儿童少年肥胖判定标准的综合评价

目的：筛选一种使用方便,准确可靠的儿童少年肥胖判定标准。方法：以城区9年中小学6－17岁7377名中小学生为对象,利用综合评价（60％以上方法判定为肥胖）的方法。分别计算符合率,假阳性率,假阴性率。结果：综合评价有674名为肥胖,肥胖率为9．14％,在10种判定方法中以皮体贡数（ISBH）法与综合评价的结果最相近,符合率为99．0％,其次为身高,皮脂厚度,体重判定法和劳雷尔指数。结论：ISBH法是判定儿童少年肥胖比较理想的一种方法。     

山东省儿童少年体重指数与运动素质的关系

目的研究儿童少年体重指数与运动素质的关系，为提高儿童少年的身体素质提供依据。方法将12070名7～18岁儿童少年的体重指数（BMI）与50m跑、立定跳远、斜身引体／引体向上（男）、1 min 仰卧起坐（女）、耐力跑、立位体前屈作相关分析，按照《中国学生超重肥胖BMI筛查标准》进行肥胖筛查，分析肥胖儿童少年的体质状况。结果体重指数与速度、耐力、下肢爆发力、肌力呈显著负相关，肥胖儿童运动素质较差。结论体重指数增加对运动素质发展不利，在正常范围内控制体重、加强体育锻炼对增强体质非常重要。     

北京市儿童少年体重指数与体脂百分比关系的分析

目的 分析北京市儿童少年体重指数(BMI)和体脂百分比(PBF)的关系并比较两者判定肥胖的一致性。方法 抽取北京城区757名女生(平均10.1岁),郊区165名女生(平均13.5岁)和郊区172名男生(平均13.7岁),用双能X线吸收仪测定体成分,并计算BMI。结果 北京市城区女生、郊区女生和男生在各年龄段BMI与PBF呈中、高度相关,r=0.59～0.83。与PBF判定的肥胖(男生:PBF≥25％,女生:PBF≥35％)相比,国际肥胖工作小组(IOTF)提出的分年龄、性别BMI切点判定肥胖时有较高的特异度,达100％,而灵敏度较差,只有7.3％～18.9％。结论 北京市儿童少年BMI和PBF呈中高度相关,IOTF提出的分年龄、性别的BMI切点对于确定中国儿童高体脂水平具有较高特异性,适合儿童肥胖的判定,而不适用于儿童肥胖的筛查。     

皮体贡数法判定儿童少年肥胖的探讨

目的探讨一种使用方便、可靠的评价儿童少年肥胖的标准。方法皮体贡数(ISBH)＝×0.67＋×0.33,用95百分位数确定正常值范围。1SBH:男生＞14.5、女生＞18.5判为肥胖。结果依据该判定标准评价肥胖发生率为3.04％,通过用国内外6种常用方法的对比分析,该判定标准评价的肥胖符合率为91.95％,高于其他6种判定方法。结论该法综合BMI和皮脂厚度两法的优点,适用于儿童少年的肥胖判定。     

应用4种肥胖判定计算方法及标准2825例成人对比分析

目的探讨4种肥胖判定计算方法标准的差异。方法入选2825例住院患者和门诊查体人员，男性2446例，女性379例，年龄22～81岁。测定身高和体质量。通过公式计算标准体质量、体质量指数（BMI）和体脂含量及肥胖指数（OI）。根据BMI≥25kg/m^2、BMI≥27kg/m^2、BMI≥28kg/m^2判定肥胖者例数分别为：1419例、680例和435例；超出标准体质量20％者649例；体脂含量男性〉25％、女性〉33％者639例。结果〉标准体质量20％和超过标准体脂含量判定的肥胖均与BMI≥25kg/m^2判定肥胖的比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；〉标准体质量20％和超过标准体脂含量判定的肥胖均与BMI≥27kg/m^2判定的肥胖比较，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；〉标准体质量20％和超过标准体脂含量判定的肥胖均与BMI≥28kg/m^2判定的肥胖比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论BMI≥27kg／m^2判定肥胖与超重20％和亚太地区的体脂含量判定肥胖标准相符。     

国内外10种肥胖判定标准的比较

作者选择城镇２４２０名男女中小学生为对象，利用Ｆｉｓｈｅｒ判别准则，以身高标准体重（超过１２０％）判为肥胖，余为正常组，用皮脂厚度和体重两项指标计算了判别函数式，对国内外１０种常用的肥胖判定标准进行了比较，同时结合综合判定法分别计算了肥胖符合率。结果提示以两项指标判定肥胖的方法趋向合理，初步认为在１０种判定标准中以体块指数、皮脂厚度双超法、儿童少年体脂含量与肥胖评价标准、身高标准体重法比较使用，又     

儿童青少年人体质量指数与脂肪肝的相关分析

目的了解7～18岁儿童青少年人体质量指数（BMI）与脂肪肝的关系，为中小学生肥胖的早期预防与干预提供科学依据。方法采取分层整群随机抽样法对北京市海淀区22所中小学校7～18岁儿童青少年2286名进行身高、体重测量及肝胆B型超声波等检查，按照中国肥胖问题工作组推荐的中国儿童青少年超重、肥胖分类标准将人群分为正常组，肥胖组及超重组，采用Person相关分析、t检验、Х^2检验等统计学方法对资料进行分析。结果在控制了年龄、性别的影响后，7～18岁儿童青少年的BMI与脂肪肝独立正相关（r=0．318，P〈0．01）；脂肪肝组体质量指数（BMI）垃著高于非脂肪肝组．差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；正常组、超重组和肥胖组的脂肪肝患病率分别为7．2％，15．4％和34．1％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），结论儿童青少年的体质量指数（BMI）与脂肪肝显著正相关；预防儿童青少年超重、肥胖是预防脂肪肝及成年期疾病的重要手段．     

应用生物电阻抗法测定儿童体脂含量进行肥胖判定的探讨

应用生物电阻抗法测定儿童体脂含量进行肥胖判定的探讨北京军区军事医学研究所（石家庄０５００８１）于瑞敏董宏彬李清亚郑健忠判定儿童肥胖的方法很多，有身高体重法、身体质量指数（ＢＭＩ）法、皮褶厚度计算体脂百分含量（ＢＦ％）法、皮褶厚度与ＢＭＩ双超法、体重与...     

用BMI筛选肥胖儿童少年的尝试

目的　探讨用BMI筛选肥胖儿童少年的实用价值。　方法　用金标准 (10种或 9种方法有 6种方法评价为肥胖定为“标准”肥胖者 )筛选肥胖者 ,以BMI进行对比分析 ,应用受试者工作特性曲线 (ROC)法制定正常值。　结果　BMI:男、女 6～ 9岁≥ 2 0 ;10～ 13岁≥ 2 2 ;14～ 17岁≥ 2 4 ,判为肥胖 ,以BMI每增加 3,划分中度、重度、极度肥胖界值。筛选肥胖发生率为 11.72 % ,其中男生肥胖发生率 15 .2 5 % ,女生肥胖发生率 8.0 9% ,男生肥胖发生率高于女生 (u =9.5 7,P <0 .0 1)。BMI与身高标准体重法、劳雷尔指数等同类方法比较 ,判定肥胖的发生率差别无显著意义。　结论　BMI是筛选儿童少年肥胖的一种简便方法。     

应用生物电阻抗法测定部队士兵人体成分

应用生物电阻抗（BIA）法测定314名部队士兵的人体成分。年龄（20．3±1．5）岁，身高（171．2±5．7）cm，体重（61．8±6．9）kg，体质指数（BMI）21．1±2．1，瘦体（L）（55．2±5．8）kg，L占体重（89．6±7．1）％，脂肪（F）（6．6±4．9）kg，F占体重（10．4±7．1）％；BIA、理想体重和BMI三种方法对肥胖的检出率分别为8．3％，36．2％和6．7％，BIA法与理想体重法有非常显著性差异，BIA法与BMI法差异不显著，但两者一致性较差；年龄、体重、电阻抗（Z）、BMI、F与F％为非常显著性正相关。结果提示：（1）部队士兵随着年龄的增高，F有增多的趋势；（2）受试人群营养状况良好，锻炼强度适宜；（3）理想体重法与BMI法判断肥胖，不适用于全训部队士兵。     

Dietary fat

For the past two decades, epidemiologists have observed lower risks of lung, breast, prostate, colon, and other cancers in populations that frequently consume fruits and vegetables. Numerous phytoestrogens have been shown to be anticarcinogenic under experimental conditions and may account for at least part of the cancer‐prevention effects of fruit and vegetable consumption. These plant constituents include isoflavonoids, coumestans, lignans, phytosterols, and flavonoids. DietSys, the nutrient analysis program associated with the National Cancer Institute Health Habits and History Questionnaire (HHHQ), and other nationally available nutrient analysis databases do not fully assess these constituents. Therefore, we modified DietSys to include these components in foods on the basis of published values. In addition, as part of an epidemiological study of prostate cancer, we modified the food‐frequency component of the HHHQ to include the main foods contributing to phytoestrogen intake. Although there are limitations to the consistency and quality of many of the values because they were gathered from a variety of sources, our approach should provide a useful first tool for assessing the epidemiological association between phytoestrogen consumption and cancer risk. Furthermore, this work has already facilitated the identification of the major dietary contributors with phytoestrogen activity and prioritized future laboratory analyses of specific foods toward the development of a more complete and accurate database.     

Growth of visceral fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and total body fat in children

OBJECTIVE: To examine the patterns of growth of visceral fat, subcutaneous abdominal fat, and total body fat over a 3- to 5-year period in white and African American children. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Children (mean age: 8.1 +/- 1.6 years at baseline) were recruited from Birmingham, Alabama, and those with three or more repeated annual measurements were included in the analysis (N = 138 children and 601 observations). Abdominal adipose tissue (visceral and subcutaneous) was measured using computed tomography. Total body fat and lean tissue mass were measured by DXA. Random growth curve modeling was performed to estimate growth rates of the different body fat compartments. RESULTS: Visceral fat and total body fat both exhibited significant growth effects before and after adjusting for subcutaneous abdominal fat and lean tissue mass, respectively, and for gender, race, and baseline age (5.2 +/- 2.2 cm(2)/yr and 1.9 +/- 0.8 kg/yr, respectively). After adjusting for total body fat, the growth of subcutaneous abdominal fat was not significant. Whites showed a higher visceral fat growth than did African Americans (difference: 1.9 +/- 0.8 cm(2)/yr), but there was no ethnic difference for growth of subcutaneous abdominal fat or total body fat. There were no gender differences found for any of the growth rates. DISCUSSION: Growth of visceral fat remained significant after adjusting for growth of subcutaneous abdominal fat, implying that the acquisition of the two abdominal fat compartments may involve different physiologic mechanisms. In contrast, growth of subcutaneous abdominal fat was explained by growth in total body fat, suggesting that subcutaneous fat may not be preferentially deposited in the abdominal area during this phase of growth. Finally, significantly higher growth of visceral fat in white compared with African American children is consistent with cross-sectional findings.     

Dietary fat oxidation as a function of body fat

BACKGROUND: It is hypothesized that low dietary fat oxidation makes subjects prone to weight gain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine dietary fat oxidation in normal, overweight, and obese subjects. DESIGN: The subjects were 38 women and 18 men with a mean (+/-SD) age of 30+/-12 y and a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 25+/-4 (range: 18-39). Dietary fat oxidation was measured with deuterated palmitic acid, given simultaneously with breakfast, while the subjects were fed under controlled conditions in a respiration chamber. Body composition was measured by hydrodensitometry and deuterium dilution. RESULTS: Dietary fat oxidation, measured over 12 h after breakfast, ranged from 4% to 28% with a mean (+/-SD) of 16+/-6%. Dietary fat oxidation was negatively related to percentage body fat, and lean subjects had the highest and obese subjects the lowest values (r=-0.65, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The observed reduction in dietary fat oxidation in subjects with a higher percentage body fat may play a role in human obesity.     

Dairy fat, saturated animal fat, and cancer risk

The relationship between the per person supply of fat from dairy products and lard and cause-specific cancer mortality was examined using 1979-1981 FAO data from 36 countries. Significant correlations (P less than 0.01) were found between dairy and lard fat intake and total, breast, prostate, rectal, colon, and lung cancer. Significant relationships between site-specific cancer mortality and ischemic heart disease mortality could also be established. Hormone-dependent cancers significantly correlate with both hormone-dependent and non-hormone-dependent cancers of the opposite sex, pointing toward other than sex-linked factors as an explanation. The level of saturated fat intake provides the most plausible link for the relationship between the cancers considered and ischemic heart disease mortality. Our findings support the concept of the important role saturated fat plays in cancer promotion.