小剂量阿奇霉素联合噻托溴铵治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床疗效观察

目的观察小剂量阿奇霉素联合噻托溴铵治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效。方法选取2012—2014年沧州和平医院收治的老年(60~82岁)COPD患者120例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组60例。在常规治疗基础上,对照组患者给予噻托溴铵治疗,研究组患者给予小剂量阿奇霉素联合噻托溴铵治疗;两组患者疗程均为1年。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后6分钟步行距离(6MWD)、呼吸困难分级、肺功能指标〔第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_1/FVC)〕、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,并观察治疗期间两组患者不良反应发生情况。结果研究组患者临床疗效优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者6MWD和呼吸困难分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后研究组患者6MWD长于对照组,呼吸困难分级低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗前两组患者FEV_1、FVC及FEV_1/FVC比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后研究组患者FEV_1、FVC及FEV_1/FVC均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前SAS评分及治疗前后SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后研究组患者SAS评分低于对照组(P0.05)。治疗期间两组患者均未出现明显不良反应。结论小剂量阿奇霉素联合噻托溴铵治疗老年COPD的临床疗效确切,能有效改善患者运动耐量及肺功能,减轻呼吸困难症状,缓解焦虑情绪,且安全性较高。     

噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病的疗效

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的临床疗效。方法将80例稳定期COPD患者随机分对照组和观察组,各40例,对照组给予常规治疗和多索茶碱治疗,而观察组则在对照组的基础上给予噻托溴铵粉吸入治疗;比较两组肺功能、呼吸困难评分、6 min步行距离及有效率。结果观察组治疗12个月后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC均明显高于对照组(P<0.01);呼吸困难评分明显低于对照组(P<0.01)、6 min步行距离明显大于对照组(P<0.01);总有效率(97.5%)明显高于对照组(80.0%,P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合多索茶碱治疗稳定期COPD患者,可明显改善肺功能,缓解呼吸困难,提高临床疗效。     

吸入性噻托溴铵对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者深吸气量和运动耐量的影响

目的 探讨每天一次吸入噻托溴铵对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)深吸气量(IC)和运动耐量的影响以及常用的肺功能指标与运动耐量的相关性.方法 吸入噻托溴铵18 μg/d,在第0天、第28天和第56天分别测定肺功能、6分钟步行试验(6MWT)和呼吸困难评分.结果 噻托溴铵吸人后第28天和第56天肺功能指标第1秒用力呼气容积...     

噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期的临床疗效研究

目的探讨噻托溴铵治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期的临床疗效。方法选取2012年在南昌大学第一附属医院进行治疗的COPD稳定期患者200例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,各100例。对照组患者给予COPD常规治疗,治疗组患者在COPD常规治疗基础上给予噻托溴铵治疗,均连续治疗8周后随访6个月。比较两组患者治疗前后肺功能指标,包括:第一秒用力呼气末容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)及FEV1/FVC比值;观察两组患者治疗前和随访3、6个月时呼吸困难指数(m MRC)和6分钟步行距离(6MWT)及治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC比值比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者治疗后FEV1、FVC及FEV1/FVC比值均高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗前m MRC和6MWT比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗组患者随访3个月、6个月时m MRC低于对照组,6MWT长于对照组(P0.05)。治疗组患者不良反应发生率为7%,与对照组的8%比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵能改善COPD稳定期患者肺功能,缓解临床症状,提升运动耐量,且安全性良好。     

噻托溴铵联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸及呼吸训练治疗稳定期中度慢阻肺的临床观察

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合N-乙酰半胱氨酸(N-acetylcysteine,NAC)及呼吸训练对稳定期中度慢性阻塞性肺病(简称慢阻肺)患者的临床治疗效果。方法筛选稳定期中度慢阻肺患者,随机分为噻托溴铵治疗组、噻托溴铵+NAC治疗组和噻托溴铵+NAC+呼吸训练治疗组,各33例。在治疗前、治疗后6个月评定临床症状、改良英国MRC呼吸困难指数(m MRC)、6分钟步行距离(6-minute walk distance,6MWD)及肺功能。结果各组患者治疗前临床症状评分、m MRC评分、6MWD及1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)占预计值百分比(FEV_1%)、FEV_1/用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)比较均无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,患者的临床症状及m MRC评分下降,FEV_1%、FEV_1/FVC及6MWD均增加(P0.05),而噻托溴铵+NAC+呼吸训练治疗组临床症状及mMRC评分、FEV_1%、6MWD的改善效果均优于同期对照组(P0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合NAC和呼吸训练治疗对改善慢阻肺患者的临床症状、增加运动耐力有显著疗效。     

噻托溴铵治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病疗效观察

目的评价噻托溴铵治疗稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的疗效和安全性。方法将50例年龄40～75岁稳定期Ⅰ、Ⅱ级COPD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组吸入噻托溴铵干粉剂(18μg,每日1次)治疗13周。在治疗前,治疗4周及12周分别测定肺功能。结果治疗组第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、FEV1占预计值的百分比上升值较对照组有有显著性差异(P<0.05)。噻托溴铵的常见不良反应为口干(2例,8%),无心血管系统异常和心电图异常报告。结论噻托溴铵对于稳定期Ⅰ、Ⅱ级COPD患者疗效显著且安全可靠。     

噻托溴铵联合氨茶碱对老年慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺功能和炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合氨茶碱对老年慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者肺功能和炎症因子水平的影响。方法 120例COPD患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组和治疗组各60例;对照组单用氨茶碱治疗,治疗组联用氨茶碱与噻托溴铵治疗,分别在治疗前、治疗后4、12 w抽血检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-8、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α含量;用肺功能测试仪测试最大呼气流量(PEF)、用力肺活量(FVC)及第1秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比(FEV1%);用中文版英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难分级评分评估呼吸困难程度;用中文版世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表(WHOQOLBREF)评价生活质量。结果治疗后两组均逐渐改善,治疗组治疗4 w后FVC明显高于对照组,12 w后FEV1、FVC、FEV1%均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗组4 w后TNF-α含量明显低于对照组,12 w后IL-8、TNF-α含量均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05);治疗组治疗12 w后呼吸困难程度明显轻于对照组,WHOQOL-BREF评分明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论老年COPD患者采用噻托溴铵联合氨茶碱治疗,疗效确切,安全性高,可有效缓解炎症反应,提高肺功能,改善生活质量。     

噻托溴铵联合痰热清注射液对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的影响

目的探讨噻托溴铵联合痰热清注射液对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者的影响。方法选取2015—2016年陕西省友谊医院收治的老年COPD患者172例,根据治疗方案分为对照组和观察组,每组86例。对照组患者予以噻托溴铵治疗,观察组患者予以噻托溴铵联合痰热清注射液治疗;两组患者均连续治疗7 d。比较两组患者临床疗效,治疗前后呼吸功能指标[每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_1/FVC)]及血清粒-巨细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、脑钠肽(BNP)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)水平,不良反应发生情况。结果观察组患者临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前MVV、FEV_1/FVC及血清GM-CSF、BNP、TIMP-1水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后观察组患者MVV、FEV_1/FVC高于对照组,血清GM-CSF、BNP、TIMP-1水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论噻托溴铵联合痰热清注射液治疗老年COPD的临床疗效确切,可有效改善患者呼吸功能,降低血清GM-CSF、BNP、TIMP-1水平,且安全性较高。     

噻托溴铵治疗COPD疗效观察

目的评价吸入噻托溴铵治疗稳定期COPD的疗效。方法将96例Ⅱ～Ⅲ级COPD患者随机分为治疗组和对照组。治疗组第1周至13周每天吸入噻托溴铵胶囊18μg 1粒。分别在治疗前后测定肺功能等相关指标。结果治疗组第一秒用力呼气容积(FEVI)、FEV1/FVC、6 min步行距离和生活质量评分较对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论噻托溴铵对于稳定期Ⅱ～Ⅲ级COPD患者有一定疗效。     

布地奈德气雾剂与异丙托溴铵气雾剂联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者肺功能及生活质量的影响研究

目的探讨布地奈德气雾剂与异丙托溴铵气雾剂联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能及生活质量的影响。方法选取2014年12月—2016年12月马鞍山市中心医院收治的COPD患者76例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组38例。在常规治疗基础上,对照组患者采用布地奈德气雾剂联合异丙托溴铵气雾剂治疗,观察组患者采用布地奈德气雾剂与异丙托溴铵气雾剂联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸治疗;两组患者均持续治疗90 d。比较两组患者治疗前后肺功能指标及治疗后血气分析指标、生活质量评分。结果两组患者治疗前第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_1)、第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比(FEV_1%)、第1秒用力呼气容积与用力肺活量比值(FEV_1/FVC)及分钟最大通气量(MVV)比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者治疗后FEV_1、FEV_1%及FEV_1/FVC高于对照组(P0.05),而两组患者治疗后MVV比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组患者治疗后动脉血氧分压(PaO_2)高于对照组,动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组患者治疗后躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、角色功能及认知功能评分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论布地奈德气雾剂与异丙托溴铵气雾剂联合吸入用乙酰半胱氨酸可有效改善COPD患者肺功能、血气分析指标及生活质量。     

肿瘤病人弓形虫感染分析

在肿瘤的发生和发展进程中 ,多伴有免疫功能低下或缺陷 ,从而极易遭受各种感染。弓形虫是机会感染因子 ,当患者免疫功能受损时 ,易于感染 ,还会使隐性感染激活 ,引起低热不退、淋巴结肿和脑神经系统的反应 ,此现象尚未引起临床医师的重视。近年来 ,我们对 4 0 9例肿瘤病人进行了弓形虫感染及弓形虫病的分析观察 ,报告如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　材料　 30 4例病人血清取自江西省肿瘤医院住院或门诊病人 ,随机抽样后低温保存待检 ,10 5例取自其他医院送检样品 ,有急性症状者随到随检 ,以便及时做病原学检测。1 2　弓形虫病诊断方法1 2 1　免疫…     

A patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis presenting with perforated peritonitis

We report a patient with rectal ulcer with severe stenosis, who underwent urgent surgical treatment for perforated peritonitis. The 54-year-old man suddenly developed cramping abdominal pain and fever while hospitalized, with signs of peritoneal irritation. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and severe stenosis of the rectum and a perforated lesion on the oral side approximately 10 cm distant from the stenosis were found, with massive abdominal purulent fluid. He was treated by rectosigmoid colon resection with transverse colon loop colostomy. Histopathologically, the stenosis was caused by ulceration extending to all muscular layers of the rectum, with inflammatory changes. Benign rectal stenosis is so rare that differential diagnosis from malignancy may be difficult when there are inflammatory changes in the surrounding tissues. However, it is necessary to keep in mind the likelihood of this disease in differentiation from rectal cancer. Received: December 21, 1998 / Accepted: May 28, 1999     

Infection with Rhodococcus equi in a patient with sarcoidosis treated with corticosteroids

A 51-year-old female farmer was diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. During 4 years of observation, slow radiological progression was observed. Cough then developed, necessitating treatment with corticosteroids. After 28 months of continuous treatment with prednisolone in low doses (5-7.5 mg daily), she suffered fever episodes, recurrent haemoptyses, general malaise and loss of weight. A chest roentgenogram showed a left upper lobe infiltrate, which progressed and finally cavitated, and rib destruction. Despite efforts, including a thoracotomy, 22 months passed before a diagnosis could be made. Blood and sputum cultures and cultures from the destroyed rib showed growth of Rhodococcus equi, a common soil organism which can cause infections in foals and other animals. Treatment with rifampicin and erythromycin was successful. R. equi has been reported to cause infection in patients with neoplastic disease and/or immunosuppression, but the disease might be more common than is suggested by the sparse case reports in the literature, owing to lack of familiarity with the organism, which will tend to be overlooked as a contaminant.     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

Treating patients with lupus with B-cell depletion

A new era in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus has dawned with the increasing introduction of monoclonal antibodies and other approaches, that target the key molecules involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. At present the ability to block the CD20 molecule on those B cells that carry this marker has proved the most effective way to treat patients resistant to conventional immunosuppressive drugs. However, these studies have all been open label and the results of double blind controlled studies are eagerly awaited.