国产与进口氯丙咪嗪双盲交叉对照治疗强迫症

用国产与进口氯丙咪嗪及安慰剂给26例强迫症病人作双盲交叉自身对照治疗,按开放型双向序贯 t 检验方法逐个试验,至第10例时便获得结论,此二种产品在临床疗效及副反应方面基本相同。     

氯丙咪嗪合并暴露疗法与单用氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的对照研究

目的：探讨药物合并行为治疗强迫症的效果。方法：将符合CCMD－2－R强迫症诊断标准的28例病人,随机分成两组,14例在氯丙咪嗪治疗的基础上联用暴露疗法做为研究组,另14例单用氯丙咪嗪 治疗做为对照组,均系统治疗8周,用耶鲁－布朗强迫症量表（Y－BOCS）减分率评定两组治疗的疗效,结果;氯丙咪嗪合并暴露疗法组的疗效优单用氯丙咪嗪组,尤其是在控制强迫行为方面更为突出。结论：氯丙咪嗪合并暴露疗法尤其适用于以强迫行为为主的强迫症病人。     

帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的疗效比较

据报道，抑制剂帕罗西汀是治疗强迫症的一线药物。为此，我们进行了帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的疗效比较，现将结果报告于后。     

帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症对照研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀治疗强迫症的疗效和不良反应。方法应用帕罗西汀和氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症各30例,应用Yale-Brown强迫量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)及临床4级标准评定疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)评定副反应。结果帕罗西汀与氯丙咪嗪疗效相似,两组显效率及有效率差异无显著性,帕罗西汀不良反应发生率明显少于氯丙咪嗪。结论帕罗西汀治疗强迫症疗效与氯丙咪嗪相当,不良反应较轻,值得推广。     

氯硝西泮,氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的自身对照研究

目的 探讨氯硝西泮治疗强迫症的疗效。方法 以氯丙咪嗪为抗强迫标准药物与氯硝西泮进行自身交叉对照研究。在治疗前后分别进行Y—BOCS、SDS、SAS量表及临床疗效评定。结果 氯硝西泮疗效显著差于氯丙咪嗪,且治疗前后氯丙咪嗪组SDS、SAS量表评分有显著差异,而氯硝西泮组则否。治疗期间两药副作用发生率未见显著差异(P>0.05)。结论 氯硝西泮治疗强迫症显著差异于氯丙咪嗪。     

氯丙咪嗪合并利培酮治疗强迫症的对照研究

目的探讨利培酮对于氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的增效作用。方法将70例强迫症随机分为2组,氯丙咪嗪同时合并利培酮和单独使用氯丙咪嗪治疗,治疗8周。采用强迫症量表(Y-BOCS)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效。结果合并利培酮组有31例完成试验,氯丙咪嗪组有32例完成试验。治疗8周后,两组Y-BOCS平均总分有明显下降,合并利培酮组优于氯丙咪嗪组,两组无显著性差异(P<0.05);HAMA、HAMD的评分均显著下降,两组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论合并利培酮对于氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症有增效作用。     

氯丙咪嗪联合电休克治疗强迫症24例分析

目的探讨药物与电休克（ECT）治疗强迫症的疗效。方法将符合CCMD-2-R强迫症诊断标准的病人随机分为2组，24例采用氯丙咪嗪联合ECT作为研究组，24例单用氯丙咪嗪作为对照组，均治疗8周，用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-24）评定临床疗效，用不良反应症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果氯丙咪嗪联合电休克组疗效明显优于氯丙咪嗪组。结论氯丙咪嗪联合电休克治疗强追症起效快，疗效肯定，且不良反应轻微。     

氟西汀与氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症对照研究

用盐酸氟西汀和氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症３６例，通过对照观察，发现两药疗效相近，而副反应氟西汀明显比氯丙咪嗪少且轻微，并且有日服剂量小，给药方法简便等优点。     

奥氮平合并氯丙咪嗪治疗精神分裂症强迫症状的对照研究

目的了解国产奥氮平合并氯丙咪嗪治疗伴强迫症状的分裂症的疗效和副反应。方法对伴强迫症状的分裂症随机分为研究组和对照组，研究组用奥氮平合并氯丙咪嗪，对照组单用奥氮平，治疗周期均为8周。用PANSS、Y—BOCS评定疗效，TESS评定副反应。结果治疗8周末两组PANSS总分和各因子分与治疗前比较均明显下降（P〈0．01），且两组治疗2、4、8周末PANSS总分及其因子分的减分率差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但Y—BOCS总分和其因子分减分率研究组显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。两组治疗后分裂症症状有效率、显效率、痊愈率比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05），但强迫症状有效率、显效率、痊愈率差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。研究组治疗后TESS总分较对照组高（P〈0．05）。结论奥氮平合并氯丙咪嗪治疗伴强迫症状的分裂症疗效肯定，副反应能够耐受，可作为治疗伴强迫症状分裂症的一个较好选择。     

氯硝西泮和氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的自身对照研究

目的 探讨氯硝西泮治疗强迫症的疗效。方法 以氯丙咪嗪为抗强迫标准药物，与氯硝西泮进行自身的交叉对照研究。在治疗前后分别进行Ｙ－ＢＯＣＳ，ＳＤＳ，ＳＡＳ量表及临床疗效评定。结果 氯硝西泮的抗强迫疗效显著差于氯丙咪嗪。治疗前后氯丙咪嗪组ＳＤＳ、ＳＡＳ量表评分有显著差异，而氯硝西泮组则否、治疗期两药副作用发生率未见显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论 氯丙咪嗪对于强迫症的疗效优于氯硝西泮。     

The clinical features of Tourette's disorder with obsessive-compulsive symptoms

Twenty-three patients with Tourette's disorder (13 with obsessive-compulsive symptoms [OCS] and 10 without) were comparatively investigated. In contrast to OCS-free Tourette's disorder patients, those with OCS were found to be characterized by (i) a higher incidence of volatile temper, (ii) a higher incidence of compulsive tics, (iii) a higher incidence of perinatal disorders and brain wave abnormalities, (iv) a higher severity as rated using the Seventy Scale, and (v) a higher prevalence of complications, especially of developmental disorders. Of the subjects with OCS-accompanied Tourette's disorder, approximately half had developed OCS by the onset of tics. These findings suggest the likelihood that OCS-accompanied Tourette's disorder is more strongly associated with organic cerebral disorders, independently of sites of tic disorders, than is OCS-free Tourette's disorder.     

苯妥英治疗强迫症的双盲对照研究

符合DSMⅢ—R和CCMD—2诊断标准的62例强迫症患者,随机分为三组:氯丙咪嗪组(22例)、苯妥英组(20例)、安慰剂组(20例),采用双盲对照研究法,每组经4周治疗,在治疗前后,经Y-BOCS、MSCPOR、HAMD量表测定及临床疗效评定。资料提示氯丙咪嗪组、苯妥英组、安慰剂组的痊愈,显进者分别为68％、55％、0％,而Y-BOCS、MSCPOR减分率分别为54.6％、46.05％、3.2％。提示氯两咪嗪组、苯妥英组对治疗强迫症明显优于安慰剂组。     

米氮平与氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症的对照研究

目的　探讨米氮平与氯丙咪嗪治疗强迫症疗效及副作用比较。方法　选择符合诊断标准的强迫症60例,随机分为米氮平与氯丙咪嗪两组　米氮平组平均(53.6±5.1)mg/d;氯丙咪嗪组平均(215.6±37.6)mg/d。观察8周。结果　两组疗效比较无显著差异,米氮平组第1 周末起效,氯丙咪嗪组第4 周末起效,起效时间两组比较差异显著(P<0.05);副反应两组比较米氮平显著较低(P<0.01)。结论　米氮平是一种安全有效的抗强迫症药物。     

Empathy and symptoms dimensions of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) often display cognitions and/or behaviors that may well reflect the existence of “hyper-attachment” to different environmental elements, including their offspring, family members, divine entities, or even inanimate objects. Based on the fact that both OCD symptoms and physiologic interpersonal attachment mechanisms involve overlapping ventral fronto-limbic circuits, we hypothesized that there is a relationship between empathy, evaluated with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), and OCD symptom dimensions. We evaluated 53 patients with OCD and 53 age- and sex-matched individuals from the community with the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnosis of DSM-IV axis I disorders, the Saving Inventory-Revised, the IRI (composed of four sub-scales), the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory - Revised, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Anxiety Inventory. Patients with OCD displayed greater levels of affective empathy (i.e., empathic concern (p = 0.006) and personal discomfort (p < 0.001)) than community controls. In bivariate analyses, the severity of hoarding symptoms of patients with OCD correlated with empathic concern (r = 0.39; p < 0.001), fantasy (r = 0.36; p < 0.01), and personal discomfort (r = 0.39; p < 0.001). In partial correlation analyses adjusting for comorbid depression and anxiety, only the association between hoarding and fantasy remained robust (r = 0.41; p < 0.001). A model that included severity of hoarding, depression, and anxiety symptoms predicted 33% of the variance on the fantasy scale. Our findings suggest that hoarding is linked to specific aspects of interpersonal reactivity. Comorbid depression and anxiety, however, explain a large proportion of the empathic profile exhibited by patients with OCD.     

Recollections of parent-child relationships in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic disorder with agoraphobia

Objective: In previous studies, patients with different psychiatric conditions, as compared with matched controls, have reported that their parents were more protective and less caring towards them when they were children. However, studies investigating associations between parental behaviours and anxiety disorders have yielded inconsistent results. The aim of this study was to compare recalled parental behaviours in out‐patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD), in out‐patients with panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA), and in non‐anxious controls. Method: The sample included 43 out‐patients with OCD, 38 with PDA, and 120 controls. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument and the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran or Own Memories of Parental Rearing Experiences in Childhood. Results: No differences were found between the two anxious groups. However, compared with the control group, anxious patients recalled their parents as more protective. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that child rearing practices such as overprotection may be a risk factor in the development of anxiety disorders.     

Obsessive compulsive symptoms are related to lower quality of life in patients with Schizophrenia

Background. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) on quality of life (QoL) and to identify the OCS with a particular effect on QoL, and whether there are any such symptoms for patients with schizophrenia. Methods. We studied three groups of patients with schizophrenia. One group of patients (n = 45) without OCS or obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), one group with OCS, not fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for OCD (n = 31), and one group with OCD as a comorbid condition (n = 24). Severity of clinical symptoms was evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale and OCS was examined using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) Symptom Checklist. We also administered the Y-BOCS. The patients’ QoL was assessed using the Quality of Life Scale (QLS). Results. QLS interpersonal relationships subscale scores of those with OCS were lower than those without OCS. There was no difference among OCS, non-OCS, and OCD groups in terms of QoL. There was no relationship between QLS scores and symmetry, contamination and causing harm obsessions, but those with cleaning and repeating compulsions had lower QoL. Conclusions. Questioning of comorbid OCS and treatment with specific medication in schizophrenia patients may increase QoL.     

Quantitative and qualitative aspects of obsessive-compulsive behaviour in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder compared with tic disorder

OBJECTIVE: Within the framework of associated psychopathology in child psychiatric disorders, this study focused on quantitative and qualitative aspects of obsessive-compulsive behaviour (OCB) in both attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and chronic tic disorder/Tourette's disorder (TD). METHOD: Forty-two healthy controls, 41 children with ADHD and 38 children with TD, aged 9-13 years, were investigated using the Leyton Obsessional Inventory--Child Version (LOI-CV), the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and an expert-rated structured parent interview to reflect a cross-informant view of OCB. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, self-reports of children with ADHD rather than children with TD showed the highest OCB scores in the LOI-CV. Qualitatively, ADHD-related OCB focused on the item subsets concerning 'dirt and contamination', 'repetition', 'overconscientiousness', and 'hoarding'. In the parent-rated CBCL, similar levels of OCB were reported for ADHD and TD patients. In contrast, only children with TD showed clinically relevant OCB according to expert ratings. CONCLUSION: Not only young TD patients but also children with ADHD should be investigated and monitored carefully for quantitative and qualitative aspects of OCB comorbidity.     

Ghrelin and leptin levels in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder

To examine the importance of ghrelin and leptin in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we measured serum ghrelin and leptin levels, lipid profile and body mass index (BMI) in 43 patients with OCD and 20 healthy controls. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to whether DSM-IV OCD was accompanied with major depressive disorder (MDD) (OCD+MDD) or not (OCD-MDD). There was no statistically significant difference in ghrelin and leptin levels between groups. The OCD+MDD group had a trend of higher ghrelin levels and lower leptin levels than the OCD-MDD and control groups. There was a negative correlation between change in serum ghrelin and leptin levels only in the OCD+MDD group. Neither ghrelin nor leptin showed any correlation with severity of MDD and OCD. In conclusion, our results suggest that OCD is not associated with leptin or ghrelin levels. More comprehensive and detailed studies are needed to decipher the exact role of ghrelin and leptin in OCD.     

Children of parents with obsessive-compulsive disorder -- a 2-year follow-up study

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between parental obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and emotional and behavioural disorders in offspring. METHOD: Demographic, clinical, and diagnostic data were collected from parents with OCD, control subjects, and their respective offspring. Offspring were reassessed at a 2-year follow-up. RESULTS: Probands with OCD and controls were relatively well matched for age, gender, race, educational rating, and marital status. Offspring of OCD probands were at greater risk than offspring of controls for dimensionally measured anxiety, depression, somatization, and social problems. OCD offspring were significantly more likely than control offspring to have lifetime overanxious disorder, separation anxiety disorder, OCD, or 'any anxiety disorder'. Female gender in the parent with OCD, evidence of family dysfunction, and high symptom levels in offspring were predictive of broadly defined OCD at follow-up. CONCLUSION: Children having a parent with OCD are more likely than control offspring to have social, emotional, and behavioural disorders.