三踝骨折内固定治疗并论相关问题

目的：探讨三踝骨折的内固定治疗。方法：对54例三踝骨折采用手术内固定治疗，结合临床研究及损伤机制进行回顾分析。结果：本组病例34例随访随访时间6个月-8年，优18例，良10例，可5例，差1例，优良率82.3%，结论：三踝骨折手术治疗的关键是恢复并稳定踝穴和距骨的解剖关系，并重视下胫腓联合的处理，强调手术按后，外，内踝的顺序进行及早期功能锻炼。     

三踝骨折的治疗(附35例报告)

目的：探讨三踝骨折的治疗措施。方法：对４２ 例三踝骨折病人,９ 例采用手法整复外固定,３３ 例采用手术内固定。随访３５ 例,随访时间５ 个月～７ 年,优１９ 例,良１１ 例,可３ 例,差２ 例。结论：三踝骨折治疗的关键是将倾斜移位的距骨复位并稳定于踝穴之中,恢复正常的关节结构。     

手术治疗三踝骨折34例临床分析

目的总结手术治疗三踝骨折的临床经验,并对手术疗效进行随访分析。方法34例资料完整的病例作为研究对象,所有病例按Lauge-hansen进行分型,行手术切开复位内固定,平均随访16个月。结果根据Cedell主观标准评定,优27例,良7例。结论三踝骨折手术治疗能够获得解剖复位,稳定固定,功能恢复好,并发症少,是临床中治疗三踝骨折脱位的可靠办法。     

三踝骨折的治疗

目的：探讨三踝骨折的治疗措施。方法：对４２例三踝骨折病人,９例采用手法整复外因我采用手术内固定。随访３５例,随访时间５个月－７年,优１９例,良１１例,可３例,差２例。结论：三踝骨折治疗的关键是将倾斜移位的骨复位并稳定于踝穴之中,恢复正常的关节结构。     

后外侧人路在三踝骨折治疗中的应用体会

目的 介绍采用后外侧入路治疗三踝骨折的临床体会.方法 在12例三踝骨折中,应用后外侧入路对外、后踝进行显露及固定,并观察疗效及术后并发症.结果 获随访10～37个月,骨折全部愈合,术后疗效评定:优8例,良2例,可2例.结论 后外侧人路可以为外、后踝骨折提供良好的显露,确保手术治疗三踝骨折取得满意的疗效.     

三踝骨折内固定治疗的体会

目的探讨三踝骨折手术内固定的顺序。方法回顾性研究我院1997～2006年手术治疗三踝骨折的疗效。结果53例得到随访,优良率92.4%。结论三踝骨折内外侧两个切口即可很好显露,内固定顺序为内踝、后踝、外踝,最后固定下胫腓联合,具有切实可靠的疗效,同时易操作、易暴露、易掌握。     

后外侧联合内侧入路急诊内固定治疗三踝骨折

目的 探讨后外侧联合内侧入路急诊内固定治疗三踝骨折的疗效.方法 对23例三踝骨折患者急诊采用后外侧入路行后踝骨折复位空心螺钉或支撑钢板内固定、外踝骨折复位钢板内固定,内侧入路行内踝骨折复位空心螺钉内固定.末次随访时采用AOFAS踝-后足功能评分标准评价疗效.结果 患者均获得随访,时间10～32个月.切口均一期愈合.骨折...     

术中改换体位应用后外侧手术入路治疗三踝骨折

目的探讨平卧位复位固定内踝骨折,然后转侧卧位后外侧入路复位固定外踝、后踝骨折治疗三踝骨折的疗效。方法自2008-01—2013-08对21例不稳定三踝骨折取平卧位复位固定内踝骨折,然后转侧卧位复位固定外踝、后踝骨折。末次随访时疗效根据Olerud-Molander踝关节骨折评分系统评定。结果术后切口均在15 d内愈合拆线,无切口感染发生。本组均获得平均17(12~35)个月的随访。3例外踝尖部因内固定物突出于皮下,术后出现疼痛不适,骨折愈合取出内固定后疼痛消失。末次随访时疗效根据Olerud-Molander踝关节骨折评分系统评定:优15例,良4例,可2例,优良率90.5%。结论先平卧位复位固定内踝骨折后转换健侧卧位采用后外侧入路复位固定外踝及后踝骨折治疗三踝骨折,手术易于操作,可获得满意的治疗效果。     

切开复位内固定手术治疗三踝骨折(Cotton骨折)临床分析

目的总结探讨三踝骨折的临床特征及手术治疗方法。方法对30例三踝骨折患者行切开复位内固定手术治疗,对患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 30例患者手术顺利,术后恢复良好后出院,随访6～24个月,患者踝关节功能恢复良好,按照Kofoed评分标准对患者治疗效果进行评估,优25例,良3例,可2例,优良率为93.3%,效果满意。结论切开复位内固定手术治疗三踝骨折疗效确切。术前准确判断患者病情、采取合适的手术入路、术中规范操作、准确复位和恰到好处的内固定是手术成功的关键。     

可吸收钉结合钢板内固定治疗三踝骨折

目的探讨治疗三踝骨折的一种新方法。方法对17例三踝骨折行切开复位可吸收螺钉结合钢板内固定,术后适当的外固定及功能锻炼。结果经平均1．5年随访,疗效优13例,良3例,可1例。结论对三踝骨折行可吸收螺钉结合钢板内固定治疗,疗效满意。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.