抗肿瘤药物Aurora激酶抑制剂

有丝分裂过程的偏差会导致基因组的不稳定,从而引发肿瘤。肿瘤细胞中异常表达的多种有丝分裂调节蛋白,有可能成为有效的治疗靶点,如激酶Aurora-A、Aurora-B和Aurora-C。某些小分子抑制剂对上述激酶具有阻断作用,从而有可能达到治疗肿瘤的目的。     

Aurora激酶抑制剂研究进展

Aurora激酶是细胞有丝分裂相关的一类丝氧酸/苏氨酸激酶,在细胞周期调控中起着重要的作用,研究发现Aurora激酶在多数血液恶性肿瘤和实体瘤中均高表达,表明Aurora激酶是抗肿瘤药物研究的重要新靶点之一.本文主要围绕Aurora家族的三个成员,对其生物学功能及其与肿瘤的关系、抑制剂的研究进展及其研究策略进行综述.     

Aurora激酶抑制剂的研究进展

在有丝分裂的过程中,Aurora激酶参与纺锤体形成,中心体成熟,染色体分化和胞质分裂.Aurora激酶的过度表达或分化易导致有丝分裂异常,与形成肿瘤的基因组不稳定性密切相关.以Aurora激酶为靶点设计、合成的药物已成为近年来肿瘤药物治疗的研究热点.本文综述了已经进入临床研究的Aurora小分子抑制剂在临床前、临床的研究进展.     

Aurora激酶及其抑制剂研究状态综述

Aurora激酶家族是苏氨酸/丝氨酸激酶,在有丝分裂的染色体排列,分离和胞质分裂中起重要作用。最近的研究发现,Aurora激酶在大量人类实体瘤和血液恶性肿瘤中过表达,表明其是开发抗肿瘤药物的重要靶点。本文就近几年国内外对Aurora激酶的研究,对Aurora激酶的生物学功能、与肿瘤的关系及其抑制剂的研究进展进行综述。     

Aurora激酶抑制剂研究进展

Aurora激酶家族是细胞有丝分裂期重要的调节因子,可影响细胞周期进程,是抗肿瘤药物的新靶点。简述Aurora激酶的生物学和与肿瘤发生发展的关系,重点介绍Aurora激酶抑制剂的结构类型和构效关系。     

新型肿瘤治疗药物--酪氨酸激酶抑制剂

酪氨酸激酶介导的信号转导与肿瘤发生发展直接相关,针对这一途径研发药物已成为当前抗肿瘤治疗的热点,并且取得了重要进展.该文综述酪氨酸激酶的作用机制、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的临床应用现状及其存在的问题.     

有丝分裂关键激酶抑制剂的研究进展

目的综述有丝分裂关键激酶抑制剂近年来的研究进展。方法根据已报道的有丝分裂中关键激酶抑制剂的文献,将对有丝分裂过程中与肿瘤发生联系密切的激酶抑制剂,如Aurora激酶抑制剂、CDK(cyclin-dependent kinase)激酶抑制剂、PLK(Polo-like kinase)激酶抑制剂、CHK(check-point kinase)激酶抑制剂等目前的研究进展进行综述。结果有丝分裂关键激酶抑制剂已在临床前研究及临床研究中显示出很好的抗肿瘤活性。结论随着研究的不断深入,有丝分裂关键激酶抑制剂将在肿瘤治疗中发挥更大的作用。     

蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展

目的综述蛋白酪氨酸激酶(protein tyrosine kinase,PTK)抑制剂类抗肿瘤药物的研究进展。方法根据已报道的PTK抑制剂的相关文献,将其分为国外已经上市、国外处于临床研究和我国自主研发的PTK抑制剂进行具体介绍。结果 PTK在细胞内的信号转导中起着重要的作用,与肿瘤细胞的生长、增殖、分化和凋亡密切相关,目前已经有多种结构的PTK抑制剂类抗肿瘤药物上市或进入临床研究。结论随着PTK的作用机制及构效关系研究的不断深入,该类药物终将成为治疗肿瘤的有效药物。     

Aurora激酶抑制剂VX-680对头颈肿瘤细胞增殖的影响

目的:MTT法分析Aurora激酶抑制剂,vx-680,对细胞株TSCCa,Tca8113,KB,CNE2生长增殖的影响。方法不同浓度的vx-680作用TSCCa,Tca8113,KB,CNE224h后MTT法检测细胞株TSCCa,Tca8113,KB,CNE2生长增殖情况,计算半数抑制浓度。结果vx-680效抑制TSCCa,Tca8113,KB,CNE2细胞株增殖,半数抑制浓度分别为8.78,6.53,3.35,6.93nM。结论初次阐述Aurora激酶抑制剂在体外可以有效抑制头颈肿瘤细胞的生长增殖的影响。     

蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展

蛋白酪氨酸激酶（PTK）抑制剂是一类作用于细胞信号转导通路的分子靶向药物,针对特定靶点发挥抗肿瘤作用。目前已有十余种蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂上市,且它们在多种实体瘤的治疗中显示出较好的疗效。该文对近年来蛋白酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的研究进展做简要综述。     

Structural studies of B-type Aurora kinase inhibitors using computational methods

Aim:

To characterize the structural features of quinazoline-based Aurora B inhibitors that influence its inhibitor activity.

Methods:

Two geometrical methods, Method 1 and Method 2, were used to develop the 3D-QSAR models. The most active ligand was used as the template for the alignment of all the ligands in Method 1, and a conformer of the cocrystal ligand was used as the template for the alignment of all the ligands in Method 2.

Results:

The models suggest that highly active ligands can be designed by varying the R1 substituent at position 7 of the quinazoline ring with positively charged, bulky, hydrophobic groups, while bulky and hydrophobic groups around the thiazole ring are desirable for higher activity.

Conclusion:

This study emphasizes that the bioactive conformer is rather different from the minima. The steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic field effects contribute to its inhibitory activity.     

Aurora kinase A inhibitors: promising agents in antitumoral therapy

Introduction: Aurora proteins are serine/threonine kinases with critical functions during mitosis. Aurora A, one of the members of this family, participates in crucial processes including mitotic entry, DNA damage checkpoint recovery and centrosome and spindle maturation. Aurora A is frequently overexpressed in human cancers and, when inhibited, impairs cell proliferation.

Areas covered: Here, we review the preclinical studies that support the use of Aurora A inhibitors in antitumoral strategies. We also discuss past or current clinical trials using Aurora A inhibitors in multiple tumor types. We pay special attention to Alisertib, a potent and selective Aurora A inhibitor currently in Phase III.

Expert opinion: The potential of Aurora A inhibitors in the treatment of cancer depends on many factors, mainly related with the molecular status of tumor cells. Yet, we still need to find proper biomarkers to select those patients that better react to Aurora A inhibitors. Furthermore, their effect could significantly improve when used in combination with other drugs. Although some clinical trials are already testing the cooperative effect of different antitumoral drugs, additional preclinical studies are necessary to establish the best combinations. Here, we discuss some possibilities that could be explored in future studies.     

Aurora激酶及其抑制剂的研究进展

目的 从结构出发介绍Aurora激酶及其抑制剂的研究进展。方法 总结 Aurora激酶抑制剂骨架特征和结合模式,以及进入临床的Aurora激酶抑制剂的研究进展。结果和结论 Aurora激酶家族是肿瘤治疗的一个新兴靶标。腺嘌呤骨架可能是设计高活性Aurora激酶抑制剂的重要母核。     

Raf激酶抑制剂研究进展

目的探讨近年来有关Raf激酶抑制剂的研究进展。方法在查阅大量文献的基础上,总结了近年来有关Raf激酶抑制剂的结构类型及临床应用。结果许多Raf激酶抑制剂在早期临床研究中具有独特的抑制活性。结论 Raf激酶抑制剂具有良好的临床应用前景。     

An update on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alisertib,a selective Aurora kinase A inhibitor

Human Aurora kinases, including Aurora kinase A (AURKA), B (AURKB), and C (AURKC), play an essential role in mitotic events such as monitoring of the mitotic checkpoint, creation of bipolar mitotic spindle and alignment of centrosomes on it, also regulating centrosome separation, bio‐orientation of chromosomes and cytokinesis. AURKA and AURKB are key regulators of mitosis and centrosome via polymerizing microfilaments and controlling chromatid segregation. In particular, AURKA plays critical roles in the regulation of mitotic entry, centrosome function, bipolar spindle assembly, and chromosome segregation. AURKA has been found to be overexpressed in various solid and haematological cancers and has been linked with poor prognosis. Its important role in cancer initiation, growth, and metastasis has brought the focus to search for potent and selective AURKA inhibitors for cancer treatment. MLN8237, also known as alisertib, is one selective AURKA inhibitor that has shown remarkable anticancer effects in preclinical studies. Alisertib exhibits favourable pharmacokinetic properties. Alisertib has generally showed good partial response rates of 4–52% and good safety profiles in Phase I and II trials when it is solely administered as well as combined with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic drugs. Recently, the multicentre, randomized Phase III study of alisertib in patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T‐cell lymphoma has been discontinued due to unsatisfactory efficacy. The low risk of side effects, accessibility, and effectiveness of alisertib makes it a new promising anticancer therapy and further mechanistic and clinical studies are warranted.