复方止血贴止血作用的研究

摘 要 目的：研究复方止血贴中各成分的止血作用。方法: 通过家兔全血体外凝血考察复方止血贴中各成分对凝血时间的影响。建立大鼠股动脉创伤模型和猪股动脉穿孔出血模型,考察复方止血贴中各成分对出血时间和出血量的影响。 结果: 与空白对照组及盐水对照组比较,复方止血贴3个浓度组和凝血酶组的家兔全血体外凝血时间显著缩短（P＜0.01）;与空白对照组比较,复方止血贴3个剂量组和凝血酶贴组均能显著缩短大鼠股动脉破裂的出血时间和减少出血量（P<0.05或P＜0.01）;猪股动脉穿孔出血模型试验结果显示,复方止血贴组与凝血酶贴组比较止血时间显著缩短（P<0.05）。结论:复方止血贴具有明显缩短凝血时间、减少出血量的作用。     

参芪止血胶囊止血作用的实验研究

目的观察参芪止血胶囊止血的作用机制。方法以雌性SD大鼠为研究对象，将其随机分为正常组，参芪止血胶囊低、中、高剂量组（以下简称参低、中、高组）和宫血宁组。测定大鼠出血时间（BT），凝血时间（CT），凝血酶原时间（PT）和活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）并进行比较分析。结果与正常组比较，参芪止血胶囊能够显著缩短BT、CT、PT和APTT的时间（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），与宫血宁组比较，参中组缩短BT、CT上有统计学意义。结论参芪止血胶囊能有效止血。     

外伤止血贴片的止血作用研究

目的研究外伤止血贴片中各成分的止血作用。方法采用犬全血体外凝血、兔肝溢血模型、猪股动脉穿孔出血模型等方法对外伤止血贴片及各主要成分的止血作用进行评价。结果犬全血体外凝血实验结果显示,外伤止血贴片高、中、低3个浓度和凝血酶组能明显缩短犬血体外凝血时间。兔肝溢血模型实验结果显示,外伤止血贴片高、中、低剂量组,凝血酶组能显著缩短兔肝溢血模型的凝血时间,并能显著减少出血量。猪股动脉穿孔出血模型实验结果显示,外伤止血贴片与凝血酶比较,止血时间明显缩短,表明氨基己酸可增强凝血块的稳定性,从而防止出血的复发。结论外伤止血贴片具有明显缩短凝血时间、减少出血量的作用。     

止血宝治疗出血性疾病的临床观察

本文用止血宝治疗各种原因引起的不同部位的出血患者100例,总有效率98%,未发现明显副作用。结果表明:止血宝适于治疗各种原因引起的不同部位出血患者。     

痛血康止血作用的实验研究

痛血康对免动脉和肝脏创伤性出血,小鼠断尾出血和兔、小鼠凝血时间有明显的止血和雌短凝血时间的作用,并拮抗肝素和华法令引起的小鼠病理性出血,效应与剂量相关。     

阿胶补血、抗疲劳以及止血作用研究

目的 对阿胶的补血、抗疲劳、抗氧化、止血的功效进行研究。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、生血丸1.5 g/kg组和阿胶1.500、0.750、0.375 g/kg组,ig给药14 d,采用乙酰苯肼联合环磷酰胺制备大鼠复合血虚模型,检测大鼠游泳力竭时间,进行血液学及血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平检测,考察阿胶的补血、抗疲劳、抗氧化作用;ICR小鼠随机分为对照组、生血丸3 g/kg组和阿胶3.00、1.50、0.75 g/kg组,ig给药15 d,以毛细管法和剪尾法测定凝血时间（CT）和出血时间（BT）;采用肝素化大鼠出血模型考察阿胶的止血作用及可能机制。结果 在复合血虚模型中,与模型组比较,阿胶1.50、0.75 g/kg能够明显延长大鼠游泳时间（P<0.05、0.01）,体力耗竭速度减慢;1.5 g/kg可升高红细胞计数（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）浓度、红细胞压积（HCT）、淋巴细胞（LYM）百分比（P<0.05）;1.500、0.750、0.375 g/kg显著降低血清中MDA的含量（P<0.01）。在正常血液功能检测中,3.00、1.50 g/kg阿胶能够显著缩短CT和BT（P<0.05）,改善率最大可达29.4%。在肝素化出血模型中,1.5 g/kg阿胶可显著逆转肝素化所致的凝血酶原时间（PT）延长（P<0.05）。结论 阿胶具有"升红"、提高免疫力、抗氧化、抗疲劳的药理活性,且能够拮抗血液的肝素化,对凝血因子可能具有活化作用,起到止血收敛的作用。     

小分子阿胶抗疲劳、抗氧化及止血作用研究

目的探讨小分子阿胶的抗疲劳、抗氧化及止血作用。方法建立大鼠复合血虚模型,检测游泳力竭时间、血液学指标及血清超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、丙二醛(maleic dialdehyde,MDA)、脂质过氧化物(lipid peroxide,LPO)水平,考察小分子阿胶的抗疲劳、抗氧化作用。测定ICR小鼠出血时间(bleeding time,BT)、凝血时间(clotting time,CT)。建立大鼠血热出血模型和肝素化出血模型,考察小分子阿胶在止血方面的作用及可能的机制。结果与模型组比较,小分子阿胶各剂量均明显延长大鼠游泳力竭时间(P<0.05,P<0.01),明显降低血清MDA、LPO含量(P<0.05,P<0.01);小分子阿胶1.500、0.375 g·kg~(-1)明显升高大鼠血中淋巴细胞数量(P<0.05);3.00、1.50 g·kg~(-1)明显缩短小鼠BT和CT(P<0.05);1.500 g·kg~(-1)逆转延长的凝血酶原时间(P<0.05,P<0.01),逆转血细胞的不良改变。结论小分子阿胶具有抗疲劳、抗氧化、增强耐力的作用,并有止血的功效。     

多聚糖粉的局部止血及生物相容性的研究

目的 研究多聚糖粉的局部止血效果和生物相容性.方法 将新西兰兔随机分为空白、阳性组(AristaTM AH)和多聚糖粉组,分别制备耳中心动脉、耳缘静脉、肌肉及肝脏出血模型,测定止血时间;术后,在肌肉及肝脏埋置多聚糖粉,观察其对伤口愈合、局部组织及血液的影响.结果 多聚糖粉组较空白组的止血时间显著缩短,对伤口愈合、局部组织及血液基本无影响.结论 多聚糖粉的局部止血效果显著,且具良好的生物相容性.     

吸收性氧化纤维素止血胶囊的止血作用研究

目的研究吸收性氧化纤维素止血胶囊(XYZJ)的止血作用和止血机制。方法通过小鼠凝血、断尾止血模型和大鼠血小板聚集实验,评价本品的止血作用;通过血小板活化实验研究本品的止血机制。结果本品各剂量组小鼠体外凝血和外伤出血时间明显小于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);本品高、中剂量组1~5min血小板聚集度明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01);本品高、中剂量组颗粒膜蛋白(CD62P)血小板阳性表达率明显高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论吸收性氧化纤维素止血胶囊有一定的止血作用,其止血作用可能是缩短凝血时间和增加血小板聚集度,其止血的机制可能是增强血小板活化功能。     

Quantification of in vivo gastric fluid volume in Bama miniature pigs in fasted state

Although the study of bioequivalence waivers in humans is already well‐established, their application and translation into animals, which are complicated by differences in physiology, have only recently become subjects of interest. The main purpose of this paper is to quantify the liquid volume affecting drug dissolution in pig stomachs. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to scan 18 Bama miniature pigs weighing 15, 30 or 50 kg. Amira 6.0.1 software was used for 3D image processing. We found that the gastric fluid volume had a linear relationship with the weight of pig (R² = 0.9935) over this weight range. The pig weight, therefore, could be used as a surrogate for the fasted gastric fluid volume. After combining data of gastric fluid secretion and drinking water volumes, our results could be used as a reference for the evaluation of oral drug absorption in pigs.     

高脂高糖饮食联合链脲佐菌素构建巴马小型猪2型糖尿病模型稳定性研究

目的应用高脂高糖饮食联合链脲佐菌素(STZ)构建巴马小型猪2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型,探讨STZ对巴马小型猪糖尿病成模的影响,为糖尿病相关研究提供安全稳定的动物模型。方法选用健康雄性巴马小型猪10只,随机分为2组:对照组5例,喂养普通饲料;糖尿病模型组5只,喂养高脂高糖饲料,上述2组共喂养10月。11月初糖尿病模型组腹腔注射STZ 100mg/kg,1周后重复1次;对照组腹腔注射等剂量柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液。观察2组小型猪体质量、空腹血糖(FPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平,行胰腺组织病理学检查、胰岛B细胞免疫组织化学染色分析,同时计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)。结果 1高脂高糖饲料喂养10月后,模型组小型猪体重、FBG、FINS及HOMA-IR高于对照组(P<0.01);2模型组STZ给药后(12月末试验结束时),与对照组相比,模型组的FPG进一步升高,FINS水平明显下降(P<0.01);3胰腺HE及免疫组织化学染色:成模组镜下胰岛整体形态萎缩,胰岛B细胞数目明显减少。结论采用高脂高糖饮食联合腹腔多次注射STZ可以成功构建巴马小型猪2型糖尿病模型,该方法操作简单、成模率高、稳定性较好。     

巴马小型猪植入式遥测动物模型的建立及应用

目的 基于遥测技术建立适用于监测清醒自由活动状态下巴马小型猪心电、血压、体温等生理指标的动物模型,为其在安全药理学研究中的应用提供支持。方法 8只巴马小型猪（雌雄各半）经手术植入植入子,手术后恢复3~4周,经体格检查确认已完全恢复后,采用EMKA遥测系统连续监测至少24 h心电图、血压等生理指标,包括心率、PR间期、QRS间期、QT间期、校正QT （QTcv）间期、体温、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、平均动脉压（MBP）,并于次周重复监测1次。对巴马小型猪的24 h指标变化进行分析,并与Beagle犬和食蟹猴数据进行种属间比对分析。结果 巴马小型猪的心电数据和血压数据昼夜节律均不明显;体温呈现明显的昼夜节律,白天体温高,夜间体温低;动物的心率、血压和体温均受外界影响比较大,与动物的活动呈现明显的相关性;与Beagle犬和食蟹猴比较,巴马小型猪的心率和人类最为相似,SBP仅稍高于人类。结论 通过体内植入植入子,成功建立了巴马小型猪植入式遥测动物模型;与Beagle犬和食蟹猴比较,巴马小型猪更适合用于药物对心血管系统影响的评价。     

Effect of nilvadipine on balloon catheterization-induced intimal thickening of the coronary artery in miniature pigs.

The effect of nilvadipine on balloon catheterization-induced intimal thickening of the coronary artery was examined in miniature pigs. A diffuse intimal thickening was observed in vehicle-treated controls 6 weeks after balloon catheterization. The histologic features of the intimal thickening resembled those of early atherosclerotic lesions and restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Nilvadipine given in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg (subcutaneously, s.c.) for 6 weeks significantly inhibited intimal thickening. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of the intima to the cross-sectional area of the media was significantly reduced by 62% in nilvadipine-treated animals. These results suggest that nilvadipine may prevent or exert beneficial effects on coronary arterial injuries such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after PTCA.     

Gastric acid secretion in conscious miniature pigs

Summary Gastric acid secretion was studied in 5 miniature pigs provided with a chronic gastric fistula. Basal secretion did not change during the growth of the animals. Histamine, carbachol, and pentagastrin produced a dose-dependent volume and acid response. The highest peak acid output (PAO) was achieved with histamine. The maximal peak volume output after histamine was only exceeded by carbachol which was due to an excessive salivation. The maximal PAO after carbachol and pentagastrin as well as the maximal peak volume output after pentagastrin were very low. The poor secretory responses to carbachol and pentagastrin are discussed in the light of possible inhibitory mechanisms or of drug-receptor-interactions.Supported by a grant from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

介绍一种股动脉介入术后压迫止血固定器

经皮冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)、选择性冠状动脉造影术(SCA)及冠状动脉支架(STEVT)植入术是当前冠心病介入检查和治疗的常用技术。由于股动脉具有粗直、固定、搏动明显及便于穿刺等特点，股动脉是医务人员首选的动脉，但在介入术后极易出现穿刺点出血、血肿并发症及腰背酸痛、烦躁、失眠、尿潴留等不     

Rebamipide prevents periarterial blood-induced vasospasm in the rat femoral artery model.

We examined the effect of rebamipide on the vasospasm induced by periarterial blood. In the in vitro study, the significant production of superoxide anion that was identified 3 hours after application of 10% whole blood to the rat aortic segments was inhibited by rebamipide (100 and 300 microM) and these results were correlated with the in vitro intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on the femoral artery. In the in vivo study, there was an increased mobilization of granulocytes in parallel with a large expression of ICAM-1 in the vessels 24 hours after periarterial blood was applied to the femoral artery which then declined. Subsequently, infiltration of macrophages progressively increased at all layers 7-12 days after application. Pretreatment with rebamipide (100 and 300 mg kg(-1) day(-1), p.o.) significantly inhibited the morphological changes as well as the expression of ICAM-1 with inhibition of granulocyte/macrophage mobilization. In association with these findings, increased wall thickness and decreased lumen area were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with rebamipide. These results provide valuable information for the therapeutic use of rebamipide to relieve vascular remodeling induced by periarterial blood.