初中生自杀意念与生活事件及家庭环境的关系

目的 探讨初中生自杀意念的现状及自杀意念与家庭环境特征、负性生活事件的关系.方法 采用自杀意念自评量表、青少年生活事件量表、家庭环境量表及一般情况调查问卷,调查济南市初中生共830人.结果 初中生年自杀意念检出率10.7%,且随着年级的增高呈上升的趋势(P<0.05).有无自杀意念两组在生活事件量表及家庭环境量表各因子上有显著性差异(P<0.05).自杀意念的影响因素包括:学习压力因子、受惩罚因子、其他因子、亲密度、知识性、独立性、矛盾性及道德宗教观.结论 初中生自杀意念的发生与不良的家庭环境、负性生活事件有密切的关系.     

某部新兵自杀意念的心理社会相关因素研究

目的探讨新兵自杀意念的心理社会影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,应用自编的自杀意念量表、艾森克个性问卷、简易应对方式问卷、防御方式问卷、社会支持评定量表、青少年生活事件量表、症状自评量表、自杀态度问卷,对某部889名新兵自杀意念的心理社会相关因素进行了非条件logistic回归及通径分析。结果心理健康状况是自杀意念最主要的直接影响因素,负性生活事件通过心理健康状况微弱地间接作用于自杀意念,并起“扳机”作用;人格特征通过应对、防御、支持等中间变量对自杀意念产生直接或间接作用。结论人格特征、负性生活事件和心理健康状况,三者依次递进有机结合产生自杀意念。     

气质性乐观、生活事件与医学生自杀意念的关系研究

目的 在医学生中探讨气质性乐观、生活事件与自杀意念的关系.方法 采用自杀意念自评量表以及乐观问卷、青少年生活事件量表对两所医学院校的800名临床医学专业学生进行调查.结果 ①应激事件对医学生的自杀意念水平有正向预测作用,应激事件越严重,学生的自杀意念水平越高;②气质性系观对应激事件与自杀意念之间的关系具有调节作用.结论 气质性乐观是负性生活事件与自杀意念之间的调节器.     

心理社会干预对中学生自杀高危人群的影响

目的:探讨心理社会干预对有自杀意念和自杀行为的中学生的影响。方法:通过流行病学调查,筛选出有自杀风险的高危中学生65人。除接受学校常规心理健康课程外,还参加团体认知行为实践辅导;对学生家长进行自杀预防宣教。并在干预前行青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)、家庭环境问卷(FES)、Beck抑郁量表(BDI)、自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、和自尊量表(SES)问卷基线评估、干预后6个月及18个月后问卷随访评估效果。结果:干预后,青少年生活事件总应激量差异无统计学意义(F=1.350,P=0.264,P0.05);其他问卷在干预后6个月及18个月后随访与基线比较差异均存在统计学意义(P0.05),而干预后6个月随访与12个月后随访上述指标无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:心理社会干预对改善中学生自杀意念及自杀行为短期内有一定的效果。     

负性生活事件对抑郁障碍青少年自杀意念的影响：母子依恋的中介作用

目的 探究负性生活事件对抑郁障碍青少年自杀意念的影响及母子依恋在其中的作用,为降低抑郁障碍青少年的自杀意念提供参考。方法 纳入2020年5月-2021年4月在重庆医科大学附属第一医院精神科门诊及住院部就诊、符合《国际疾病分类（第10版）》（ICD-10）抑郁障碍诊断标准的青少年145例,采用青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、父母与同伴依恋量表（IPPA）中文简版和贝克自杀意念量表中文版（BSI-CV）进行评定。使用Bootstrap方法进行中介效应检验。结果 抑郁障碍青少年BSI-CV评分与ASLEC评分呈正相关（r=0.453,P<0.01）,BSI-CV评分与IPPA母子依恋评分呈负相关（r=-0.165,P<0.01）;母子依恋在负性生活事件与自杀意念间的部分中介效应显著,中介效应值为0.008,占总效应值（0.055）的14.55%。结论 抑郁障碍青少年的自杀意念可能与较多的负性生活事件与较差的母子依恋有关,母子依恋在其负性生活事件与自杀意念间起部分中介作用。     

应激、自我、抑郁与自杀意念形成关系的结构方程模型

目的通过构建结构方程模型研究应激、自我、抑郁与自杀意念形成之间的关系。方法应用青少年生活事件量表、自尊量表、一般自我效能感量表、Wallace自我概念量表、Beck抑郁自评量表以及自杀意念条目等分别对732名大学生的应激、自尊、自我效能、自我概念、抑郁以及自杀意念水平进行测评,通过构建结构方程模型来研究变量间的关系。结果应激、自我、抑郁和自杀意念的结构方程模型显示,应激对抑郁的总体效应为0.312(标准系数估计值,下同),其中通过自我的间接效应为0.203;应激对自杀意念的总体效应即通过自我和抑郁的间接效应为0.133;自我对自杀意念的总体效应为-0.279,其中通过抑郁的间接效应-0.155;抑郁对自杀意念的总体效应为0.211,通过自我的间接效应为-0.106。结论应激通过自我和抑郁的中介效应间接导致自杀意念。抑郁和自我可以相互作用,共同对自杀意念产生影响。     

有无自杀意念抑郁症患者抑郁情绪、认知应对策略及应激的比较研究

目的:探讨有无自杀意念抑郁症患者抑郁情绪、认知应对策略及应激性生活事件的差异。方法:对143例抑郁症患者进行自编一般情况问卷、Beck抑郁自评量表(BDI)、认知情绪调节问卷中文版(CERQ-C)评定。结果:有自杀意念抑郁症发作患者BDI总分、婚姻家庭应激及社会生活应激分及CERQ-C适应性策略与不适应性策略总分显著高于无自杀意念抑郁症患者(P<0.05或P<0.01)。有自杀意念抑郁症患者抑郁总分与工作学习应激、婚姻家庭应激、社会生活应激及CERQ-C不适应性策略分呈显著正相关(r=0.569,0.470,0.341,0.303,P<0.05或P<0.01);无自杀意念抑郁症患者抑郁总分仅与婚姻家庭应激呈显著正相关(r=0.361,P<0.01)。结论:有自杀意念较无自杀意念抑郁症患者经历更多的负性生活事件,存在更严重的抑郁情绪,较多地采用认知应对策略。     

中学生交往焦虑的相关因素分析

目的 研究中学生交往焦虑水平及其相关影响因素,为有针对性地采取干预措施提供依据.方法 采取分层整群随机抽样的方法,在长沙市抽取2 216名中学生,采用自制一般情况问卷、交往焦虑量表、青少年生活事件量表和自尊量表进行调查.结果 (1)中学生交往焦虑平均分为(41.46±8.299)分,主要体现在与异性交往、社交自信心、陌生社交环境等方面.(2)农村、非独生子女、单亲家庭中学生的交往焦虑显著高于城市、独生子女、非单亲家庭中学生,差异具有统计学意义(t=6.527,-3.760,3.806,P＜0.01).家庭经济条件越差、家庭关系越不和睦、父母要求越不严格、家庭暴力越频繁,中学生的交往焦虑越高,差异具有统计学意义(F=29.962,30.399,6.626,11.565,P＜0.01).(3)中学生交往焦虑与负性生活事件及自尊评分均显著正相关(r=0.347,0.397,P＜ 0.01).(4)中学生交往焦虑的相关危险因素有农村、非独生子女、单亲家庭、家庭经济条件差、家庭不和睦、父母要求不严格、家庭暴力、负性生活事件以及低自尊.结论 中学生交往焦虑的影响因素较多,应根据其影响开展针对性的心理健康教育及预防性干预.     

抑郁症大五人格特质和童年期创伤与自杀意念关联研究

目的 探究大五人格特质、童年期创伤、生活事件等因素对抑郁症患者自杀意念的影响。方法 采用病例对照研究设计，纳入127例有自杀意念（有自杀意念组）和44例无自杀意念（无自杀意念组）的首发未服药抑郁症患者及185名健康对照（对照组）。采用大五人格量表简化版（neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory,NEO-FFI）、童年期创伤问卷-简版（childhood trauma questionnaire-short form,CTQ-SF）和生活事件单位（life event unit,LEU）分别评估被试的人格特质、童年期创伤经历和生活事件。结果 NEO-FFI中，有、无自杀意念组的神经质得分高于对照组（42.87±8.04 vs. 37.98±8.42 vs. 30.16±6.25），外向性（31.02±6.32 vs. 34.11±6.83 vs. 40.29±5.37）、宜人性（38.60±5.92 vs. 40.36±6.49 vs. 44.79±4.68）和责任感（38.98±7.16 vs. 40.89±6.66...     

初中毕业班学生不良情绪及相关因素分析

目的探讨初中毕业生的焦虑、抑郁不良情绪及其相关因素。方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、个人评价问卷（PEI）、自尊量表（SES）及青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）对随机抽取的青岛市8所中学的345名初中毕业生进行测查。结果有焦虑情绪者118名,占总调查人数的36.5%,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。有抑郁情绪者84名,占总调查人数的26.0%,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。有抑郁组和无抑郁组之间以及有焦虑组和无焦虑组之间的生活事件总分及各因子分、自我评价总分和自尊得分均存在非常显著的相关性（P〈0.001）。结论初中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情况严重,不容忽视;改善初中毕业生的成长环境,减少各种负性生活事件的发生率,并努力培养学生良好的心理品质,提高其对负性生活事件的承受能力和对负性情绪的调控能力,可能是提高初中毕业生心理健康水平的有效途径。     

Gratitude and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Chinese adolescents: direct, mediated, and moderated effects

In a sample of 1252 Chinese adolescents (mean age = 15.00 years), this study examined the direct relations between gratitude and adolescents' suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. This study also examined indirect relations between gratitude and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts via two self-system beliefs--coping efficacy and self-esteem. Finally, this study examined the extent to which stressful life events moderated the direct and indirect relations between gratitude and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The odds of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were lower among adolescents who scored higher on gratitude, after controlling for demographic variables. Self-esteem mediated the relations between gratitude and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, while the mediating role of coping efficacy was not significant. Moreover, stressful life events moderated the mediated path through self-esteem. This indirect effect was stronger for adolescents low on stressful life events than that for those high on stressful life events. This study discusses the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.     

Psychosocial and risk behavior correlates of youth suicide attempts and suicidal ideation.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the independent psychosocial and risk behavior correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts. METHOD: The relationships between suicidal ideation or attempts and family environment, subject characteristics, and various risk behaviors were examined among 1,285 randomly selected children and adolescents, aged 9 through 17 years, of whom 42 (3.3%) had attempted suicide and 67 (5.2%) had expressed suicidal ideation only. The youths and their parents were enumerated and interviewed between December 1991 and July 1992 as part of the NIMH Methods for the Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders (MECA) Study. RESULTS: Compared with subjects with suicidal ideation only, attempters were significantly more likely to have experienced stressful life events, to have become sexually active, to have smoked more than one cigarette daily, and to have a history of ever having smoked marijuana. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, a statistically significant association was found between suicidal ideation or attempt and stressful life events, poor family environment, parental psychiatric history, low parental monitoring, low instrumental and social competence, sexual activity, marijuana use, recent drunkenness, current smoking, and physical fighting. Even after further adjusting for the presence of a mood, anxiety, or disruptive disorder, a significant association persisted between suicidal ideation or attempts and poor family environment, low parental monitoring, low youth instrumental competence, sexual activity, recent drunkenness, current smoking, and physical fighting. CONCLUSION: Low parental monitoring and risk behaviors (such as smoking, physical fighting, alcohol intoxication, and sexual activity) are independently associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation and attempts, even after adjusting for the presence of psychiatric disorder and sociodemographic variables.     

复员退伍精神分裂症患者自尊感的相关因素分析

目的 探讨分析复员退伍精神分裂症患者自尊感的相关因素。方法 选取河北省荣军医院180例复员退伍精神分裂症患者采用自编一般情况调查表、自尊感量表（SES）、总体幸福感量表（GWB）、社会支持量表（SSES）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、自知力与治疗态度问卷（ITAQ）评定并进行相关性分析。结果 患者自尊水平低于正常人群（u=-21．383,P〈0．01）;不同一般资料情况（年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度、病程、家族史、住院时间及是否合并躯体疾病）的患者SES评分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;自尊与精神症状、自知力和不良反应无相关性（P〉0．05）;与SSRS的对支持的利用度维度、EPQ的内外向E维度及GWB评分呈正相关（r分别为0．196,0．159,0．154,P〈0．05）;多元回归分析显示对支持的利用度是影响自尊的突出因素。结论 丰富患者娱乐生活、给予更多的社会支持、增强幸福感,有助于提高复员退伍精神分裂症患者的自尊。     

The Associations between Suicidal Ideation and Attempt and Anxiety Symptoms and the Demographic,Psychological, and Social Moderators in Taiwanese Adolescents

The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between suicidal ideation and attempt and anxiety symptoms and the moderators in 5,027 Taiwanese adolescents. The associations between suicidal ideation and attempt and anxiety symptoms on the Taiwanese version of the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC-T) were examined using logistic regression analysis. The moderating effects of demographic (gender and age), psychological (problematic alcohol use, severe depressive symptoms, and low self-esteem), and social factors (bullying victimization, and low family function) on the associations were examined. Adolescents who had anxiety symptoms were more likely to have suicidal ideation and attempt than those who did not have anxiety symptoms. Bullying victimization had a moderating effect on the association between suicidal ideation and anxiety symptoms. Assessment of suicidal ideation and attempt should be routine practice among adolescents who present with anxiety symptoms.     

高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情绪及相关性分析

目的探讨青岛市高中毕业生的焦虑、抑郁情绪及其相关因素。方法从青岛市4所高中以班为单位整群抽取,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、个人评价问卷（PEI）、自尊量表（SES）及青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）对337名高三学生进行测查。结果有焦虑情绪63名,占20．1％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;有抑郁情绪92名,占29．4％,男女两性比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;相关性分析显示焦虑、抑郁情绪与自我评价、自尊、生活事件总分及其各因子分均有非常显著相关性（P〈0．01）。结论高中毕业生焦虑、抑郁情况严重,不容忽视。     

Implicit and explicit self-esteem as concurrent predictors of suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and loneliness

The aim of the present study was to examine whether explicit and implicit self-esteem, the interaction between these two constructs, and their discrepancy are associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. Participants were 95 young female adults (M = 21.2 years, SD = 1.88) enrolled in higher education. We administered the Name Letter Task to measure implicit self-esteem, and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to assess explicit self-esteem. The results indicated that explicit but not implicit self-esteem was negatively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. The interaction of implicit and explicit self-esteem was associated with suicidal ideation, indicating that participants with high implicit self-esteem combined with a low explicit self-esteem showed more suicidal ideation. Furthermore, the size of the discrepancy between implicit and explicit self-esteem was positively associated with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness. In addition, results showed that the direction of the discrepancy is an important: damaged self-esteem (high implicit self-esteem combined with low explicit self-esteem) was consistently associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness, while defensive or fragile self-esteem (high explicit and low implicit self-esteem) was not. Together, these findings provide new insights into the relationship of implicit and explicit self-esteem with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, and loneliness.     

Suicidal ideation and time perspective in high school students

OBJECTIVE: Many studies have enlightened the relevance of deepening our knowledge of suicidal ideation among adolescents. However, research has given insufficient attention to the impact of time perspective on suicidal ideation: the present study confirms this relationship in a large sample of adolescents. METHOD: A survey was conducted on a sample of 3700 Italian adolescents. We obtained data using a structured questionnaire addressing suicidal ideation, mental health status, self-esteem, individual and family characteristics, and time perspective (ZTPI) in three temporal frames: the past, present and future, and the attitude related to each one of them. Data were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Overall, 9.2% of the sample reported severe suicidal ideation during the past two weeks; 7.6% reported moderate suicidal ideation. Female adolescents were more likely to report severe suicidal ideation when compared to males (chi((2))(2)=13.38, P=.001). There were no differences regarding age (chi((1))(2)=2.81, P=.245) and SES (chi((2))(2)=8.67, P=.08). The first discriminant function was mostly explained by psychopathological symptoms (General Global Index), self-esteem and two dimensions of the ZTPI (Negative Past and Fatalistic Present). CONCLUSIONS: Differences in time perspective dimensions between moderate and severe ideators suggest that these groups should be considered and analyzed as two discrete groups in further research.     

Suicidal ideation and attempts in adolescents: associations with depression and six domains of self-esteem

This study aimed to disentangle the influence of depression and self-esteem on suicidal behaviour in adolescence. Grades 8 and 11 students in Cape Town, South Africa (n = 939) completed questionnaires assessing suicidal ideation and behaviour, depression, and self-esteem with respect to family, peers, school, sports/athletics, body image and global self-worth. Data were analysed using a series of multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for gender, grade, race and the sampling strategy. Results indicated that depression and low self-esteem in the family context were independently associated with suicide ideation and attempts. Moreover, low family self-esteem significantly differentiated suicide attempters from ideators. Screening for depression and low self-esteem in the family context is discussed as a possible strategy for helping to identify adolescents at risk for suicide attempts.