~(18)F氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层成像术/计算机断层扫描显像在胆囊癌中的诊断价值

目的总结胆囊癌的氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射断层成像术/计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)显像特征,提高胆囊癌早期诊断准确性。方法回顾25例疑似胆囊癌患者的18F-FDG PET/CT表现,对显像结果采用半定量和目测法分析,分别与单纯PET、CT、病理检查及临床结果进行对比研究。结果 25例胆囊疾患中恶性肿瘤21例(其中原发胆囊癌19例,胆囊癌术后复发2例),良性病变4例;胆囊床受侵及肝内转移14例、十二指肠受侵2例、骨骼等远处转移3例、腹腔及腹膜后淋巴结转移17例;PET/CT诊断胆囊癌的敏感性为95%、特异性为75%、准确性为92%。结论 18F-FDG PET/CT显像对胆囊癌的诊断及鉴别诊断、临床分期具有重要价值,并可准确监测疗效。     

18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层扫描在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨18氟-氟代脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET/CT)在肺癌早期诊断中的应用价值.方法 对2010年6月至2012年10月复旦大学附属中山医院收治的347例肺部占位性病变进行回顾性研究,分析PET/CT的诊断效度以及病变形态、病理类型、血清肿瘤标志物水平对其诊断效度与病灶FDG最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)的影响,评价PET/CT联合肿瘤标志物检测对肺部占位的早期诊断价值.结果 SUVmax与病灶大小呈正相关(r=0.484,P＜0.05),与肿瘤的分化程度呈负相关(r=-0.232,P＜0.01),且肿瘤标志物阳性者病灶SUVm.显著高于阴性者(10.6±5.5比7.6±5.4,P＜0.05);PET/CT诊断肺癌的特异度、敏感度、准确度分别为50.0％、96.6％、89.3％,且病灶越大,诊断的准确度越高(P＜0.05);PET/CT联合血清肿瘤标志物检测可使PET/CT诊断肺癌的特异度提高30％左右(P＜0.01).结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对肺结节的早期诊断有较高的价值,对肺癌的分化程度也有一定的提示作用,联合血清肿瘤标志物检测可提高肺癌早期诊断的特异度.     

18F-氟代脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射断层扫描技术在恶性淋巴瘤临床分期及疗效随访中的应用

准确的临床分期是拟定放、化疗等治疗方案和判断预后的基础。本研究对 35例恶性淋巴瘤患者进行了治疗前后的18Ｆ 氟代脱氧葡萄糖 正电子发射断层扫描技术 ( 18Ｆ ＦＤＧ ＰＥＴ)显像 ,以评价18Ｆ ＦＤＧ ＰＥＴ在淋巴瘤临床分期及疗效随访中的作用 ,并与ＣＴ及病理检查作比较 ,现报道如下。一、对象与方法1.对象 :1999年 10月～ 2 0 0 2年 9月期间在广东省人民医院血液科门诊及病房诊治的恶性淋巴瘤患者 35例 ,均经淋巴组织活检及手术病理检查证实为霍奇金病 (ＨＤ)和非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (ＮＨＬ)。男 2 1例 ,女 14例 ,年龄在 17岁～ 75岁之间 …     

体部弥漫大B淋巴瘤PET⁃CT脑葡萄糖代谢改变情况分析

目的：采用统计参数图（statistical parametric mapping,SPM）方法分析体部弥漫大B淋巴瘤（diffuse large B?cell lymphoma,DLBCL）患者脑葡萄糖代谢改变模式。方法：入选52例均无脑部受累的体部DLBCL患者以及52例性别、年龄匹配的健康体检者进行常规体部及脑部18氟?脱氧葡萄糖（18F?fluorodeoxyglucose,18F?FDG）,正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET?CT）检查。2组图像进行视觉分析后用SPM方法进行两组之间的t检验获得两组间有差异脑区的Talairach坐标值。测量患者体部肿瘤总体积（whole?body metabolic tumor volume,MTVwb）及肿瘤糖酵解总量（whole?body total lesion glycolysis,TLGwb）,分析MTVwb、TLGwb与脑葡萄糖代谢改变之间的相关性。结果：DLBCL视觉可见脑皮层弥漫性、对称性的代谢减低,基底节区代谢相对增高。SPM分析结果显示,双侧额顶颞枕皮层广泛葡萄糖代谢减低（P < 0.001）,仅中央前后回未受影响。右侧丘脑枕核葡萄糖代谢亦有所减低。DLBCL患者脑葡萄糖代谢增高的区域则广泛分布于除枕叶外的皮层下白质区、右侧海马区、左侧基底节、双侧苍白球及双侧小脑扁桃体区等部位。部分脑区SPM分析颞顶枕等部位可见小灶性脑区的葡萄糖代谢程度与MTVwb、TLGwb呈负相关（P < 0.001）。结论：DLBCL患者脑内葡萄糖代谢改变有较为特定的模式,并且一些脑区与体部肿瘤的葡萄糖代谢负荷存在负相关。在体部DLBCL的评价中有必要关注脑代谢的改变。     

18F-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像在库欣病诊断和术前定位中的价值

目的 评价18F-脱氧葡萄糖(<'18>FDG)正电子发射计算机断层显像 (PET)/CT在库欣病定性和定位诊断中的价值.方法 12 例经口鼻蝶窦垂体腺瘤切除后病理证实为库欣病患者,术前行<'18> FDG PET/CT躯干和脑显像,同期行鞍区核磁共振成像 (MRI)和奥曲肽全身显像,6例行岩下窦静脉取血 (IPSS).结果 12 例PET/CT 躯干显像均未见异常,脑显像对垂体病变诊断的阳性率为91.6%(11/12),MRI对垂体病变诊断的阳性率为66.7%(8/12),6例IPSS 中5例定位为垂体,定侧准确率为50%(3/6).结论 <'18>FDG PET/CT躯干显像可协助除外异位促肾上腺皮质激素综合征,而脑显像对库欣病定位的准确率明显高于MRI,尤其对MRI检查阴性和IPSS无法定位患者的术前诊断有重要意义.     

18氟-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射计算机断层显像在探测乳腺癌复发和转移中的应用

目的 对30例乳腺癌术后患者进行^18氟－脱氧葡萄糖（^18F－DG）正电子发射计算机断层显像（PET）检查，评价其在探测乳腺癌复发和转移中的应用价值。方法 30例经治疗后临床疑有肿瘤复发或转移的乳腺癌患者均进行FDG PET全身显像，应用目测法和半定量分析法判断结果（标准摄取值，SUV）。分别对每例患者及其病灶进行分析，比较FDG PET与常规影像学检查对病灶检出率的不同。结果 30例患者中，12例PET检查未见异常，18例可见局部复发和／或转移。1例骨转移患者PET为阳性。FDG PET检测灵敏度为97.4%，仙影像学检查灵敏度为73.7%。在122个肿瘤转移灶中，PET检出116个（95％），常规影像学检查检出84个（69％），FDG PET对病灶的检出率明显高于常规影像学检查（P＜0.001）。结论 FDG PET全身显像有助于早期诊断乳腺癌治疗后的肿瘤复发和／或转移。     

PET联合CT在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)的诊断价值及特征研究

目的 探讨正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)联合CT应用于诊断DLBCL的价值及特征.方法 选取2018年4月—2019年12月作为本次研究区间,选择在此区间内洛阳市中心医院收治的110例疑似DLBCL患者作为本次研究对象,所有患者均接受PET/CT检查,记录其PET/CT检查结果并与最终病理确诊结果对比,计算PET/...     

18F-双脱氧葡萄糖全身PET显像寻找肿瘤原发灶的诊断价值

目的:应用18F-双脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)正电子发射计算机断层扫描显像(PET)寻找转移瘤原发灶,探讨其影像特征及临床应用价值. 方法:应用18F-FDG PET显像于39例疑诊为原发灶不明的转移癌患者,并与临床随诊、组织活检、手术病理和其他影像临床资料对照. 采用18F-FDG PET全身显像,依据影像目测法和标准化摄取值(SUV)进行综合评价. 结果:39例原发灶不明的转移瘤患者中,18F-FDG PET 显像发现可疑肿瘤原发灶25例,位于肺脏者14例,肝脏者1例,胃1例,胰腺2例,结直肠3例,纵隔1例,鼻咽1例和肾1例. 其中24例病理证实为恶性肿瘤,1例假阳性为肺结核. 18F-FDG PET对原发灶的检出率为61.5%(24/39). 另外,18F-FDG PET显像除检查出临床及其他影像学原先发现的转移灶外,还多检出转移灶37个. 14例PET显像未发现转移瘤原发灶者,经12 mo的观察随访6例死亡,死亡率43.0%(6/14);而24例PET显像确定原发灶者经过针对性治疗,死亡7例,死亡率29.0%(7/24). 结论:应用18F-FDG PET显像寻找转移瘤原发灶是一种简便、快速、无创、灵敏的方法,对临床分期、指导治疗及预后的改善均有一定价值.     

11C-methionine and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT in the evaluation of patients with suspected primary and residual/recurrent gliomas

Background  ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is the most widely used radiotracer in tumor imaging, but its use for brain gliomas and recurrence is limited by the high ¹⁸F-FDG uptake in normal brain tissue. ¹¹C-methionine (MET) has low uptake in the normal brain tissue, providing potential advantages over ¹⁸F-FDG. The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of ¹¹C-MET compared to ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with suspected primary and residual/recurrent gliomas.

Methods  Eighty paired PET/CT scans using ¹¹C-MET and ¹⁸F-FDG were performed on 44 newly diagnosed patients with suspected gliomas and 36 post-operative patients with suspected residual/recurrent tumors. PET/CT results were evaluated by visual and semiquantitative analysis. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detection of gliomas and residual/recurrent tumors were calculated using visual analysis. Tumor to contralateral normal gray matter (T/G) ratio was calculated for semiquantitative analysis.

Results  Final pathology of the 44 newly diagnosed patients included 26 gliomas (14 high-grade and 12 low-grade tumors) and 18 non-glioma benign lesions. Residual/recurrent gliomas were verified in 28 patients and excluded in 8/36 post-operative patients by subsequent histopathologic examination and/or clinical follow-up for more than six months. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹¹C-MET PET/CT were 88.5%, 83.3% and 86.4% for gliomas and 96.4%, 87.5% and 94.4% for residual/recurrent gliomas, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were 50.0%, 88.9% and 65.9% for gliomas and 46.4%, 100.0% and 58.3% for residual/recurrent gliomas, respectively. ¹¹C-MET had a higher sensitivity than ¹⁸F-FDG (83.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.031) in low-grade gliomas, but had no significant difference in sensitivity from ¹⁸F-FDG for high-grade gliomas (92.9% vs. 64.3%, P=0.219). ¹¹C-MET T/G uptake ratios in high-grade gliomas, low-grade gliomas and benign lesions were 1.94±0.53, 1.78±0.61 and 1.06±0.34, respectively. ¹⁸F-FDG T/G uptake ratios in high-grade gliomas, low-grade gliomas and benign lesions were 1.05±0.37, 0.66±0.14 and 0.63±0.17, respectively.

Conclusions  ¹¹C-MET PET/CT is superior to ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in detecting and delineating gliomas and residual/recurrent tumors, especially low-grade gliomas and residual/recurrent lesions present in gray matter, but its role in non-invasive grading of the tumors is limited.

     

Clinical applications of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in carcinoma of unknown primary

Background  Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumors with varying clinical features. The management of patients of CUP remains a clinical challenge. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical applications of integrated ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) information in patients with CUP, including detecting the occult primary tumor and effecting on disease therapy.

Methods  One hundred and forty-nine patients with histologically-proven metastases of CUP were included. For all patients, the conventional diagnostic work-up was unsuccessful in localizing the primary site. Whole-body PET/CT images were obtained approximately 60 minutes after intravenous injection of 350–425 MBq of ¹⁸F-FDG.

Results  In 24.8% of patients, FDG PET/CT detected primary tumors that were not apparent after conventional workup. In this group of patients, the overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of FDG PET/CT in detecting unknown primary tumors were 86.0%, 87.7%, and 87.2%, respectively. FDG PET/CT imaging also led to the detection of previously unrecognized metastases in 29.5% of patients. Forty-seven (31.5%, 47 of 149) patients underwent a change in therapeutic management.

Conclusions  FDG PET/CT is a valuable tool in patients with CUP, because it assisted in detecting unknown primary tumors and previously unrecognized distant metastases, and optimized the mangement of these patients.

     

18F-FDG PET/CT在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤临床分期及评价化疗反应的价值

目的:探讨18F-FDG PET/CT对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse B-cell large lymphoma,DLBCL)临床分期及评价化疗中期治疗反应的价值?方法:29例初诊的DLBCL化疗前和化疗中期均行18F-FDG PET/CT检查,根据肿瘤对化疗的反应将病例分为无反应组?部分反应组及完全反应组,采用χ2检验和Fisher确切概率法比较3组患者的完全缓解率?结果:18F-FDG PET/CT改变了10.3%(3/29)患者的临床分期?无反应组?部分反应组及完全反应组的临床完全缓解率分别为16.7%(1/6)?69.2% (9/13) 和80.0% (8/10),3组间差异有统计学意义(χ2 = 7.033,P = 0.030)?完全反应组?部分反应组的完全缓解率明显高于无反应组(χ2 = 4.310,P = 0.038;χ2 = 5.730,P = 0.017)?结论:18F-FDG PET/CT显像有助于临床分期;化疗中期18F-FDG PET/CT显像有助于预测化疗疗效?     

18F-FDG-PET/CT在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤中的分期诊断价值

目的旨在对比18F-FDG-PET/CT与CT在弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）中的分期诊断价值,分析DLBCL病灶的18F-FDG-PET/CT显像及分布特点。方法32例以淋巴结病理确诊的DLBCL患者,同时以18F-FDG-PET/CT及CT评价分期,18F-FDG-PET/CT及CT测量肿瘤病灶的部位、大小及SUVmax,计算与纵隔大血管主动脉弓血池SUVmax比值（T/MB）。结果18F-FDG-PET/CT及CT检测DLBCL病灶的一致率为70.6%,其敏感性分别为100%、75.8%,特异性分别为96%、4%,阳性预测值分别为99.7%、91.5%,阴性预测值分别为100%、1.2%,假阳性率分别为4%、96%,假阴性率分别为0、24.2%,准确率为99.7%、70.9%。结论18F-FDG-PET/CT对DLBCL检测的敏感性、特异性均明显好于CT,对多种结外病灶尤其是骨骼侵润的诊断较CT具有优越性,能够协助临床准确分期。DLBCL病灶的18F-FDG-PET/CT显像分布特点及T/MB值可供临床医生参考。     

正电子发射断层显像中子宫和卵巢生理性摄取的特点

目的了解正电子发射断层显像(PET)中女性子宫和卵巢生理性摄取的特点和规律。方法对247例女性受试者共进行了288次PET检查,其中恶性肿瘤164例,良性病变44例,正常39例,均无盆腔病变。分析比较子宫和卵巢摄取18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG)的高低与所处月经周期时段的关系。结果月经规律患者116例,共行131次PET检查,其高、中度子宫内膜摄取多出现在月经早期或中期,呈倒置椎形,尖端指向膀胱后方;一侧或双侧卵巢摄取常在月经中期出现,多呈卵圆形,位于膀胱后上方两侧;月经来潮后期和增殖早期无明显子宫或卵巢摄取的可能性最大,分别为86%和80%。17例(19次PET)月经明显不规律、112例(136次PET)停经和2例尚未开始来月经者均无子宫、卵巢高摄取。结论子宫和卵巢对18F-FDG的生理性摄取随月经周期而变化,正确认识可避免误诊,通过选择检查时机可减少其影响。     

恶性淋巴瘤正电子发射型断层扫描技术检查的临床意义

目的分析恶性淋巴瘤患者的正电子发射型断层扫描技术(PET)检查结果和临床情况,探讨这一新的影象学检查在恶性淋巴瘤诊治中的特点及临床意义。方法对20例恶性淋巴瘤患者行PET检查,并对其中16例行CT或MRI检查。结果(1)20例PET检查的恶性淋巴瘤患者诊断符合率高于行CT、MRI检查的患者;(2)对估计临床分期有参考作用方面PET 为100%,CT、MRI 占66.7%;(3)初步显示PET检查荧光脱氧核糖(FDG)摄取值高低可对区分淋巴瘤的恶性程度及预后提供依据;(4)20例患者根据PET检查代谢值变化及时调整治疗,治疗有效率为85.7%。对照组缺乏此信息,治疗调整者及治疗有效率低于前者。结论PET检查将形态改变和代谢变化有机结合的特点,在恶性淋巴瘤全身探查、早期发现病变、定量分析、显示代谢功能、监测疗效、评估预后诸方面都有其优越性。该检查安全可行,但应注意鉴别假阳性反应;有糖尿病的患者需注意示踪剂对血糖的暂时影响。     

Combination of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging is an optimal way to evaluate rheumatoid arthritis in rats dynamically

Background Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is a chronic,systemic autoimmune inflammatory disorder.Many methods have been used to observe the progress of RA.The purpose of this study was to observe the progress of RA in rats with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose （FDG） positron emission tomography/computed tomography （PET/CT）,magnetic resonance （MR） imaging and arthritis score,and analyze the relationships among different methods in evaluation of RA.Methods Sixteen healthy Sprague Dawley （SD） rats about 8-week old were randomly assigned to a RA group and a control group.Bovine type Ⅱ emulsified incomplete Freud＇s adjuvant was used to induce arthritis in the RA group.Arthritis score of the rats in two groups were recorded,and 18F-FDG PET/CT,MR imaging were performed both on the corresponding rats every 3 days.All the rats were sacrificed at week 5,and histopathological examination was performed on rat knees stained with haematoxylin and eosin.Results The arthritis score and the standard uptake value （SUV） of knee joints in RA rats increased with the progression of arthritis gradually.Both peaks of arthritis score and SUV appeared at 21 days after the first immune injection,then the arthritis score and SUV of knee joints decreased slowly.The arthritis scores of knee joints in RA rats were positively correlated with their SUV changes.The MR images were confirmed by the histopathological studies.Conclusion PET/CT can detect the earliest molecular metabolism changes of RA,and MR imaging can follow up the dynamical anatomical changes of RA,all of which indicated that PET/CT and MR imaging may be applied as useful tools to monitor the progress of RA.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在原发性骨肉瘤诊断中的影像学特征

目的：探讨18F-FDG PET/CT显像在骨肉瘤诊断中的影像学特征.方法：对在2005年1月至2011年5月在本院就诊经病理检查确诊的原发性骨肉瘤患者行18F-FDG PET/CT全身显像,采用感兴趣区（ ROI）技术计算肿瘤病灶的SUVmax,同时分析同机CT扫描图像的影像学特点,着重研究肿瘤新生骨及软组织肿块特点.结果：10例原发性骨肉瘤患者的原发病灶均位于干骺端,其中位于股骨下端6例,肱骨上端2例,股骨颈和胫骨上段各1例,1例发现有“跳跃性转移灶”.同机CT影像表现为骨质破坏、肿瘤骨、骨膜反应或骨膜三角和软组织肿块.其中,肿瘤骨对18F-FDG呈低摄取,而非癌骨区或软组织肿块对18F-FDG摄取明显增高.“跳跃性转移灶”呈明显18F-FDG高摄取.结论：18F-FDG PET/CT实现了对原发性骨肉瘤解剖结构改变和代谢变化的优势互补,对骨肉瘤的诊断及治疗提供了依据.     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤预后生物标志物的进展

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤是一种异质性肿瘤,捕获与患者预后相关的分子和蛋白标志物,建立生物标志物预后模型来预测患者的不良结局和进行风险分层,对更好地管理患者和指导治疗十分重要。     

^18FDG PET在鼻咽癌放疗后鼻咽部复发或残留再程三维适形放疗中的临床价值

目的 探讨^18氟-脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描仪（^18FDG PET）在鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻咽部复发或残留再程三维适形放射治疗（3DCRT）中的临床应用价值。方法 对36例首程放射治疗后鼻咽部复发或残留的鼻咽癌患者．采用CT模拟定位，结合^18FDG PET确定靶区范围，应用三维适形放射治疗，观察CT与^18FDG PET确定靶区大小的差异、疗效和并发症。结果 36例患者中，^18FD GPET较CT而言，大体肿瘤体积大小无变化的占36．1％（13／36）、增加的占16．7％（6／36）、缩小的占47．2％（17／36）。1、2、3年局部控制率分别为97.2％、75．0％、58.3％；1、2、3年生存率分别为94．4％、86．1％、72．0％；1、2、3年无瘤生存率分别为85．7％、76．6％、56．1％。急性放射反应主要是急性放射性口咽、鼻咽粘膜炎和口干，多为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级。晚期放射损伤包括听力丧失5．6％（2／36）、张口困难25．0％（9／36）、吞咽困难8．3％（3／36）、慢性副鼻窦炎33．3％（12／36）、脑神经损伤13．9％（5／36）。结论 三维适形放射治疗结合^18FDG PET确定靶区范围在鼻咽癌放射治疗后鼻咽部局部复发或残留中有较好的疗效，同时由于靶区缩小而使放射损伤发生率降低。