山西体育教育专业学生田径运动损伤调查与分析

目的:分析体育教育专业学生在田径运动中损伤的一般规律,并寻找预防和减少损伤的措施。方法:于2002-03/09以山西师范大学体育学院、山西大学体育学院、吕梁高等专科学校体育系、雁北师范学院体育系、晋中师范专科学校体育系、运城学院体育系、华北工学院体育系、太原师范学院体育系、忻州师范学院体育系9所学籍1～4年级的体育教育专业学生389人为调查对象。采用问卷与实地访问相结合的方法进行调查。问卷内容包括:损伤时间、时段、季节、项目、部位、性质、原因、损伤后影响程度及采取的措施,对损伤的认知程度。要求学生根据实际情况回答。问卷当场收回。结果:发放问卷400份,回收396份,回收率99%,合格问卷389份,有效率98.2%。①在调查的389人中,有多人不同程度的多次损伤。主要发生在一年级第二学期和二年级第一学期。男子损伤率高于女子(81.9%,58.6%,P<0.05)。损伤时段在学习动作技术时占40.4%(157人次),在训练中占24.7%(96人次)。损伤主要在春季(110人次,占28.3%)和冬季(123人次,占31.6%)最为普遍。②田径运动损伤主要发生在跳跃项目中,男子损伤率分别为跳远19.5%、跳高19.2%、三级跳远16.2%,女子为跳高26.8%、三级跳远15.4%、跳远12.2%。跨栏项目略低于跳跃项目,其次是投掷项目。跑步项目损伤率最低。③损伤部位主要是距小腿关节,男子损伤率40%、女子40.6%。其次是膝关节,男子19.5%、女子23.4%。④损伤性质以关节扭伤、肌肉拉伤、劳损、挫伤、骨膜炎者居多,男子分别为(33.1%,23.4%,14.7%,11.8%,8.4%)、女子分别为(29.7%,27.3%,21.9%,6.3%,7.8%)。⑤损伤主要原因有:准备活动不足(男子占22.1%,女子占18.8%);场地器材不良(男子占19.5%、女子占15.6%);技术动作不合理错误(男子占17.4%、女子占23%);疲劳(男子占12.1%女子占14.1%)。⑥损伤影响运动程度,男子严重损伤明显高于女子(190/50.0,61/47.7,P<0.05);女子中度损伤高于男子(17/13.3,50/13.1,P<0.01);女子轻度损伤明显高于男子(50/39.0,140/36.9,P<0.05)。⑦损伤后采取的措施主要是自然恢复。女子明显高于男子(80/65.0,160/60.2,P<0.05)。保健恢复男子明显高于女子(106/39.8,43/35.0,P<0.05)。⑧损伤前对损伤的认识情况对多半是不了解,女子明显高于男子(166/62.4,79/64.2,P<0.05)。结论:运动损伤的发生率在大学一年级、二年级显著,损伤率与运动项目、损伤部位有很大的关系,跳跃、投掷项目最高,跨栏类次之。踝关节为损伤多发部位。关节扭伤居多。主要原因为准备活动不足、场地器材不良、技术动作不合理。建议尽早开设体育保健课程、运动训练课程,以强化学生自我预防意识与能力,培养学生的专业意识,提高学生的专业基本素质,以预防、减少不必要的田径运动损伤发生。     

山东省大学生篮球运动员运动损伤现状调查

目的：调查山东省大学生篮球运动员在训练比赛中造成损伤的发生率及损伤部位、性质、原因，损伤后的处理办法。方法：于2005—12—15，以参加第十二届山东省的14所高校学籍1～4年的在校男、女篮球运动员260人为调查对象，采用问卷与实地访问相结合的方法进行调查。主要调查内容为篮球运动员的损伤原因、性质、易损部位等。结果：共发放问卷260份，回收有效问卷228份。①在调查的228人（男120人，女108人）中，有许多人不同程度的多次损伤，总的损伤次数为629人次，其中男子385人次，女子244人次，男子高于女子（P〈0．05）。损伤主要发生在一、二、三年级。②男子损伤部位主要是距小腿关节损伤69．1％，其次是膝关节和手指挫伤，为62．5％和54．1％；女子损伤部位主要是手指关节挫伤（69．4％），其次是距小腿关节和膝关节（62．5％、39．8％）。这些位置的损伤与篮球运动技术密切相关，呈正相关（男：r=0．721，女：r=0．621，P均〈0．01）。③损伤性质为慢性损伤略多于急性性损伤（53．1％，46．9％），而急性损伤以挫伤、关节韧带扭伤肌肉拉伤者居多；慢性损伤以髌骨软骨软化症、髌腱腱围炎、半月板损伤、腰肌劳损为多，尤其以腰肌劳损和髌骨劳损发生率为高，分别是34．0％，26．0％。④损伤主要原因有：疲劳（男子占36．7％、女子占22．2％）；准备活动不充分（男子占28.3％、女子占38．0％）；场地器材不良（男子占20％、女子占18．5％）；精力不集中（男子占13.3％、女子占13．9％）。（黝在急性损伤后采取现场采取冷敷与处理的男运动员占损伤运动员的67．0％，而女运动员只占25．9％。结论：①运动损伤的发生率在大一、二、三年级较大。②男子损伤率高于女子。③手指挫伤，距小腿关节、膝关节是发生运动损伤的主要部位。     

山东省大学生篮球运动员运动损伤现状调查

目的:调查山东省大学生篮球运动员在训练比赛中造成损伤的发生率及损伤部位、性质、原因,损伤后的处理办法。方法:于2005-12-15,以参加第十二届山东省的14所高校学籍1～4年的在校男、女篮球运动员260人为调查对象,采用问卷与实地访问相结合的方法进行调查。主要调查内容为篮球运动员的损伤原因、性质、易损部位等。结果:共发放问卷260份,回收有效问卷228份。①在调查的228人(男120人,女108人)中,有许多人不同程度的多次损伤,总的损伤次数为629人次,其中男子385人次,女子244人次,男子高于女子(P<0.05)。损伤主要发生在一、二、三年级。②男子损伤部位主要是距小腿关节损伤69.1%,其次是膝关节和手指挫伤,为62.5%和54.1%;女子损伤部位主要是手指关节挫伤(69.4%),其次是距小腿关节和膝关节(62.5%、39.8%)。这些位置的损伤与篮球运动技术密切相关,呈正相关(男:r=0.721,女:r=0.621,P均<0.01)。③损伤性质为慢性损伤略多于急性性损伤(53.1%,46.9%),而急性损伤以挫伤、关节韧带扭伤肌肉拉伤者居多;慢性损伤以髌骨软骨软化症、髌腱腱围炎、半月板损伤、腰肌劳损为多,尤其以腰肌劳损和髌骨劳损发生率为高,分别是34.0%,26.0%。④损伤主要原因有:疲劳(男子占36.7%、女子占22.2%);准备活动不充分(男子占28.3%、女子占38.0%);场地器材不良(男子占20%、女子占18.5%);精力不集中(男子占13.3%、女子占13.9%)。⑤在急性损伤后采取现场采取冷敷与处理的男运动员占损伤运动员的67.0%,而女运动员只占25.9%。结论:①运动损伤的发生率在大一、二、三年级较大。②男子损伤率高于女子。③手指挫伤,距小腿关节、膝关节是发生运动损伤的主要部位。     

不同运动项目对脑干听觉诱发电位的影响

目的：探讨不同运动项目对脑干听觉诱发电位各指标影响的规律,以便将其在体育科学领域中推广应用.方法：于2005-04/07选择山东师范大学在校健康大学生志愿者175人为实验对象.采用NDI-200（海神号）神经电检诊仪对体育系学生（n=125）及普通系学生（n=50）的脑干听觉诱发电位进行记录分析,并进行横向比较研究.结果：175人均完成测试,全部进入结果分析.①体育系学生左右耳脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅲ波及Ⅴ波的潜伏期均明显长于普通系学生（P＜0.05）;左右耳脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅰ～Ⅲ波及Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的峰间期较普通系学生明显延长（P＜0.05）.②体育系及普通系学生左右耳脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅰ波、Ⅱ波的潜伏期以及Ⅰ～Ⅲ波的峰间期均存在有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.③与普通系学生相比,田径专项学生脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅲ波、Ⅴ波的潜伏期,Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的峰间期显著延长（P＜0.05）;球类专项学生脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ波的潜伏期,Ⅰ～Ⅲ波、Ⅰ～Ⅴ波的峰间期显著延长（P＜0.05）;与田径专项学生相比,球类专项学生脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅲ波的潜伏期显著延长（P＜0.05）.④体育系学生,不管是田径项目还是球类项目的学生,其左右耳听觉反应时明显短于普通系学生（P＜0.01）.⑤无论是田径专项或是球类专项学生的听觉反应时较普通系学生显著缩短（P＜0.05）.结论：长期的体育运动可提高上橄榄体的信息加工处理能力,球类运动对其的影响较田径运动更加明显.     

任务工单和项目综合实训在外科护理教学中的应用

目的：探讨任务工单和项目综合实训在外科护理教学中的应用效果.方法：在同一专业同一年级随机抽取1个班为试验组,1个班为对照组.对照组外科护理采用传统模式教学,试验组应用自编的任务工单和项目综合实训.学期末,对两班给予相同难度的理论考试,并进行问卷调查.结果：试验组外科护理理论考试成绩高于对照组（P＜0.05）,在调查问卷各项目中评价效果也高于对照组（P＜0.01）.结论：在外科护理教学中应用任务工单和项目综合实训有利于培养护理专业学生的综合职业能力.     

河南省新乡市参与健康体检的504名警察高血压患病情况调查

目的：分析河南新乡市部分警察高血压患病情况及探讨原因.方法：①收集2003-08在新乡市第一人民医院肾脏内科进行健康体检的警察504名,男431名,女73名,年龄18～76岁.均对检测项目知情同意.②采用血压测量仪测定纳入对象血压.血压分类标准：理想血压：＜120/80mmHg（1mm Hg=0.133 kPa）,正常血压：120～129/g0～84mm Hg,正常高值血压：130～139/85～89 mm Hg,1级高血压：140～159/90～99mm Hg,2级高血压：160～179/100～109 mm Hg,3级高血压：≥180/110 mm Hg,单纯收缩期高血压：≥140/＜90 mm Hg.③计数资料比较采用x^2检验和趋势x^2检验.结果：警察504名均进入结果分析.①血压水平分布：男性理想血压、正常血压明显低于女性（4.64%,17.40%;20.55%,27.40%,x^2=24.445,4.078,P＜0.01,0.05）,3级高血压构成比明显高于女性（11.14%,274%,x^2=4.926,P＜0.05）.男女间其余各层血压水平差异不明显.②高血压患病率：504名中检出高血压314名（62.3%）,其中男性患病率明显高于女性（65.4%,43.84%,x^2=12.394,P＜0.01）;45岁以下男性高血压患病率明显高于女性（P＜0.05,0.01）,而45岁以上男、女高血压患病率无明显差异（P＞0.05）.男、女高血压患病率均有随年龄增加而增高的趋势（x^2=50.387,36.089,P＜0.01）.③高血压分级构成比：314例高血压中1级高血压占53.2%,2级高血压占30.9%,3级高血压占15.9%.1级高血压随年龄增加而呈下降趋势（x^2=5.06,＜0.05）,2,3级高血压随年龄增加而呈上升趋势（x^2=6.78,5.12,P＜0.05）.结论：新乡市45岁以下男性警察高血压患病情况较女性差;高血压患病情况有随年龄增加而增多的趋势.     

济南市互助献血者血液检验结果分析

目的 比较互助献血者与无偿献血者血液检测结果,为无偿献血招募工作提供理论依据.方法 对2 665人次互助献血者和32 108人次自愿无偿献血者血液检测结果进行比较,用SPSS17.0统计软件进行x2检验.结果 互助组总不合格率高于自愿组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）;ALT不合格率互助组高于自愿组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.005）,HBV不合格率互助组略低于自愿组,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,HCV、HIV、TP不合格率互助组低于自愿组,差异有统计学意义（分别为P＜0.005,P＜0.05,P＜0.005）.结论 互助献血者血液检测不合格率要高于自愿无偿献血者,要加强献血前筛查和管理,使之向健康方向发展.     

交通警察心理健康与职业倦怠应付方式的相关性

目的 探讨一线交通警察的心身健康状况及其与职业倦怠、应对方式的关系.方法 对73名一线交通警察（研究组）及53名非一线交通警察（对照组）采用健康状况问卷、职业倦怠普适量表和应付方式问卷进行测评分析.结果 研究组健康状况问卷的情感职能维度分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）,躯体疼痛因子分显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）.研究组健康状况问卷的一般健康状况、精神健康维度分与职业倦怠普适量表的低成就感因子分呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,健康变化维度分与情绪衰竭、玩世不恭维度分呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与低成就感维度分呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）;精神健康维度分与应付方式问卷的问题解决维度分呈显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与自责维度分呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）.回归分析显示,问题解决、自责是一线交通警察心理健康的主要影响因素.结论 一线交通警察心身健康状况与职业倦怠交互影响,积极的应付方式有利于维护其心理健康.     

美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗帕金森病痴呆患者临床研究

：目的：探讨美金刚联合多奈哌齐治疗帕金森病痴呆的临床效果。方法：选取2020年2~10月收治的138例帕金森病痴呆患者,通过随机抽签法分为常规组（69例）与实验组（69例）。常规组给予多奈哌齐治疗,实验组给予多奈哌齐联合美金刚治疗。对比两组临床疗效、治疗前后两组血清脑源性神经营养因子和表皮生长因子水平、治疗前后两组生活质量问卷评分、不良反应发生率。结果：实验组总有效率94.20%（65/69）高于常规组82.61%（57/69）（P＜0.05）;实验组治疗后脑源性神经营养因子、表皮生长因子水平高于常规组（P＜0.05）;实验组治疗后生活质量问卷评分小于常规组（P＜0.05）;实验组不良反应发生率7.25%（5/69）与常规组4.35%（3/69）比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论：美金刚联合多奈哌齐疗效显著,可改善帕金森病痴呆患者生活质量,提高脑源性神经营养因子、表皮生长因子水平,不良反应少。     

71例不孕症患者婚姻调适与医学应对方式分析

目的探讨不孕症患者婚姻调适度与医学应对方式,为临床开展心理干预提供依据。方法采用Locke-Wollance婚姻调适测定量表与医学应对问卷,对71例不孕症已婚患者进行测评,并与量表常模比较。结果71例不孕症患者婚姻调适总分（100.61±14.51）分,其中婚姻失调34例,占48%;婚姻调适良好37例,占52%;婚姻调适良好组中,婚龄≤5年的患者占多数（29/37,78%）。医学应对问卷评分中,本组的面对维度得分低于国内常模（P＜0.05）,回避得分高于国内常模（P＜0.01）,屈服得分与常模相近（P＞0.05）。结论不孕症患者的家庭婚姻失调比例占半数,其积极应对方式不足;提示应早期对其进行心理干预,积极探索应对指导策略,以促进其家庭和睦,提高不孕症患者的应对能力,缓解其身心压力。     

Measurement of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines in body fluids and tissues in children and in adults

We have developed a reliable and validated radio-enzymatic method for the assay of L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, using a modification of existing methods. The sensitivity of the assay is 10 mumol/l using 10 microliters of plasma or urine. It is also suitable for measurements of carnitine in a 10 mg sample of liver or muscle obtained by percutaneous biopsy. The use of N-ethylmaleimide in the reaction mixture together with an excess of [1-14C]acetyl CoA ensures that the reaction proceeds to completion and a linear response is obtained. Using this method control ranges have been established for plasma and urine carnitine concentrations in healthy children and adults, and for the carnitine content of liver and muscle in adults. No significant difference was found between fasting and post-prandial plasma carnitine levels. An age-related increase was found in urinary total carnitine and acylcarnitine concentration throughout childhood. These data provide a reliable basis for studies of patients with abnormal carnitine and acylcarnitine metabolism, distribution and excretion.     

Rosamicin in Urethral and Vaginal Secretions and Tissues in Dogs and Rats

In animal studies we investigated the distribution of rosamicin in plasma and urethral and vaginal tissues in rats as well as in urethral and vaginal secretions in dogs. We found concentration ratios between urethral secretion and plasma of 1.9 and between vaginal secretion and plasma of 2.4. The rosamicin concentrations in urethral and vaginal tissue significantly exceeded the levels of all other tissues investigated. Because rosamicin could be valuable for the treatment of bacterial urethritis and the colonization of the vaginal introitus with fecal bacteria in women, it should be investigated clinically in this respect.     

Similarities and differences in clients treated and in medications prescribed by APRNs and psychiatrists in a CMHC

This study is part of a larger study comparing prescribing practices of psychiatrists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses (APRNs) using the following three groups of patients: patients treated by psychiatrists, those treated by APRNs, and those treated by both APRNs and psychiatrists at different times in 1 year. Demographics for 5507 patients were examined. A subsample of APRNs and psychiatrists prescribed similar total numbers of medications. Psychiatrists prescribed more types of antidepressant medications other than the SSRI antidepressants, and they prescribed more than twice the number of benzodiazepines. APRNs prescribed more SSRIs and spent more time with clients during medication visits.     

Racial differences in oxidative stress and inflammation: in vitro and in vivo

African American race is an independent risk factor for enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. We sought to examine whether oxidative-stress and inflammatory markers that are typically measured in humans also differ by race in cell culture. We compared levels between African American and Caucasian young adults and then separately in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from both races. We found heightened oxidative stress and inflammation in the African Americans both in vitro and in vivo. African American HUVECs showed higher nitric oxide (NO) levels (10.8 ± 0.4 vs. 8.8 ± 0.7 μmol/L/mg, p = 0.03), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (61.7 ± 4.2 vs. 23.9 ± 9.0 pg/mg, p = 0.02), and lower superoxide dismutase activity (15.6 ± 3.3 vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 U/mg, p = 0.04), and also higher protein expression (p < 0.05) of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox, isoforms NOX2 and NOX4, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), inducible NOS, as well as IL-6. African American adults had higher plasma protein carbonyls (1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 nmol/mg, p = 0.01) and antioxidant capacity (2.3 ± 0.2 vs. 1.1 ± 0.3 mM, p = 0.01). These preliminary translational data demonstrate a racial difference in HUVECs much like that in humans, but should be interpreted with caution given its preliminary nature. It is known that racial differences exist in how humans respond to development and progression of disease, therefore these data suggest that ethnicity of cell model may be important to consider with in vitro clinical research.     

Postural strategies and falls in elderly and in parkinsonism]

OBJECTIVE: To use a posture analysis to show the evolution of postural pattern connected with falls.MATERIAL AND METHOD: It is a prospective study on two groups of 16 persons of more than 60 years. A group concerns 16 small disability off drug parkinsonian patients, a group concerns 16 healthy witnesses. All the persons benefited from a posture recording by means of a force platform and were followed during 1 year. RESULTS: Data analysis underlines three groups of persons corresponding to three postural patterns, independently of the presence of Parkinson disease. A group (n = 18) did not contain fallers, the second (n = 10 ) contained 20% of fallers, the third (n = 4) contained 100% of fallers. Differences between the groups were identified on 16 posturographic parameters. DISCUSSION: A group has a good functional value and one does not record any fall. Its characteristics, which correspond to a category of persons who compensate well for the phenomena of ageing, are found in the literature. A group has an intermediate functional value and regrets 20% of fallers. Kinetic profile reveals a tendency to the stiffness of the posture. This group is going to operate rather ankle strategies. A group has an inferior functional value and regrets 100% of fallers. Kinetic profile seems disrupted and not to be able to adapt itself in a satisfactory way to the situation otherwise than by stereotypical reactions. This group is going to operate systematically much less stabilizing hip strategies. CONCLUSION: A close determinism between physiological neuromotor ageing and Parkinson disease does exist. We showed with a prospective follow-up, the arisen of fall and showed the evolution of postural patterns related to fall. It appears as well that evolution mainly follows three stages leading from a small risk of fall gait pattern to a major risk of fall gait pattern.