初产妇药物流产与人工流产术后对再妊娠影响的对比观察

目的:比较初产妇药物流产后和人工流产术后对再妊娠的影响,为选择合适、安全的流产方式提供临床参考。方法:采用回顾性调查方法对135例有人工流产术史、126例有药物流产史及130例无流产史的初产妇进行比较,观察其妊娠期和分娩期并发症的发生情况以及妊娠结局。结果:妊娠期人流组先兆流产发生率明显高于药流组和无流产组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.993,P<0.05),其余并发症的发生率各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。分娩期人流组产后出血、胎盘粘连和胎盘残留的发生率明显高于药流组和无产组,χ2分别为22.146、12.211、9.387,P值均<0.05,胎儿窘迫的发生率各组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:初产妇药物流产后对再次妊娠影响小于人工流产术后,可考虑作为临床终止早孕的首先选择。     

CONSERVATIVE MANAGEMENT OF TWIN PREGNANCY WITH SINGLE FETAL DEATH

Objective. Analysis of the cause of intrauterine death of one fetus of twin and to evaluate the outcome of conservative management of twin pregnancy with single fetal death. Method. A retrospective review was undertaken on PUMC hospital records of women who delivered twin between Jan. 1987 and Dec. 1998. Result. During the recent 12 years, 99 pregnant women were documented as twin pregnancies. Of the twin pregnancies during this period, 13 were complicated by a single intrauterine death. Four women suffered this complication during their first trimester. In the remain 9 cases one fetus died dm-ing second or third trimester.The cesarean section was given in three pregnant women soon after a single intrauterine death because of the survival fetal distress. No consumptive coagulopathy was apparent in all 13 pregnant women. It is wise that the pregnancy was managed conservatively, with regular coagulation parameters obtained. Condosion. Our results suptmrt conservative management in twin pregnancies complicated by single fetal death.     

原因不明反复流产妇女血清、蜕膜和绒毛组织中TNF-α含量的检测

目的 :探讨肿瘤坏死因子 ( TNF- α)与反复流产的关系。方法 :采用 ELISΑ方法检测 30例正常早孕妇女及 5 1例原因不明反复流产妇女的血清、蜕膜和绒毛组织中 TNF-α水平。结果 :流产妇女及正常早孕妇女蜕膜组织中 TNF-α水平明显高于绒毛组织 ( P<0 .0 5 ) ;流产妇女血清、蜕膜组织中 TNF-α水平明显高于正常早孕妇女 ( P<0 .0 1 ) ,流产 3次以上者高于流产 3次者( P<0 .0 5 ) ;绒毛组织中 TNF- α水平差异无显著性 ( P>0 .0 5 )。结论 :血清和蜕膜组织中 TNF- α水平升高可能与反复流产有关 ,血清中 TNF- α水平可作为预测流产发生的指标     

Prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus infection and pregnancy outcomes in intravenous drug users

To determine the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on pregnancy outcomes, we prospectively studied female intravenous drug users in a methadone program in New York City. Of 191 women with HIV status known prior to pregnancy, 17 (24%) of 70 seropositives and 26 (22%) of 121 seronegatives became pregnant during 28 months of follow-up. Including 54 additional women first tested for HIV antibody after becoming pregnant, 125 pregnancies were studied in 97 women (39 seropositive, 58 seronegative). None of the seropositive pregnant women had advanced HIV-related disease at entry, and only one developed symptomatic disease (oral candidiasis) during pregnancy. No differences were observed between groups in the frequency of spontaneous or elective abortion, ectopic pregnancy, preterm delivery, stillbirth, or low-birth-weight births. Among women giving birth to live infants, seropositives were more likely than seronegatives to be hospitalized for bacterial pneumonia during pregnancy and had an increased tendency for breech presentation, although these events were infrequent. There were otherwise no differences between groups in the occurrence of antenatal, intrapartum, or neonatal complications. Results suggest that asymptomatic HIV infection is not associated with a decreased pregnancy rate or an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in intravenous drug users, and that an acceleration in HIV-disease status during pregnancy is uncommon.     

Abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome and side effects of a new drug protocol to induce abortion. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: An urban primary care practice. PATIENTS: One hundred consecutive patients who requested elective termination of pregnancies of less than 8 weeks' gestation. INTERVENTION: Subjects received methotrexate (50 mg/m2 body surface area, administered intramuscularly) and, 3 days afterward, misoprostol (800 micrograms, given vaginally). OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of abortions induced within 24 hours and within 10 days of misoprostol administration, number of surgical aspirations conducted because of incomplete abortion, mean amount of bleeding and pain and the number of women who, if faced with the same situation, said they would again choose a drug-induced abortion over a surgical one. RESULTS: Abortion occurred within 24 hours of misoprostol administration among 48 women and within 10 days among 69 women. In total, 89 women had an abortion without surgical aspiration. Of these women, 71 said they would choose a drug-induced abortion if faced with the choice again. CONCLUSION: Abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol appears to be a feasible alternative to surgical abortion and deserves further study.     

凋亡抑制蛋白与血管内皮生长因子在早期自然流产中的表达

目的:比较Survivin与VEGF在正常早孕组、首次自然流产组及反复自然流产组患者绒毛中的表达,分析两者的关联性,探讨两者在早期自然流产发生中的作用及相关性。方法:随机选择3组病例各30例,应用免疫组织化学SP法检测Survivin与VEGF在绒毛滋养层细胞中的定位和表达。结果:两流产组患者绒毛中Survivin与VEGF的表达均低于正常早孕组(均P<0.05)。两流产组间患者绒毛中这两者的表达则无统计学意义(P>0.05)。流产组患者绒毛中Survivin与VEGF呈正相关。结论:早期自然流产的发生可能与Survivin表达减少引起滋养层细胞过度凋亡有关,也与VEGF表达不足致绒毛血管生成障碍有关。两者具有相关性。     

不明原因复发性流产患者生化妊娠史与妊娠结局关系的研究

目的 探讨不明原因复发性流产(URSA)患者的生化妊娠史与妊娠结局的关系.方法 选取U RS A患者192例,根据既往生化妊娠次数,分为无生化妊娠组(A组)66例,1次生化妊娠组(B组)65例,≥2次生化妊娠组(C组)61例.分析并比较3组患者的临床特征及妊娠结局.结果 C组与A组及B组比较,既往自然流产次数(P<0.05)、既往体外受精和胚胎移植自然流产率(P<0.0125)均显著增高,其自然流产率及自然流产伴正常染色体核型(SANK)率也均显著增高(P<0.0125).A组与B组比较,活产率、自然流产率及SANK率差别均无统计学意义(P>0.0125).结论 ≥2次生化妊娠的患者既往复发性流产更为严重,保胎治疗后其活产率较低、自然流产和SANK风险较高.     

自然流产患者的细胞遗传学分析

目的：探讨流产患者染色体异常的核型分布以及染色体平衡易位以生育的影响。方法：9258例自然流产患者进行染色体核型分析。采用淋巴细胞培养，常规收获制处，G显带处理。必须要加做C带、N带分析。结果：本组患者染色的异常率为2．72％，男性和女性分别为2．12％和3．32％，两者差异有显著性（P＜0．01），流产超过3次的患者，其染色体异常率显著性增加（P＜0．01）。在252例异常核型中，平衡易位，数目异常、倒位、缺失和标记染色体分别占81．0％、13．1％、4．0％、0．4％和0．8％，130例平衡易位携者有473次妊娠，流产占90．1％，死胎，分娩异常后代，分娩正常后代，分娩易位后代分别为4．7％、4．0％、1．1％、0．2％，结论：流产患者中，女性染色体异常率高于男性，流产超过3次的患者，其染色体异常显著增加，平衡易位是流产患者主要的异常核型，其妊娠结局以流产为主，应进行遗传咨询和产前诊断。     

妊娠期重症肌无力病人的临床观察

①目的了解妊娠期重症肌无力（MG）病人的临床表现、治疗及对母婴健康的影响。②方法观察65例女性MG病人的妊娠及分娩情况,有肌无力症状者给予AchE抑制剂治疗,疗效不理想时加用免疫抑制剂。③结果65例MG病人的75例次妊娠中,妊娠前缓解的42例次孕期无症状者35例次,出现轻微肌无力症状7例次;停药后有轻微症状的11例次中,孕期症状改善1例次,不变7例次,加重3例次;孕前接受治疗的16例次中,孕后症状改善1例次,不变13例次,加重2例次;未治疗的6例次中,孕期改善1例次,不变5例次。妊娠期加重者只占16％（12／75）。75例次妊娠流产7例次,其中3例次为自然流产,占4％（3／75）;剖宫产9例次,占13％（9／68）。产后1年内MG症状加重者占65％（49／75）。存活的66例新生儿中,2例生后不久出现新生儿肌无力症状（3％）。④结论妊娠不是MG病人禁忌证,MG病人孕期应用AchE抑制剂、免疫抑制剂、血浆置换治疗是安全的。     

Prognosis for fertility and ovarian function after treatment with radioiodine for thyroid cancer

The aim of this study was to review the outcome of ablative radioiodine treatment on ovarian function in young women treated for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Of 1398 patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, 496 were women under the age of 40 at the time of diagnosis who had received radioiodine therapy. Of these, 322 received a single 3 GBq ablation dose of radioiodine while the remainder received subsequent treatment with ¹³¹I with a cumulative activity of 8.5–59 GBq for residual, recurrent, or metastatic disease. Transient amenorrhoea or menstrual irregularities lasting up to 10 months were experienced in 83 patients (17%). No cases of permanent ovarian failure were recorded. There were 427 children born to 276 women; only one patient wishing to achieve a successful pregnancy outcome has been unsuccessful. Four premature births and 14 miscarriages occurred but no congenital abnormalities were reported. The risk of permanent damage to the ovaries after ablative radioiodine treatment appears to be low and patients can be reassured they can have normal pregnancies after this treatment.     

Factor XIII deficiency: a rare cause of repeated abortions

Factor XIII deficiency is a rare cause of early abortion. The obstetrical outcome of four pregnancies in two women with factor XIII deficiency is reported. Both women were treated with substitution therapy using locally-prepared cryoprecipitate. The outcome in these two women demonstrated the need for substitution therapy in early pregnancy leading to an increased chance of obstetrical success.     

主动免疫联合传统安胎治疗复发性流产的疗效观察

目的：探讨淋巴细胞主动免疫联合传统安胎治疗复发性流产的临床疗效。方法：将封闭抗体缺乏所致的复发性流产患者分为两组,一组采用淋巴细胞主动免疫加黄体酮及HCG传统安胎治疗为研究组,另一组采用传统安胎治疗（黄体酮加HCG）为对照组,观察两组疗效及妊娠结局。结果：研究组妊娠成功率为82．9％,对照组为56．8％。两组比较,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：淋巴细胞主动免疫联合黄体酮及HCG治疗封闭抗体缺乏所致的复发性流产临床效果显著,是一种安全可靠的好方法。     

Outcome of pregnancy in patients with congenital heart diseases

This prospective study was conducted to evaluate the outcome of pregnancies in women with congenital heart diseases. In this study 50 pregnant women age between 20-45 years with congenital heart diseases were included. Twenty two (44%) were presented with atrial septal defect, 12(24%) with ventricular septal defect, 5(10%) were with patent ductus arteriosus, 6(12%) with Fallot's tetralogy, 2(4%) with pulmonary stenosis, 2(4%) with Eisenmenger syndrome, 1(2%) with dextrocardia. Shortness of breath (60%) was the main presenting complaint. Normal vaginal delivery (52%) was done in majority of cases. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 16% of pregnancies. Major complications were heart failure 16%, arrhythmias 21%, cardiovascular mortality 4%, preeclampsia 4%, and eclampsia 2%. Premature birth 16%, fetal demise 4%, neonatal death 2% and cardiac anomaly at birth 2% were also observed. The outcome of pregnancy in women with congenital heart diseases is favourable with considerable maternal and neonatal complications.     

药物流产不全209例临床分析

目的：探讨药物流产不全的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析2003年-2006年药物流产不全209例患者,并对其进行分析。结果：≥30岁的早孕妇女发生药物流产不全的生发率显著高于≤29岁的早孕妇女（X2=6．39,P〈0．01）;停经≥50d者的药物不全流产发生率显著高于停经≤49d者（X2=17．33,P〈0．01）;初次妊娠者的药物不全流产发生率高于2次以上妊娠者（X2=6．68,P〈0．01）。结论：药物流产不全的影响因素和孕妇年龄、停经时间以及妊娠次数有关。     

湖北省荆州市某医院未婚重复人工流产女性避孕状况及影响因素调查

目的：研究未婚重复人工流产（以下简称“人流”）女性的避孕状况,为临床干预提供参考与依据。方法：对湖北省荆州医院270例未婚重复人流女性进行调查,调查内容包括年龄、文化程度、职业、人流次数、避孕知识了解途径、本次非意愿妊娠原因、对人流的认识等。结果：未婚重复人流女性存在低龄、文化程度低、无业等趋势,科学避孕意识低,获得避孕知识的途径欠缺,对人流后避孕知识了解不足。结论：在加强计划生育和生殖健康工作的基础上,大力在社会范围内普及避孕知识与技巧,对降低未婚重复人流率有一定意义。     

郑州市2814例纺织女工宫内节育器避孕效果调查

于1990年3～4月对郑州市2814例纺织女工使用宫内节育器(简称IUD)的效果进行了流行病学调查。发现其中脱落87例,带器妊娠及意外妊娠分别为53例和23例,因症取出35例,非因症取出31例,共停用229例,继续存放2585例。120月净累计存放率为每百妇女81.37。据单因素及多因素分析显示,IUD的脱落与年龄、怀孕次数、多次人流有关。带器妊娠和意外妊娠均与怀孕次数、多次人流有关,而与年龄无关。继续存放与IUD存放时间、年龄、怀孕次数、置器年龄、初婚年龄、置器类型、乳期放置、流产次数及初产年龄有关。以上各项失败结局均与劳动强度、劳动姿势无明显关系。     

Spontaneous abortion and diabetes mellitus.

In 58 consecutive pregnancies in insulin-dependent diabetic women, glycosylated haemoglobin levels were abnormally high in 78% at the time of booking for antenatal care. Spontaneous abortion was the outcome in 15 pregnancies, 10 occurring before the 15th week of gestation. Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in those women who aborted spontaneously than in women who delivered successfully (12.8 +/- 1.8% v. 11.2 +/- 2.3%, mean +/- s.d.). These results emphasise the inadequacy of diabetic control in the first trimester and lend further support to the importance of good control at this critical time in insulin-dependent diabetes.     

外周血淋巴细胞亚群及其细胞因子在反复自然流产患者的变化及临床意义

目的探讨反复自然流产患者外周血中Th1/Th2亚群水平及其细胞因子的变化,研究在反复自然流产患者中的意义。方法采用流式细胞仪检测和用酶联免疫吸附法检测30例反复自然流产患者血液中的Th1/Th2亚群水平,并以30例正常健康早孕组为对照。结果反复自然流产患者Th1和IFN-γ高于对照组,Th2和IL-10低于对照组数据比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论反复自然流产患者的Th1/Th2和细胞因子失衡可能是反复自然流产的原因,需加以重视。     

封闭抗体缺乏性自然流产者的中药治疗

研究中药治疗封闭抗体缺乏性自然流产患者对母胎免疫的调节作用。以补肾益气清热方治疗先兆流产（TA）和反复自然流产（RSA）共108例，其中92例治疗前后检测母血封闭抗体：封闭效率（BE）、抗独特型抗体（AIA）和细胞毒抗体（CTA）。结果：分析封闭抗体3项指标缺乏的发生率，TA与RSA间比较无显著性差异（P＞0.05），异常低下的3项指标经治疗后明显上升（P＜0.05～0.0005）则保胎成功108例，保胎成功率90.74％，其中封闭抗体缺乏TA和RSA患者保胎成功率分别为91.11％、88．10％。经治疗后异常低下3项指标不变（P＞0．5），或正常指标明显下降（P＜0.01～0．005）则保胎失败。结论：妊娠成功与治疗后封闭抗体明显上升密切相关。提示中药通过对母胎免疫调节而起到治疗作用。     

Multivitamin/folic acid supplementation in early pregnancy reduces the prevalence of neural tube defects

We examined the relation of multivitamin intake in general, and folic acid in particular, to the risk of neural tube defects in a cohort of 23,491 women undergoing maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein screening or amniocentesis around 16 weeks of gestation. Complete questionnaires and subsequent pregnancy outcome information was obtained in 22,776 pregnancies, 49 of which ended in a neural tube defect. The prevalence of neural tube defect was 3.5 per 1000 among women who never used multivitamins before or after conception or who used multivitamins before conception only. The prevalence of neural tube defects for women who used folic acid-containing multivitamins during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy was substantially lower--0.9 per 1000 (prevalence ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.12 to 0.59 compared with never users). For women who used multivitamins without folic acid during the first 6 weeks of pregnancy and women who used multivitamins containing folic acid beginning after 7 or more weeks of pregnancy, the prevalences were similar to that of the nonusers and the prevalence ratios were close to 1.0.