Morphine-induced macrophage apoptosis: the role of transforming growth factor-beta

Laboratory and clinical reports indicate that opiate addicts are prone to infections. This effect of opiates is partly attributed to opiate-induced macrophage (Mphi) apoptosis. In the present study, we evaluated the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in morphine-induced apoptosis of murine J774 cells and peritoneal Mphi. Mphi harvested from morphine-treated mice showed greater (P < 0. 0001) apoptosis when compared with control Mphi. Morphine also enhanced apoptosis of J774 cells and peritoneal Mphi. Anti-TGF-beta antibody inhibited (P < 0.001) the morphine-induced apoptosis in J774 cells (control 0.7 +/- 0.4%; 10-6 M morphine 23.5 +/- 0.7%; anti-TGF-beta antibody (Ab) + 10-6 M morphine 8.1 +/- 0.7%; apoptotic cells/field) and peritoneal Mphi (control 1.5 +/- 0.9%; 10-6 M morphine 29.1 +/- 1.4%; 10-6 M morphine + anti-TGF-beta Ab 19. 1 +/- 1.8%; apoptotic cells/field). TGF-beta enhanced (P < 0.001) apoptosis of J774 cells and peritoneal Mphi. TGF-beta also promoted Mphi DNA fragmentation into integer multiples of 180 bp (ladder pattern). Immunocytochemical studies revealed that morphine enhanced the Mphi cytoplasmic content of TGF-beta. In addition, Western blotting showed increased production of TGF-beta by morphine-treated J774 cells when compared with control cells. Morphine increased J774 cell expression of bax. Interestingly, morphine-induced bax expression was inhibited by anti-TGF-beta Ab. As both morphine-induced J774 cell apoptosis and bax expression were inhibited by anti-TGF-beta Ab, it appears that morphine-induced J774 cell apoptosis may be mediated through the generation of TGF-beta.     

Ethanol promotes T cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway

Clinical reports suggest that acute ethanol intoxication is often associated with lymphopenia. Previously, ethanol was reported to invoke thymocyte apoptosis. We studied the effect of ethanol on T cell apoptosis. In addition, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of ethanol-induced T cell apoptosis. Human T cells harvested from healthy subjects after an alcohol drinking binge showed enhanced T cell apoptosis (before, 0.4 +/- 0.2% versus after, 19.6 +/- 2.5% apoptotic lymphocytes/field; P < 0.001). In in vitro studies, ethanol in a concentration of 50 mm and higher enhanced the apoptosis of Jurkat cells. DNA isolated from ethanol-treated Jurkat cells displayed integer multiples of 180 base pairs. Ethanol decreased Jurkat cell expression of Bcl-2, whereas ethanol increased Jurkat cell expression of Bax. Jurkat cells treated with ethanol also showed translocation of cytochrome C into cytosol. Moreover, a caspase-9 inhibitor partially inhibited ethanol-induced Jurkat cell apoptosis. In in vivo studies, after binge drinking, T cell expression of Bcl-2 also decreased. In addition, binge drinking induced the cleavage of caspase-3, suggesting activation of caspase-3 in T cells. These results suggest that ethanol promotes T cell apoptosis through the activation of intrinsic or mitochondrial pathway.     

Morphine modulates lymph node-derived T lymphocyte function: role of caspase-3, -8, and nitric oxide

The major objective of this paper is to characterize the mechanism by which morphine modulates lymphocyte function and if these effects are mediated through the mu-opioid receptor. We evaluated the in vitro effects of morphine on lymphocytes that were freshly isolated from lymph nodes from wild type (WT) and mu-opioid receptor knock-out (MORKO) mice. Results show that morphine inhibits Con A-induced lymph node T-cell proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was abolished in lymph node cells isolated from MORKO mice. The inhibition of T-cell function with low-dose morphine was associated with an increase in caspase-3- and caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. The inhibition of T-cell function with high-dose morphine was associated with an increase in the inducible NO synthase mRNA expression. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) antagonized the apoptosis induced by high-dose morphine. Our results suggest that low-dose morphine, through the mu-opioid receptor, can induce lymph node lymphocyte apoptosis through the cleavage activity of caspase-3 and caspase-8. Morphine at high doses induces NO release. This effect of morphine is also mediated through the mu-opioid receptor present on the surface of macrophages.     

Glutamine protects activated human T cells from apoptosis by up-regulating glutathione and Bcl-2 levels

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the body. A decrease of plasma glutamine concentrations is found in catabolic stress and is related to susceptibility to infections. Glutamine is known to modulate lymphocyte activation; however, little is known about glutamine modulation of cell death of activated human T cells. Using Jurkat T cells, we investigated glutamine modulation of T-cell apoptosis activated by PMA plus ionomycin. We found that glutamine at various concentrations significantly enhanced IL-2 production, cell proliferation, and cell viability of Jurkat T cells. Glutamine also decreased the number of apoptotic cells stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin as demonstrated by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, glutamine down-regulated CD95 and CD95L expression, but up-regulated CD45RO and Bcl-2 expression in activated T cells. Further investigation of CD95-mediated caspase activities revealed that supplementation of glutamine significantly decreased caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities in activated T cells. Since oxidative stress is closely associated with induction of lymphocyte apoptosis, we found that glutamine significantly increased glutathione (GSH), but decreased reactive oxygen species levels in activated T cells. Blockade of intracellular GSH formation enhanced, but exogenous GSH supplementation decreased, activated T-cell apoptosis. Studying normal peripheral lymphoproliferation, we also found that the presence of glutamine increased lymphoproliferation as well as Bcl-2 and CD95 expression; but decreased CD95L and activation-induced T-cell death. Taken together, glutamine appeared to augment lymphoproliferation but suppressed activation-induced T-cell death in both Jurkat T cells and human peripheral T lymphocytes.     

抗HER-2抗体chA21对人乳腺癌SKBR3细胞凋亡的诱导作用及其机制

目的探讨抗HER-2工程抗体chA21在体外对高表达HER-2的人乳腺癌SKBR3细胞凋亡的诱导作用及其分子机制。方法采用透射电镜和原位末端标记技术(TUNEL)观察和检测chA21对SKBR3细胞凋亡的诱导,采用免疫细胞化学技术检测凋亡相关基因bc l-2、bax、Fas及caspase-3表达的改变。结果chA21作用72 h,可见SKBR3细胞凋亡,chA21高浓度组(5.4mg/L)凋亡指数显著高于低浓度组(0.2 mg/L)(P<0.01);chA21处理组SKBR3细胞的bax、Fas及caspase-3表达增加,而bc l-2表达及bc l-2/bax比值降低,上述改变在chA21高、低两个浓度组间有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论chA21在体外可诱导SK-BR3细胞凋亡,其分子机制与调节凋亡相关基因bax、bc l-2、Fas及caspase-3的表达有关。     

Caspase-2 and caspase-7 are involved in cytolethal distending toxin-induced apoptosis in Jurkat and MOLT-4 T-cell lines

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is a G2/M cell-cycle-specific growth-inhibitory toxin that leads to target cell distension followed by cell death. To determine the mechanisms by which A. actinomycetemcomitans CDT acts as an immunosuppressive factor, we examined the effects of highly purified CDT holotoxin on human T lymphocytes. Purified CDT was cytolethal toward normal peripheral T lymphocytes that were activated by in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. In addition, purified CDT showed cytolethal activity against Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells, which are known to be sensitive and resistant, respectively, to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Death in these cell lines was accompanied by the biochemical features of apoptosis, including membrane conformational changes, intranucleosomal DNA cleavage, and an increase in caspase activity in the cells. Pretreatment of Jurkat cells with the general caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk mostly suppressed CDT-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, specific inhibitors of caspase-2 and -7 showed significant inhibitory effects on CDT-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells, and these inhibitory effects were fully associated with reduced activity of caspase-2 or -7 in the CDT-treated Jurkat cells. These results strongly suggest that CDT possesses the ability to induce human T-cell apoptosis through activation of caspase-2 and -7.     

肿瘤抑制因子RUNX3对人胃癌细胞中凋亡相关基因表达的影响

 目的：研究肿瘤抑制因子人类Runt相关转录因子3(RUNX3)对人胃癌细胞BGC823中凋亡相关基因B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病基因-2（bcl-2）、bax、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-8（caspase-8）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-9（caspase-9）表达的影响,以揭示RUNX3促进胃癌细胞凋亡的作用机制。方法：首先构建人Runx3的真核生物表达载体pcDNA3.1- Runx3,将pcDNA3.1-Runx3及空载体pcDNA3.1分别转染BGC823细胞48 h后,提取细胞的总RNA和蛋白质,应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹（Western blotting）分别检测转染不同载体的细胞内RUNX3的表达情况,然后用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测凋亡相关基因bcl-2、bax、caspase-3、caspase-8和caspase-9的表达及蛋白的表达,β-actin作为内对照。结果：我们成功构建了人Runx3的真核生物表达载体pcDNA3.1-Runx3,将其转染BGC823细胞后,RT-PCR和Western blotting结果均显示：转染pcDNA3.1-Runx3的细胞中RUNX3的表达水平明显高于转染空载体pcDNA3.1的细胞(P<0.05);转染pcDNA3.1-Runx3的细胞中bcl-2基因的表达水平明显降低,caspase-3、caspase-9基因的表达水平明显增加(P<0.05)。结论：在BGC823细胞中,RUNX3通过下调bcl-2,上调caspase-3、caspase-9的表达促进细胞的凋亡。     

硼替佐米上调fas、bcl2l12、caspase-9和caspase-3基因表达

目的： 探讨硼替佐米诱导慢性粒细胞白血病细胞株K562细胞凋亡及新基因bcl2l12在其中的作用。方法: MTT比色法观察硼替佐米对K562细胞的生长抑制作用;Annexin-V标记和线粒体跨膜电位（Δψm）分析细胞凋亡;RT-PCR方法检测0、6、12和24 h fas、bcl2l12、bcl-2、 bim、bax、caspase-3和caspase-9基因表达变化。结果: 硼替佐米抑制K562细胞生长呈时间和剂量依赖性,24 h和48 h半数抑制浓度分别为161.41 nmol/L和96.33 nmol/L;硼替佐米诱导K562细胞凋亡,12 h Annexin-V阳性细胞就开始增高,并呈时间依赖性,Δψm减低;RT-PCR显示fas、bcl2l12、caspase-3和caspase-9表达增高,但bcl-2、bim和bax表达无明显改变。结论: 硼替佐米可以抑制K562生长并诱导凋亡,上调fas、bcl2l12,使线粒体膜电位下降,激活caspase-9和caspase-3基因,促使DNA发生断裂可能是其诱导凋亡的机制之一。     

慢病毒介导的caspase-3沉默对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

 目的：探讨沉默caspase-3对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）增殖、细胞周期和凋亡的影响。方法：构建靶向caspase-3的shRNA重组慢病毒并转染MSCs,通过real-time PCR和Western blotting 在mRNA及蛋白水平鉴定转染结果。采用MTS法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测细胞周期。Real-time PCR检测bcl-2和bax mRNA的表达。Hoechst荧光染色法检测细胞的凋亡情况。结果：Real-time PCR和Western blotting结果均表明成功建立稳定转染shRNA-caspase-3的大鼠MSCs细胞株。沉默caspase-3使MSCs的增殖率明显提高（P＜0.05）,且S期细胞百分比明显增多,为（52.66±0.30）%。沉默caspase-3后bcl-2 mRNA表达上调,bax mRNA表达下调,bcl-2/bax比值升高（P＜0.05）。转染组的细胞凋亡率为（15.01±1.73）%,低于空载体组的（25.67±3.05）%和空白对照组的（23.67±1.16）%（P＜0.05）。结论: 沉默caspase-3能调控MSCs的细胞周期,促进细胞增殖,减少细胞凋亡。     

Expression of Cell Death-Associated Proteins in Neuronal Apoptosis Associated with Pontosubicular Neuron Necrosis

Expression of apoptosis-associated proteins p53, bcl-2, bax, and caspase-3/CPP32, activation of caspase-3, and modification of proteins via poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation was studied in pontosubicular neuron necrosis (PSN), a form of perinatal brain damage revealing the morphological hallmarks of neuronal apoptosis. Immunoreactivity for p53 was completely absent. The majority of cells stained with the bax and procaspase-3 antibodies did not show morphological signs of apoptosis. In contrast, an antibody against activated caspase-3 almost exclusively stained cells with apoptotic morphology. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins were only rarely detected in cells with apoptotic morphology. The expression patterns of bax, procaspase-3, bcl-2, and p53 in PSN were similar to that found in age-matched control brains. However, activated caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribosylated proteins were exclusively found in apoptotic cells. These data indicate that detection of active caspase-3 is a reliable marker for apoptosis in formalin-fixed human tissue, and that neuronal apoptosis in pontosubicular neuron necrosis is accompanied by a pronounced activation of caspase-3.     

二苯乙烯苷对同型半胱氨酸诱导血管内皮细胞凋亡及bcl-2、bax、caspase-3表达的影响

 目的：研究何首乌二苯乙烯苷（TSG）对同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）凋亡及bcl-2、bax和caspase-3 mRNA表达的影响。方法：建立Hcy （3 mmol/L）所致培养HUVECs核损伤模型,TSG（1和10 μmol/L）提前2 h预孵育,然后再以Hcy处理,作为TSG保护组。用Hoechst 33342核染色法观察HUVECs细胞核损伤状态,以流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,用实时荧光定量RT-PCR法检bcl-2、bax和caspase-3 mRNA的表达。结果：经3 mmol/L Hcy处理后,与正常培养的细胞相比,HUVECs核损伤加重,凋亡细胞比例升高,bcl-2表达降低（P＜0.01）,bax和caspase-3表达增加（P＜0.01）。TSG 1 μmol/L和10 μmol/L预孵育后再经3 mmol/L Hcy处理,与单经3 mmol/L Hcy损伤模型组相比,HUVECs细胞核损伤降低,凋亡率下降,bcl-2的表达增加（P＜0.05）,bax和caspase-3表达降低（P＜0.05）。结论：TSG具有降低Hcy所致HUVECs的细胞损伤和抑制凋亡的作用,其机制可能与影响bcl-2、bax和caspase-3的表达有关。     

Apoptosis of circulating lymphocytes induced by whole body gamma-irradiation and its mechanism.

We studied the apoptosis of mousecirculating lymphocytes and its mechanism induced by 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of whole-body gamma-irradiation and the expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products as related to apoptosis. We found that, in the early stage after irradiation (4th-7th day), the percentage of lymphocyte apoptosis increased rapidly. Four hours after 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of gamma-irradiation, the apoptotic lymphocytes were 2.6, 3.8, 5.5, and 10.4 times those in the controls, respectively. A good correlation was found between the intensity of apoptosis and the radiation dose. As the radiation dose increased, the absolute counts of peripheral lymphocytes decreased sharply; 4 hours after 2, 4, 6, and 8 Gy of gamma-irradiation, the lymphocyte counts were 82, 63, 47, and 22% of the controls, respectively. The peak value of lymphocyte apoptosis was observed on the 7th day after irradiation using the in situ terminal labeling method, and the apoptotic lymphocytes were found to be 16 times the number in the controls. These results were in accordance with those obtained by the May-Grünwald-Giemsa staining method. The absolute counts of peripheral lymphocytes dropped to their lowest value on the 7th day after irradiation, suggesting that lymphocyte apoptosis might be the major cause of lymphocytopenia in the early stage after irradiation. The abnormal expression of bax and bcl-2 gene products in irradiated lymphocytes was closely related to apoptosis in peripheral lymphocytes.     

Taurine attenuates CD3/interleukin-2-induced T cell apoptosis in an in vitro model of activation-induced cell death (AICD)

Interleukin (IL)-2 immunotherapy is used for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal cell carcinoma and mediates its effects through the clonal expansion of lymphocytes. Although IL-2 remains the most effective form of therapy for these cancers, response rates are poor and dose escalation is hampered by side effects, which include vascular leak and lymphopenia. The mechanism underlying T cell loss is currently unidentified but could be the induction of activation-induced cell death (AICD) mediated by FasL. Our previous studies have shown that the amino acid taurine can attenuate apoptosis induced by a number of factors in different cell types. Here, we induced T cell AICD via CD3 and IL-2 stimulation and investigated the effect of taurine on lymphocyte apoptosis. Anti-CD3-activated Jurkat T cells treated with IL-2 significantly increased FasL expression, which was associated with increased apoptosis. Treatment with taurine prior to stimulation down-regulated FasL protein expression and partially inhibited apoptosis. Inhibition of FasL-signalling resulted in an identical reduction in apoptosis. As the kinetics of AICD are completely different in circulating T cells, we repeated these experiments in such cells to confirm our finding. Stimulation of CD4(+) circulating T cells induced apoptosis in sensitized, but not freshly isolated T cells, which was abrogated partially by taurine. In Jurkat cells it was determined that taurine-mediated down-regulation of FasL protein expression was associated with decreased FasL mRNA expression and reduced NFkappaB activation. These results reveal one possible mechanism underlying the lymphopenia observed with IL-2 immunotherapy, involving increased FasL expression leading to apoptosis. Taurine may be of use in reversing the lymphopenia associated with IL-2, thereby augmenting its immunotherapeutic potential.     

Transforming growth factor-beta promotes 'death by neglect' in post-activated human T cells

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is central to the wound repair processes that follow local trauma and inflammation. In order to mimic the early events of wound-healing, we studied the effects of TGF-beta on mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood cells. TGF-beta added at the initiation of mitogenesis did not significantly alter T-cell activation, proliferation, CD45 isoform switching, or activation-induced cell death. By contrast, TGF-beta added 72 hr post-activation (or later) enhanced the cumulative increase in apoptotic T cells. TGF-beta had no effect on mitogen-induced up-regulation of Fas (CD95) or Fas ligand and did not enhance killing of the Fas-sensitive Jurkat cell line by activated T cells. Furthermore, TGF-beta had no direct effect on levels of mRNA for members of the bcl family (bcl-X, bfl-1, bik, bak, bax, bcl-2 and mcl-1). These findings suggest that TGF-beta does not directly induce apoptosis via the Fas system or by direct effects on bcl proteins. However, interleukin-2, which can 'rescue' lymphocytes from spontaneous apoptosis due to cytokine deprivation, abolished the pro-apoptotic effects of TGF-beta on post-activated T cells, thus demonstrating that TGF-beta increases the cytokine-dependence of T cells for survival. We propose a novel role for TGF-beta in the suppression of inflammation by promoting the elimination of post-activated T cells once the initiating stimulus has been resolved.     

芹菜素诱导人胃癌细胞凋亡作用及机制研究

目的：研究芹菜素（apigenin, API）致人胃癌细胞凋亡作用及其机制。方法：培养人胃癌BGC823细胞株，加入不同浓度的API，孵育48 h。PI染色流式细胞术（FCM）分析测定凋亡率；罗丹明染色FCM分析测定细胞线粒体跨膜电位(Δψm)；Caspase-9分光光度法检测试剂盒测定caspase-9活性；Western印迹检测线粒体凋亡信号转导通路相关蛋白的表达，包括bax，bcl-2，caspase-9和caspase-3。结果： API（20，40和80 μg/mL）作用48 h能呈浓度依赖性地诱导BGC823细胞凋亡。而且，API也能降低BGC823细胞的Δψm，增加caspase-9活性，促进细胞色素c（Cyt c）释放，上调bax，caspase-9和caspase-3蛋白的表达，同时下调bcl-2蛋白表达，且呈剂量依赖性。结论：API通过活化线粒体信号转导途径诱导人胃癌细胞凋亡。     

SU11248对白血病细胞HL-60增殖及凋亡作用的实验研究

目的:探讨新型抗肿瘤药物苹果酸舒尼替尼(SU11248)对白血病细胞HL-60的生物学效应的影响及其作用机制。方法:应用MTT法检测SU11248对HL-60细胞增殖能力的影响;用AnnexinV/PI双染流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;用流式细胞技术分析细胞的DNA倍体及细胞周期变化;用凝胶电泳分析DNA片段化;以Western blot法检测2.0μg/ml SU11248作用HL-60后bcl-2、bax、caspase-3蛋白水平的变化。结果:SU11248可明显抑制HL-60细胞增殖(P<0.05),呈剂量和时间依赖性,半数抑制浓度(IC50)约为2.00μg/ml。SU11248可促进细胞凋亡,并呈剂量依赖性;能将HL-60细胞阻滞于G0/G1期,并呈时间依赖性;诱导HL-60细胞呈典型的DNA梯带;SU11248作用后bcl-2蛋白表达随时间依赖性降低,caspase-3蛋白表达升高,bax蛋白表达无明显变化。结论:SU11248能抑制HL-60细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,调节bcl-2家族蛋白的表达,并裂解caspase-3是其可能作用机制之一。     

Expression of death-related proteins in dentate granule cells in human bacterial meningitis

Neuronal apoptosis in the dentate gyrus has been observed in animal models of bacterial meningitis and in humans dying in the course of the disease.To evaluate the mechanisms of neuronal cell death, hippocampal sections of 20 patients dying from bacterial meningitis were investigated by immunohistochemistry using antibodies against the proform of caspase-3 and the active enzyme, bcl-2, bax and p53. In the dentate granule cell layer, the median density of neurons with an apoptotic morphology was 7.6/mm2 (0-15.6/mm2). The median density of immunoreactive neurons was 2.3/mm2 (procaspase-3), 0.9/mm2 (activated caspase-3), 1.8/mm2 (bcl-2), 1.1/mm2 (bax) and 0.4/mm2 (p53). 80% of neurons immunoreactive for active caspase-3 had an apoptotic morphology, whereas only 10% of all procaspase-3 stained neurons showed signs of apoptosis. Apoptotic cell death is present in humans dying in the course of bacterial meningitis in the dentate gyrus of the Formatio hippocampi. Neuronal expression of caspase-3, bcl-2 and bax suggests an involvement of these proteins in neuronal death.     

电针对海洛因成瘾大鼠PAG内细胞凋亡和caspase-3表达的影响

目的:研究电针对海洛因成瘾大鼠中脑导水管周围灰质(periaqueductal gray,PAG)的细胞凋亡及caspase-3表达的影响。方法:大鼠被随机分为四组:正常对照组、海洛因成瘾组(成瘾组)、海洛因戒断组(戒断组)和海洛因戒断针刺组(针刺组)。按给药剂量逐日递增的原则皮下注射海洛因建立成瘾模型;针刺组大鼠成瘾后用韩氏穴位神经刺激器(HNAS)针刺双侧"足三里"和"三阴交"穴位,30min,每日1次,连续5d;免疫组织化学染色法测caspase-3的表达;流式细胞仪测细胞凋亡情况。结果:(1)与正常组相比,成瘾组、戒断组和针刺组大鼠PAG内的细胞凋亡和caspase-3的表达均增多(P0.05);(2)针刺组与成瘾组和戒断组相比,针刺组PAG内的细胞凋亡和caspase-3的表达均减少(P0.05)。结论:(1)海洛因成瘾导致大鼠PAG内细胞凋亡和caspase-3的表达增多;(2)HANS针刺对海洛因成瘾引起的大鼠细胞凋亡有抑制作用,并下调大鼠PAG内caspase-3的表达。     

caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白在非霍奇金淋巴瘤组织的表达及其与细胞凋亡和增殖的关系

目的探讨caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白在非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)发生、发展中的可能作用及相互关系.方法应用TdT介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)技术和免疫组织化学链霉素抗生物素-过氧化酶(SP)法,检测5例反应性增生淋巴组织和119例NHL组织中的细胞凋亡和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)、caspase-3、bcl-2蛋白的表达水平.结果 caspase-3和bcl-2在119例NHL中表达的阳性率分别为86.6%(103例)和53.8%(64例).二者在良、恶性淋巴组织中的表达方式相反在反应性增生淋巴滤泡中心caspase-3高表达而bcl-2阴性表达,滤泡套区caspase-3阴性表达而bcl-2高表达;在肿瘤性滤泡中心bcl-2常高表达而caspase-3常表达减弱或不表达;在NHL中二者的表达与肿瘤恶性度呈相反关系,高度恶性组中caspase-3的表达(44.4%)高于低度恶性组(23.7%,P<0.01),而B细胞性淋巴瘤中bcl-2的表达(42.6%)低于低度恶性组(75.5%,P<0.01);caspase-3的表达与凋亡指数呈正相关(r=0.512, P <0.01)),bcl-2的表达与凋亡指数呈负相关(r=-0.436, P<0.01).此外,NHL的凋亡指数与增殖指数呈显著正相关(r=0.710, P<0.01).结论 caspase-3可能参与了NHL的凋亡调节机制.caspase-3和bcl-2蛋白在良、恶性淋巴组织中常呈现相反的表达方式,提示二者在淋巴细胞增殖动力学调节中可能存在着密切联系.     

致死剂量的γ线照射后小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞的凋亡规律及与bax、bcl-2和Bcl-XL表达的关系

目的：观察致死剂量γ线照射后小鼠胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡特征及与Bax、Bcl-2和Bcl-XL蛋白和mRNA表达的关系，为急性重度以上放射病的治疗提供依据。方法：清洁级C57小鼠250只，随机分为0、6、9、12、15和20 Gy6个剂量组.经γ线全身1次照射后，于照射后1～28d和3～12个月，活杀取胸腺和外周血，用原位末端标记(TUNEL)和麦格-姬姆萨(MGG)染色检测胸腺淋巴细胞的凋亡：用原位杂交和碱性磷酸酶免疫组化染色法，检测Bax、Bcl-2和Bcl-XL mRNA和其蛋白的表达。结果.(1)各剂量组小鼠外周血白细胞在照射后6h，出现一过性的升高，以后迅速下降.6Gy照射后7d降至最低，至照射后28d基本恢复到正常水平：(2)不同剂量的γ线照射后24h，胸腺淋巴细胞的凋亡率迅速升高；在6～12Gy范围内与照射的剂量呈正比，≥15Gy照射后变化不明显。(3)6Gy照射后24h，胸腺淋巴细胞的凋亡率达高峰，而后开始降低；但直至照射后6个月和12个月，凋亡率仍明显高于对照组。(4)6Gy照射后3h，胸腺淋巴细胞中Bax蛋白的表达即出现增加，至24h达峰值，显示出时效关系；而Bcl-2蛋白于照射后3h即明显下降，24h降至最低；Bcl-XL蛋白也在照射后24h降至最低。bax和bel-2 mRNA的检测与蛋白水平的检测一致。结论：经6～12 Gy照射后，淋巴细胞的凋亡与照射剂量成正比，≥15 Gy照射后凋亡率下降，提示≤12 Gy照射后胸腺淋巴细胞的凋亡是其死亡的主要方式。促凋亡蛋白Bax表达的增加及抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-XL表达的下降，与照射剂量和淋巴细胞的凋亡率呈现较好的对应关系，提示它们在致死剂量的照射所致胸腺淋巴细胞凋亡的调控中起着重要作用。