临床用血598例合理性分析

目的：调查用血合理性情况,查找不合理因素,不断提高临床输血质量。方法随机抽取我院598例输血病历进行输血的合理性调查研究分析。结果内科输血病例共196例,其中悬浮红细胞、血浆、血小板、冷沉淀合理性输血分别为128例、36例、4例、1例;外科输血病例共402例,合理性输血分别为悬浮红细胞234例、血浆47例。内科不合格病例数27例,不合格输血病例占内科总病例数的13.8%;外科不合格病例数121例,不合格输血病例占外科总病例数的30.1%。结论内科治疗用血比外科用血情况好,整体来看,输血管理应该进一步加强,加强输血相关知识的学习,不断提高输血的科学性、合理性。     

回顾性分析480份归档临床输血病历

目的:对临床输血病历的不合格原因进行统计和分析,为推进临床科学和合理用血,保障临床用血质量和医疗安全提供依据。方法:随机抽调2014—2017年的480份临床输血病历进行回顾性分析,查找不合格病历的主要原因。结果:480份输血病历中检出不合格病历74份(15.42%),其中输血记录不完整的36份(7.50%),无输血指征12份(2.50%),输血前后的评估不完整10份(2.08%),无大量用血审批和《输血治疗同意书》内容不完整各8份(1.67%)。2014—2017年的不合格率逐年下降,分别为36.67%、12.50%、7.50%和5.00%。与2014年比较,2015—2017年病历合格数逐年上升,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:定期检查临床输血病历对促进临床更加科学、安全、合理用血具有重要意义。     

输血申请单与临床输血记录在三级综合医院评审中的意义

目的：结合国家卫生部《三级综合医院评审标准（2011版）》实施细则有关输血管理与持续改进中对临床输血病历记录的要求,探讨临床输血申请单审核、临床输血病历规范化管理的必要性,以提高临床输血的质量,确保临床输血的安全有效。方法：针对本院2012年1月—2012年6月住院患者临床输血申请单2828份及抽查输血病历1450份中存在的主要问题进行分析。结果：在2828份输血申请单中有529份填写不合格,占总数的18.7%;抽查输血病历1023份,占输血病历的70.5%,不合格病例172份,占16.8%。结论：完善临床用血的组织管理,制定临床用血记录规章制度与流程,加强临床医护人员临床输血知识培训,规范临床输血病历记录,定期进行临床输血病历检查,保障临床用血安全有效的进行。     

某医院临床输血病历质量缺陷分析简

目的加强临床输血病历规范化管理,提高输血病历质量,防范临床用血医患纠纷。方法以临床输血病历的有关规定为依据,采取随机抽查的方法,对我院2012年258份输血病历按季度进行检查统计分析。结果258份临床输血病历中缺陷病历128份,缺陷率为49．6％,其中用血医嘱不合格病历44份,占17％,临床输血知情同意书不合格病历88份,占34．1％,输血病程记录不合格病历229份,占88．8％。结论需要加强对输血病历的质量管理,有针对地对出现的主要问题制定相应的整改措施,提高病历质量,以降低医疗风险。     

某二甲医院临床用血规范化情况调研

目的了解医院临床用血规范化情况。方法抽阅我院2011年1月—2012年12月输血病历共436份,依照卫生部新颁《医疗机构临床用血管理办法》对其进行评估。结果436份病历中合格输血病历257份,占59%;不合格病历179份,占41%。结论成分输血合理性在逐年提高,但根据新《办法》要求,医院输血工作仍存在许多待规范之处,应加大培训以及管理力度,节约血液资源,提高医疗质量。     

输血科工作程序的规范化管理

目的:探讨控制医院不合理用血、输血科规范管理的途径.方法:2006年1月～2009年1月以ISO15189为标准建立质量体系,编写质量控制手册,建立相关程序文件.结果:医院临床用血人次数、自体输血人数、成分血量及其构成比呈逐年上升趋势,全血及其构成比逐年下降;2006年起,输血申请单和取血单的不合格例数及比例逐年下降....     

临床输血的质量管理

输血医学已经发展成为一门涉及多个专业的新兴学科。人们在运用输血疗法的同时，也开始关注输血的副作用、并发症和不必要的浪费。因此，要强调更新输血观念，合理用血，提高医疗用血质量，保证临床用血的安全和有效。     

基层医疗机构输血风险控制的研究

目的规范管理濮阳地区基层医疗机构临床输血,控制输血风险,安全有效输血。方法调查分析基层医疗机构临床输血存在的诸多问题和存在的风险,采取培训指导、建章立制、合格准入、综合考评、动态管理等有效措施。结果基层医疗机构临床用血风险得到有效控制,消除了潜在的问题。结论通过对基层医疗机构临床输血专项管理和标准化血库建设,规范了临床用血行为,确保了用血安全。     

输血前评估对临床合理用血的价值

目的:探讨临床合理用血中,输血前评估的应用价值。方法:抽取我院2014年1月-2015年8月实施输血前评估体系后输血科申请表500份与2012年1月-2013年12月输血科申请表500份,对申请表进行收集整理,总结存在的不合理情况。结果:对照组82份申请表为不合格输血(16.40%)。观察组15份申请表为不合格输血(3.00%)。结论:在临床合理用血中,通过加强输血前评估,可有效降低不合格输血率。     

3116份临床输血申请单质量分析

目的了解临床输血申请单规范填写的情况,分析存在问题,采取有效措施,确保临床用血安全。方法对2012年1~6月期间临床输血申请单3 116份逐项核查,以项目填写完整、规范为合格。结果 3 116份输血申请单中,填写合格的共计2 695份,占86.5%;不合格的421份,占13.5%,不合格共计495处。结论临床输血申请单不规范填写对输血安全和医疗纠纷发生留下隐患,临床医师及输血管理委员会应予重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.