联合免疫后乙肝病毒携带产妇母乳喂养安全性的探讨

目的:探讨主被动联合免疫后乙肝病毒(HBV)携带产妇的婴儿接受母乳喂养的安全性。方法:前瞻性追踪115例孕晚期注射高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白(HB IG)的HBV携带产妇乳汁中HBV感染性标志物(HBVM)、HBV-DNA和新生儿外周血HBVM情况,以及接受联合免疫后母乳或人工喂养7月龄婴儿血HBVM情况。其中母乳喂养组婴儿70例,人工喂养组45例。结果:2组新生儿HBV感染率分别为11.4%和13.3%,2组婴儿母亲外周血HBeAg阳性率分别为31.4%和31.1%,差异均无统计学意义。母乳喂养组和人工喂养组产妇初乳中HBsAg阳性率分别为34.3%和40.0%,HBeAg阳性率分别为28.6%和26.7%,2组产妇初乳中HBsAg阳性率、HBeAg阳性率和HBV-DNA滴度比较,差异均无统计学意义。母乳喂养组和人工喂养组7月龄婴儿HBV感染率分别为5.7%和8.9%,抗HBs阳性率分别为85.7%和84.4%,2组比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:在进行多重联合免疫干预后,HBV携带产妇母乳喂养并不增加HBV母婴传播的风险。     

孕妇乙型肝炎病毒携带状态与母婴传播的研究

目的 :探讨孕妇乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒 (HBV)携带状态与母婴传播的关系。方法 :用荧光定量PCR法检测HBV表面抗原 (HBsAg)阳性孕妇血清中HBV脱氧核糖核酸(HBVDNA)及脐血HBVDNA ,婴儿出生后 1 2h内及第 1 4天注射乙肝免疫球蛋白 ,并按0、1、6的程序全程接种乙肝疫苗 ,进行前瞻性随访研究 ,分别于婴儿 7月及 1 2月时随访 ,检测HBVDNA及乙肝血清标志物 ,婴儿 7月时未感染乙肝但抗 HBs阴性者加强注射乙肝疫苗 5μg。 结果 :HBsAg、HBeAg及抗 HBc阳性孕妇的新生儿脐血HBVDNA阳性率为1 8.37% (9/ 4 9) ;HBsAg及HBeAg双阳性者为 1 2 .50 % (2 / 1 6) ;HBsAg及抗 HBc阳性者为1 2 .50 % (3/ 2 4 ) ;HBsAg,抗 HBe和抗 HBc阳性者为 1 .37% (1 / 73) ;脐血HBVDNA阳性的新生儿均生于HBVDNA阳性的母亲 ,阳性率为 1 8.52 % (1 5/ 81 ) ,不同HBV携带状态的脐血阳性率有统计学差异。总母婴传播率为 9.78%。结论 :孕妇HBV携带状态与母婴传播有关 ,孕妇血清HBeAg阳性或HBVDNA含量高是母婴传播的重要因素之一 ,孕妇血清HBVDNA阴性者母婴垂直传播的风险极小。在新生儿、婴儿接受被动及主动全程联合免疫的条件下 ,产时、产后HBV的母婴传播可以预防     

母乳喂养不影响乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播阻断效果

目的：比较不同喂养方式对HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿母婴传播阻断效果的影响。方法：HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿常规接种乙型肝炎疫苗或接受乙型肝炎疫苗和乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白联合免疫并随访。62例婴儿单用乙型肝炎疫苗免疫，21例母乳喂养，41例人工喂养；168例婴儿联合免疫，33例母乳喂养，135例人工喂养。结果：单用疫苗时1、3、6、12月龄抗-HBs阳性率母乳喂养组分别为4.8％、42.9％、57.9％、80.9％，人工喂养组分别为12.2％、26.3％、60.5％、73.2％；联合免疫时1、4、7、12月龄抗-HBs阳性率母乳喂养组分别为72.7％、75.8％、77.4％、90.9％，人工喂状组为77.0％、72.9％、76.2％、90.4％。单用疫苗时，母乳喂养组1例、人工喂养组3例免疫失败；联合免疫时，母乳喂养组无一例免疫失败，人工喂养组4例免疫失败，母乳喂养和人工喂养比较，差异均无显著性。结论：母乳喂养不影响抗-HBs产生，不增加免疫失败。     

慢性乙肝病毒携带者母乳喂养婴儿感染乙肝的危险性

为探讨慢性乙肝病毒(HBV)携带者母乳喂养将HBV传染给婴儿的危险性,德克萨斯大学西南医学中心等一些机构进行研究,比较慢性HBV携带者母乳喂养婴儿和配方奶喂养婴儿感染HBV的差别。     

联合免疫后HBV携带者母乳喂养的安全性研究

我国是病毒性肝炎的高发地区，其中主要是乙型病毒性肝炎。在乙肝高发地区，慢性HBV携带者多始于婴儿及儿童期的感染，所以人们担心慢性HBV感染的母亲在长达数月的哺乳期将病毒传染给婴儿。这种情况能否母乳喂养意见不一致.为此，我们回顾分析母亲在妊娠期接受HBIG，新生儿出生后接受主、被动联合免疫后婴儿HBV感染情况，探讨接受免疫阻断措施后母乳喂养的安全性。     

乙型肝炎病毒携带者性腺组织中乙型肝炎病毒DNA检测

乙型肝炎(乙肝)已成为世界上广泛流行的传染病,我国乙肝病毒(HBV)携带者高达1.3亿~([1]).为阻断HBV的传播,对新生儿联合应用乙肝疫苗及乙肝免疫球蛋白仍有10%～20%得不到保护~([2]).为探讨是否存在通过生殖细胞传播的HBV,本研究采用原位杂交技术检测HBV携带者性腺组织中HBV DNA,旨在为HBV的防治提供实验依据.     

分娩方式与乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播阻断的相关性研究

目的:探讨分娩方式对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)母婴垂直传播的影响。方法:将HBs Ag阳性孕妇及其婴儿211例,按不同分娩方式分为阴道分娩组(126例)和选择性剖宫产组(85例),两组新生儿均完成主被动联合免疫接种,检测孕妇及婴儿出生24h内、7个月、12个月龄时的外周静脉血的HBV血清学标志物、HBV DNA水平,比较两组婴儿HBV母婴阻断效果。结果:婴儿出生24h内选择性剖宫产组的HBs Ag、HBV DNA阳性率低于阴道分娩组(10.59%vs 21.43%,P0.05)。婴儿7个月龄、12个月龄时,两组的HBs Ag、HBV DNA阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。孕妇HBe Ag阴性、HBV DNA≤10~(11)copies/L时,阴道分娩组和选择性剖宫产组的HBV母婴阻断失败率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。孕妇HBe Ag阳性、HBV DNA10~(11)copies/L时,选择性剖宫产组的HBV母婴阻断失败率明显低于阴道分娩组(3.45%vs 23.81%,5.25%vs 33.33%,P0.05)。结论:分娩方式与HBV母婴传播阻断有关,当孕妇HBe Ag阳性或HBV DNA10~(11)copies/L时,选择性剖宫产可能降低乙肝母婴垂直传播几率。     

乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播阻断的研究

目的:研究乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带者孕妇及其新生儿应用乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)对阻断乙肝母婴传播的效果。方法:A组66例,于孕28、32、36周分别注射HBIG200U,B组68例仅常规产前检查及监护。新生儿分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组新生儿注射乙肝疫苗(HBVac)10μg和HBIG100U,Ⅲ组新生儿只注射HBVac10μg。结果:A组较B组新生儿出生时外周血HBsAg阳性率显著降低,P<0.05。Ⅰ、Ⅲ组婴儿6月龄HBsAb阳性率差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论:对HBsAg携带者孕晚期应用HBIG可以显著降低新生儿外周血HBsAg阳性率;对HBsAg携带者孕晚期应用HBIG,新生儿出生时应用HBIG和HBVac联合免疫,可以显著提高婴儿6月龄HBsAb的阳性率。     

孕妇产前进行免疫阻断与新生儿乙型肝炎基因疫苗免疫效果关系的研究

目的探讨采用乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG)阻断孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染对新生儿乙型肝炎(简称乙肝)基因疫苗免疫效果的影响。方法对55例HBV标志物阳性孕妇于产前28周、32周和36周分别给予HBIG 200IU免疫阻断作为阻断组；31例HBV标志物阳性孕妇未给予HBIG免疫阻断作为未阻断组；同期选择HBV标志物阴性孕妇42例作为对照组。对三组新生儿分别给予乙肝基因疫苗的免疫接种，并分别于1个月、2个月、7个月和12个月龄采集外周血检测HBV标志物及丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)。结果阻断组、未阻断组和对照组新生儿免疫保护率分别为87.3%(48/55)、77.4%(24/31)和97.6%(41/42)；未阻断组与对照组间比较具有统计学意义(P<0.01)；对“大三阳”孕妇的阻断效果最好，新生儿抗HBs阳转率从33.3%上升到71.4%。结论对HBV感染孕妇采用HBIG免疫阻断，可以降低宫内感染及母婴传播的发生率；分娩时孕妇HBV感染状态对新生儿抗HBs阳转率可能产生一定程度的影响。     

乙肝免疫球蛋白联合乙肝疫苗对阻断HBV母婴传播效果探析

目的：探讨乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫对于阻断HBV母婴传播的效果。方法：选择2011年1月至2011年6月间于我州县级以上医院就诊的乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）和e抗原（HBeAg）双阳性的乙肝孕母及其新生儿为研究对象，按免疫程序的不同分为A、B、c三组。A组母亲在分娩前三个月，每月均注射一次乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG），每次2001U，新生儿分别于0周和2周注射一次HBIG，每次200IU；B组新生儿分别于0周和2周注射一次HBIG，每次200IU；C纽孕母和新生儿均不注射HBIG。所有婴儿均按国家的免疫规划程序接种乙肝疫苗，即0、1、6月注射乙肝疫苗。观察并对比婴儿在6个月时乙肝五项结果。结果：三组婴儿在6个月时的乙肝表面抗体阳性率、保护性抗体产生率不同，A组婴儿的表抗阳性率低于其它两组，且保护性抗体产生率高于其他两组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：乙肝免疫球蛋白和乙肝疫苗联合免疫方案对于阻断HBV的垂直传播有较好的效果。     

Hepatitis B vaccine in pregnancy: immunogenicity, safety and transfer of antibodies to infants

To determine the safety and immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine in pregnancy, 72 pregnant Nigerians who were negative for markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were given two intramuscular doses of vaccine (Heptavax, Merck) in the third trimester. One month after the second dose (at T2), 84% were anti HBs positive. No significant effect was observed in the mothers or their newborns. Passive transfer of anti HBs occurred in 59% of the newborns. The antibodies disappeared rapidly in these infants and by 3 months only 23% had detectable antibodies. No HBsAg carrier status developed in this group. In contrast, the infants born to HbsAg positive mothers had a cummulative rate of HBV events of 20%. It is concluded that HBV vaccine is safe and immunogenic in pregnant females. The passive immunity conferred on the infants is of short duration. Therefore, infants in endemic areas should be vaccinated early, preferably within 3 months of birth. Vaccination of pregnant mothers may provide adequate protection before the child is vaccinated.     

Risk of hepatitis B transmission in breast-fed infants of chronic hepatitis B carriers

OBJECTIVE: To measure the rate of hepatitis B (HBV) transmission from chronic HBV carriers to breast-fed infants after immunoprophylaxis. METHODS: Since 1992, information on women with HBV during pregnancy has been collected in a prospective longitudinal study. Those HBV carriers and their infants participating in a county HBV immunoprophylaxis program were identified. Infants were followed for up to 15 months and examined for hepatitis B infection by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). RESULTS: A total of 369 infants born to women with chronic HBV met the inclusion criteria and received hepatitis B immune globulin at birth and the full course of the hepatitis B vaccine series. We compared 101 breast-fed infants with 268 formula-fed infants. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to the number of women who were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) (22% versus 26%, P =.51). Three women in the breast-feeding group had liver transaminase abnormalities, compared with six women in the formula-feeding group (P =.29). Overall, there were nine cases of HBV infection transmission (2.4%). None of the 101 breast-fed infants and nine formula-fed infants (3%) were positive for HBsAg after the initial vaccination series (P =.063). The mean length of time for breast-feeding was 4.9 months (range 2 weeks to 1 year). CONCLUSION: With appropriate immunoprophylaxis, including hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine, breast-feeding of infants of chronic HBV carriers poses no additional risk for the transmission of the hepatitis B virus.     

孕妇主动与被动联合免疫预防乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的临床研究

目的 探讨孕妇主动与被动联合免疫预防乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）宫内感染的作用和机理。方法 将５３例ＨＢｓＡｇ（＋）孕妇分成两组，预防组３０例，自孕２０周起多次注射乙肝疫苗（ＨＢＶａｃ）和乙肝免疫球蛋白（ＨＢＩＧ）；对照组２３例，不用ＨＢＶａｃ和ＨＢＩＧ。母儿血清ＨＢｓＡｇ，ＨＢｅＡｇ和抗－ＨＢｓ用固相放免法检测，ＨＢＶ－ＤＡＮ用套式ＰＣＲ检测。结果 预防组新生儿血清ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢＶＤＮＡ检出率明显低     

Prenatal transmission of hepatitis B virus to neonates born to serum hepatitis B virus DNA-positive mothers.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was detected by in vitro enzymatic DNA amplification techniques in 66.7% (six of nine) of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive and in 21.1% (7 of 33) of HBsAg-negative pregnant women. Five of the HBV DNA and HBsAg-positive women and one HBV DNA-positive but HBsAg-negative woman gave birth to infants positive for serum HBV DNA at time of birth. These results suggest that HBsAg-negative pregnant women are potentially capable of transmitting HBV DNA to their infants.     

Prevention of vertical hepatitis B transmission by hepatitis B immunoglobulin in the third trimester of pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible efficacy of using hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) during the third trimester of pregnancy to prevent intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: Of 469 pregnant women testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), 126 had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and 343 did not. RESULTS: There were women who declined to be treated with HBIG in these 2 groups. Among infants born to HBeAg-positive mothers, the rates of those testing positive for HBsAg at birth and at the 6-month visit were significantly lower when the mothers had been treated with HBIG (P<0.05). Among infants born to HBeAg-negative mothers, however, no significant differences were found whether the mothers had been treated or not. Furthermore, all newborns received HBIG treatment and the first dose of a vaccination schedule within 12 h of birth. At the 6-month visit the protective anti-HBs rates were only 32.3% among infants whose mothers were HBeAg-positive and 56.2% among those whose mothers were HBeAg-negative when their mothers had not been treated with HBIG during pregnancy, whereas the corresponding rates were as high as 75.8% and 88.7% when the mothers had been treated. CONCLUSION: Maternal administration of HBIG is effective in preventing intrauterine fetal HBV infection in HBsAg-positive, HBeAg-positive pregnant women and in improving immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infants born to HBV carriers.     

Risk of hepatitis B transmission after amniocentesis in chronic hepatitis B carriers

OBJECTIVE: To measure the risk of perinatal transmission of HBV in chronic carriers who undergo amniocentesis. METHODS: This was a prospective, longitudinal study from 1990 to 1995 of women who were HBV carriers and underwent amniocentesis. The infants of these women were followed from birth to one year of age. Maternal data examined included HBV antigen and antibody status, liver function tests (LFTs) and the amniocentesis report. RESULTS: Twenty-eight women were identified. Two of 28 neonates were stillborn unrelated to hepatitis. Five infants were lost to follow-up leaving 21 mother-child pairs to evaluate. All 21 women were chronic HBV carriers at the time of amniocentesis for delivery. No mother had abnormal LFTs, and only one of 21 women was positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Thirteen amniocenteses were for advanced maternal age, and four were for abnormal maternal serum alphafetoprotein (MSAFP) screening. None of the amniocenteses were recorded as bloody, and the placenta was anterior in 6 of 21 procedures. None of the 21 infants (95% CI: 0-16.8%) were positive for HbsAg during the first month of life or at 12 months of age. All infants received HBV vaccine and HBIG immunoprophylaxis. CONCLUSION: The risk of transmission of HBV to the fetus after amniocentesis in women who are HBV carriers is low. Immunoprophylaxis in these infants was successful.     

Relationship between viral load and pregnancy outcomes among hepatitis B carriers

ObjectivePregnant hepatitis B carriers may have a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Current evidences are conflicting regarding the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and various pregnancy complications, owing to the inclusion of women with different viral activity. This study is to evaluate the relationship between hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status/HBV DNA level and pregnancy outcomes among pregnant hepatitis B carriers in Hong Kong.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study carried out in Hong Kong between 2014 and 2016. Pregnant HBV carriers were recruited. HBeAg was tested. HBV DNA level was quantified at 28–30 weeks of gestation. The rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROM), preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW), macrosomia and mode of delivery were recorded.Results679 pregnancies were analyzed. 23.3% of women were seropositive for HBeAg. The mean viral load (SD) at 28–30 weeks of gestation was 3.6 (2.5) log₁₀IU/ml. No statistically significant differences were found in the rates of GDM, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, PPROM, preterm birth, LBW, macrosomia and mode of delivery among women with different viral load levels (≤2 log₁₀IU/ml, 2.01–6 log₁₀IU/ml and >6 log₁₀IU/ml). Positive maternal HBeAg status was not associated with pregnancy complications compared to seronegative women.ConclusionSeropositive HBeAg status or a higher level of HBV DNA during pregnancy did not pose a significant negative impact to the pregnancy outcomes.     

乙型肝炎表面抗原与乙型肝炎e抗原阴性孕妇乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的研究

目的 探讨应用套式PCR方法检测乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)及乙型肝炎e抗原(HBeAg)阴性孕妇乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)宫内感染的状况。方法 选择HBsAg与HBeAg阴性,其他HBV血清标志物阳性孕妇及其新生儿24例作为病例组,同期HBV血清标志物全部阴性孕妇及其新生儿16例作为对照组。采用套式PCR方法检测两组孕妇及其新生儿的血清及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中HBV-DNA。结果(1)病例组24例孕妇中,血清HBV-DNA阳性8例,阳性率为33％;PBMC中HBV-DNA阳性10例,阳性率为42％r。其中血清与PBMC均阳性3例,总阳性率为63％r(15／24)。(2)病例组24个新生儿中,血清HBV-DNA阳性3例,阳性率为13％,PBMC中HBV-DNA阳性6例,阳性率为25％。其中血清与PBMC均阳性1例,宫内感染率为33％(8／24)。(3)病例组24例孕妇中,血清阴性而PBMC阳性共7例,其新生儿4例发生宫内感染,感染率为4／7。(4)对照组16例孕妇及其新生儿血清及PBMC中HBV-DNA全部阴性。结论 HBsAg及HBeAg阴性孕妇也可发生HBV宫内感染,采用灵敏度高的套式PCR方法检测孕妇及其新生儿血清及PBMC中HBV-DNA,对诊断HBV宫内感染具有重要临床意义。     

预防免疫对乙型肝炎父婴传播的初步研究

目的　探讨预防乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV )父婴传播 (P FT)的方法。方法　选取 1996年 1月至 2 0 0 2年12月 3 1例孕妇丈夫血清HBVDNA( )、孕妇无HBV感染的病例 ,孕前以乙肝疫苗 (HBVac)免疫至抗 HBs( )后再妊娠 ,自孕 2 0周起 ,每 4周肌注乙肝免疫球蛋白 (HBIG ) 2 0 0IU至产前 (观察组 )。另筛选入院时发现孕妇无HBV感染 (乙肝两对半各指标全阴性 ) ,而丈夫血清HBVDNA ( )的 2 6例夫妇作对照组 ,两组病例产时均取脐带血查HBVDNA ,及抗 HBs ,观察两组新生儿HBV感染率及抗 HBs( )率。结果　观察组新生儿HBV感染率为 16 13 % (5/3 1) ,而对照组感染率为 42 3 1% (11/2 6) ;观察组新生儿抗 HBs( )率为 54 84% (17/3 1) ,对照组为 0 (0 /2 6)。观察组的HBV感染率显著低于对照组 (P <0 0 5)。结论　孕前肌注乙肝HBVac、孕期肌注HBIG可有效预防HBV的P FT。