参芪扶正注射液对体外循环心脏手术后尿微量蛋白及尿酶的影响

目的观察参芪扶正注射液对体外循环心脏手术后患者尿微量清(白)蛋白(m-Alb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)及N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)的影响。方法二尖瓣置换术患者40例随机分为2组,每组20例。试验组在麻醉前30min静脉滴注参芪扶正注射液250mL、氧合器中加入125mL、术后3d内每日静脉滴注参芪扶正注射液250mL;对照组以等容量平衡液替代参芪扶正注射液。2组均在术前及术后1、3、5、7d测定尿m-Alb、β2-MG及NAG水平。结果2组患者术后1、3、5d尿m-Alb、β2-MG和NAG值均高于术前(P<0.05),且同一时点,试验组均低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后7d,试验组尿m-Alb和β2-MG值已恢复到术前水平,对照组仍然偏高(P<0.05)。2组均无不良反应发生。结论参芪扶正注射液对体外循环心脏手术患者肾脏功能有一定的保护作用。     

复方丹参注射液佐治小儿重症肺炎临床观察

目的观察复方丹参注射液治疗小儿重症肺炎的临床疗效。方法小儿重症肺炎106例,随机分为治疗组55例,对照组51例。治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用复方丹参注射液03ml/kg加入10%葡萄糖溶液50～100ml静脉滴注,每日1次,疗程7～10d。结果治疗组总有效率982%,对照组总有效率725%,两组间差异有显著意义(P<001)。结论复方丹参注射液适用于小儿重症肺炎的治疗,具有辅助治疗作用。     

血塞通、复方丹参注射液治疗心绞痛临床观察

目的评价血塞通和复方丹参注射液治疗心绞痛的疗效。方法选择64例心绞痛患者,随机分成2组,治疗组32例,用5%葡萄糖注射液250ml＋血塞通注射液0.4＋复方丹参注射液20ml1次/d,静脉滴注;对照组仅用5%葡萄糖注射液250ml＋复方丹参注射20ml1次/d,静脉滴注;疗程为10d。结果心绞痛症状疗效总有效率治疗组为93.7%,对照组为71.9%,2组总有效率比较差异有显著性;心电图疗效总有效率治疗组为75.0%,对照组为46.9%,2组总有效率比较差异有显著性。治疗组心率和血压与治疗前比较有显著改善,且改善程度优于对照组。结论血塞通联合复方丹参注射液治疗心绞痛临床疗效优于单独给药,值得临床。     

复方甘草酸苷联合用丹参治疗慢性乙型肝炎110例疗效观察

目的观察复方甘草酸苷联合丹参治疗慢性乙型肝炎的疗效。方法治疗组110例:复方甘草酸苷60ml和丹参20ml分别加入5～10%葡萄糖注射液250ml中静脉滴注,1次/d。对照组:甘草酸二铵30ml和门冬氨酸钾镁20ml分别加入5～10%葡萄糖注射液250ml中静脉滴注,1次/d,疗程均为1个月。治疗结束后进行疗效分析。结果两组比较,治疗组在患者症状、体征、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、草氨酸氨基酸转移酶(AST)、血清胆红素(TBil)方面均优于对照组。结论复方甘草酸苷联合丹参可明显改变慢性乙肝炎的临床症状和肝功能损害,是治疗慢性乙型肝炎的有效联合。     

甘利欣联合美能治疗慢性乙型肝炎疗效观察

目的 探讨甘利欣联合美能治疗慢性乙型肝炎的临床效果.方法 治疗组采用甘利欣注射液150 mg加入10%葡萄糖注射液250 ml中静脉滴注,每日1次,同时联用美能注射液120 mg加入10%葡萄糖注射液250 ml中静脉滴注,每日1次,疗程30 d;对照组-1为单用甘利欣注射液150 mg加入10%葡萄糖注射液250 ml中静脉滴注,每日1次,疗程30 d;对照组-2单用美能注射液120 mg加入10%葡萄糖注射液250 ml中静脉滴注,每日1次,疗程30 d.结果 治疗组与2对照组相比,肝功能指标ALT、T-BIL及肝纤维化指标HA、Ⅳ.C下降更显著(P<0.05),PTA的恢复有效果更明显(P<0.05);纳差、恶心、腹胀、尿黄等症状恢复更快(P<0.05),无严重不良反应发生.结论 甘利欣与美能联合治疗慢性乙型肝炎,能更有效恢复肝功能,改善临床症状,且安全性高.     

甘露醇联用复方丹参注射液治疗高血压头痛疗效观察

目的观察甘露醇联用复方注射液静脉滴注治疗高血压头痛疗效。方法对48例高血压伴头痛患者,分成两组,治疗组26例,用20%甘露醇250 ml快速静脉滴注（约8 ml/min）,30 min左右滴完,后接滴复方丹参注射液20 ml＋5%葡萄糖注射液250 ml,45-60滴/min的速度静脉滴注。对照组24例,用速尿20 mg＋5%葡萄糖注射液40 ml静脉注射后接复方丹参注射液20 ml＋5%葡萄糖注射液250 ml,45-60滴/min静脉滴注。在治疗开始后15、30、45、60 min及滴注完后测量血压、询问头痛情况并作记录。结果治疗组在滴注甘露醇后患者头痛很快减轻,大多数在15 min内明显减轻,30 min内缓解,血压亦有明显下降。与对照组对比见效快,疗效好。结论应用甘露醇联用复方丹参注射液治疗高血压伴头痛患者有快速止痛、良好降低血压的效果。     

醒脑静注射液治疗脑梗塞急性期临床分析

目的:探讨醒脑静注射液治疗脑梗塞急性期(ACI)的临床疗效。方法:50例急性脑梗塞意识障碍患者随机分为两组。对照组25例在常规西医治疗基础上加用复方丹参注射液20ml加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,每日1次;治疗组25例在上述治疗基础上加用醒脑静注射液20ml加入生理盐水250ml静脉滴注,每日1次。两组均以14d为1个疗程,观察临床疗效。结果:治疗组临床总有效率88%,对照组为76%。治疗组疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液对脑梗塞急性期有显著疗效。     

丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果观察

目的比较丹红注射液与复方丹参注射液治疗急性脑梗死的效果。方法将60例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例,治疗组将20mL丹红注射液加入250mL5%葡萄糖或生理盐水中静脉滴注;对照组将20mL复方丹参注射液加入250mL5%葡萄糖液或生理盐水中静脉滴注,两组用法均为1次/d,14d为1个疗程。结果治疗组显效率优于对照组(χ2=4.28,P<0.05),治疗组有效率与对照组的差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.45,P>0.05),治疗组和对照组治疗后神经功能缺损评分值均数均低于治疗前(治疗组t=5.26,对照组t=3.52,P均<0.05)。结论丹红注射液治疗急性脑梗死的效果优于复方丹参注射液,值得推广应用。     

银杏达莫注射液治疗急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的 观察评价银杏达莫注射液(杏丁注射液)治疗急性脑梗死的疗效.方法 将80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为银杏达莫观察组和复方丹参对照组各40例.观察组:银杏达莫注射液20ml,加入生理盐水250ml,每日一次,静脉滴注14d,对照组:复方丹参注射液20ml,加入生理盐水250ml,每日一次,静脉滴注14d,治疗前后做神经功能缺损程度评分,查血液流变学指标.结果 观察组较对照组治疗前后总分显著下降(P＜0.05),显效率观察组(67.5%)显著高于对照组(40%)(P＜0.05),血液流变学指标改善.结论 银杏达莫注射液可以改善脑血液流变学及脑梗死症状,疗效优于复方丹参,是治疗急性脑梗死的有效药物.     

舒血宁注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞39例临床观察

目的观察应用舒血宁注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞的临床疗效。方法 39例视网膜静脉阻塞患者按照随机数字表法分为两组,对照组:应用复方丹参注射液20ml加入5%葡萄糖注射液250ml中,静脉滴注,每日1次,14天为1疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。治疗组:应用舒血宁注射液20ml加入5%葡萄糖注射液250ml中,静脉滴注,每日1次,14天为1疗程,连续治疗2个疗程。两组病例均辅以维生素C、复方芦丁口服。对于并发高血压、糖尿病患者则进行对症治疗。治疗结束后观察两组病例的临床症状改善情况,并进行视力、眼底、眼底荧光造影及血液流变学检查,于疗程结束后行疗效评估。结果治疗组总有效率为85.0%,对照组总有效率为68.4%,治疗组临床疗效明显高于对照组,二者相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组治疗后对数视力明显提高(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,治疗组血液流变学有关指标全血黏度低切、全血黏度高切以及红细胞压积亦下降明显,具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论采用舒血宁注射液治疗视网膜静脉阻塞,治疗效果优于复方丹参注射液治疗。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

---

Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.