cell growth, migration and invasion in human cervical cancer cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis by regulating their target genes. Here, we found microRNA-10a (miR-10a) is upregulated in human cervical cancer and promotes the colony formation activity, migration and invasion of HeLa and C33A cells. Subsequently, CHL1 is confirmed as a target of miR-10a and is negatively regulated by miR-10a at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, knockdown of CHL1 expression results in increased colony formation activity, migration and invasion. Finally, overexpression of CHL1 lacked the 3'UTR abolished the effects of miR-10a. Our results may provide a strategy for blocking tumor metastasis.     

Recent advances in bone-targeted therapies of metastatic prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting men worldwide, with bone being the most common site of metastasis in patients that progress beyond organ confinement. Bone metastases are virtually incurable and result in significant disease morbidity and mortality. Bone provides a unique microenvironment whose local interactions with tumor cells offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions. Several attractive molecules or pathways have been identified as new potential therapeutic targets for bone metastases caused by metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this review, we present the recent advances in molecular targeted therapies for prostate cancer bone metastasis focusing on therapies that target the bone cells and the bone microenvironment. The therapies covered in this review include agents that inhibit bone resorption, agents that stimulate bone formation, and agents that target the bone matrix. Suggestions to devise more effective molecular targeted therapies are proposed. Hopefully, with better understanding of the biology of the disease and the development of more robust targeted therapies, the survival and quality of life of the affected individuals could be significantly improved.     

臭牡丹总黄酮通过Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路对胃癌SGC7901细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响

目的:探讨臭牡丹总黄酮(total flavone of clerodendrum bungei,TFCB)通过Keap1/Nrf2/ARE信号通路对胃癌SGC7901细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。方法:用臭牡丹总黄酮溶液干预人胃癌SGC7901细胞,然后采用MTT法检测TFCB对SGC7901细胞增殖能力的影响;划痕修复及Transwell小室侵袭实验检测TFCB对SGC7901细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响;Western blot及RT-PCR法检测TFCB对SGC7901细胞Keap1、Nrf2及maf蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。结果:低、中、高剂量组TFCB均显著抑制了SW620细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,随着药物干预浓度的增加,抑制程度逐渐增加。与空白对照组比较,低剂量干预组TFCB处理后Nrf2及maf蛋白相对表达量均显著下降(P＜0.05),Keap1蛋白相对表达量显著升高(P＜0.05),但Keap1、Nrf2及maf mRNA表达量无显著的统计学差异(P＞0.05);高中剂量干预组TFCB处理后Nrf2及maf蛋白及mRNA相对表达量亦显著下降,Keap1蛋白及mRNA表达量显著升高,并且在高中低剂量干预组间Keap1、Nrf2及maf蛋白及mRNA相对表达量均有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。结论:TFCB可明显抑制人胃癌SGC7901细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭,且其作用机制可能与TFCB阻滞Keap1-Nrf2-ARE信号通路的信号传导,抑制通路蛋白及mRNA合成有关。     

Tunicamycin inhibits cell proliferation and migration in hepatocellular carcinoma through suppression of CD44s and the ERK1/2 pathway

Tunicamycin (TM) is an N‐linked glycosylation (NLG) inhibitor with strong antitumor activity, the exact underlying molecular mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. In our previous studies, we found that TM reversed drug resistance and improved the efficacy of combination treatments for hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Here, we investigated the effects of TM on HCC cell proliferation and migration as well as the mechanism of those effects. Our results showed that TM inhibited cell proliferation and migration as well as induced apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. TM inhibited proliferation of HCC cells by inducing cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Meanwhile, TM inhibited migration of HCC cells by suppressing CD44s‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). TM inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells by decreasing CD44 expression and altering its glycosylation. In addition, CD44s is involved in promoting EMT and is associated with a poor prognosis in HCC patients. Overexpression of CD44s promoted tumor migration and activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in HCC cells, whereas TM inhibited CD44s overexpression‐associated cell migration. The ability of TM to inhibit cell migration and invasion was enhanced or reversed in CD44s knockdown cells and cells overexpressing CD44s, respectively. The MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 and TM inhibited hyaluronic acid‐induced cell migration in HCC cells. Furthermore, TM inhibited exogenous transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β)‐mediated EMT by an ERK1/2‐dependent mechanism and restored the TGF‐β‐mediated loss of E‐cadherin. In summary, our study provides evidence that TM inhibits proliferation and migration of HCC cells through inhibition of CD44s and the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.     

HK2通过Akt1/p-Akt1上调Cdc42表达促进宫颈癌细胞迁移和侵袭

目的:探究己糖激酶2（HK2）通过Akt1/p-Akt1/Cdc42促进宫颈癌细胞迁移和侵袭的作用机制。方法:G418压力筛选并获取稳定表达HK2蛋白的HeLa和SiHa细胞系;Western blot和细胞免疫化学鉴定HK2蛋白在HeLa和SiHa细胞系中的表达水平;细胞划痕实验检测HK2对HeLa和SiHa体外划痕愈合能力的影响;Transwell迁移、侵袭实验检测HK2对HeLa和SiHa细胞体外迁移和侵袭能力的影响;GEPIA数据库分别分析宫颈癌中HK2的表达与Akt1、Cdc42表达的相关性;Western blot检测Akt1、p-Akt1、Cdc42蛋白在HK2过表达的HeLa细胞和SiHa细胞中的表达情况;在HK2过表达的HeLa、SiHa细胞中应用Akt1/p-Akt1抑制剂MK2206观察Cdc42的表达及细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化。结果:成功构建HK2稳定表达的HeLa、SiHa细胞系;过表达HK2促进了HeLa、SiHa细胞的划痕愈合能力,促进了HeLa、SiHa细胞的体外迁移和侵袭;GEPIA在线数据库结果显示在宫颈癌中HK2表达与Akt1、Cdc42表达均呈正相关;过表达HK2上调了Akt1、p-Akt1、Cdc42蛋白在HeLa、SiHa细胞中的表达;在HK2过表达HeLa、SiHa细胞中,MK2206的使用抑制了HK2对Cdc42表达上调及细胞迁移和侵袭的促进作用。结论:HK2可能通过Akt1/p-Akt1途径上调Cdc42蛋白的表达促进HeLa和SiHa细胞的迁移和侵袭。     

CCNB1基因通过调控PI3K/Akt信号通路对口腔鳞癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的 探讨细胞周期蛋白B1(CCNB1)基因对口腔鳞癌细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移的影响及作用机制。方法 实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测人正常口腔上皮细胞系HOK和人口腔鳞癌细胞系SCC-15、SCC-4、Cal-27中CCNB1基因的表达量,将CCNB1 siRNA(si-CCNB1)和阴性对照(si-NC)转染至SCC-15细胞,同时设置空白对照(Control),qRT-PCR和Western blot检测各组SCC-15细胞中CCNB1的表达,MTT实验、Transwell实验和划痕实验分别检测沉默CCNB1对SCC-15细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力的影响。Western blot检测细胞中MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、Akt和p-Akt蛋白的表达。结果 CCNB1在口腔鳞癌细胞系中的表达显著高于正常口腔上皮细胞(P＜0.05),si-NC组SCC-15细胞中CCNB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达与Control组无统计学差异(P＞0.05);si-CCNB1组中CCNB1 mRNA和蛋白的表达明显低于si-NC组和Control组(P＜0.05),si-NC组SCC-15细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力及MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达与Control组无统计学差异(P＞0.05);si-CCNB1组细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移能力及MMP-2、MMP-9、PI3K、p-Akt蛋白表达均明显低于si-NC组和Control组(P＜0.05),两组间Akt蛋白表达无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。结论 CCNB1在口腔鳞癌细胞系中呈高表达,沉默CCNB1基因能够抑制人口腔鳞癌SCC-15细胞增殖、侵袭和迁移,其作用机制可能与抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路的激活有关。