结核性脑膜炎/心包炎患者能使用激素吗？——1例14岁患者的循证治疗

目的肺及肺外结核患者是否能使用激素是目前颇有争议的临床问题，结合1例肺结核合并结核性心包炎和结核性脑膜炎患者的病情，用循证临床实践的方法，就是否使用激素进行床旁循证治疗。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、OVID、MEDLINE、www．guideline．org，查找和评价高质量临床证据，并根据患者意愿为患者制定治疗方案。结果共纳入11个RCT，2个Cochrane系统评价，9个指南。证据表明：①糖皮质激素能降低结核性脑膜炎患者的死亡风险，也能降低神经系统功能缺损的风险；②泼尼松龙使结核性心包炎患者总体死亡率降低（P=0．044），同时使心包炎所致的死亡风险也显著降低（P=0．004）；③激素能否使肺结核患者获益仍有争议。结合患者病情和意愿，在抗痨治疗的基础上加用地塞米松等治疗7周后，患者脑脊液基本恢复正常，心包积液消失。结论对于结核性脑膜炎和结核性心包炎患者应常规使用糖皮质激素治疗，但如何选择糖皮质激素类药物以及治疗疗程仍未达成一致。     

Management of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis and tuberculous pericardial effusion in Transkei: results at 10 years follow-up

BACKGROUND: Tuberculous pericarditis is common in Transkei (Eastern Cape). Two randomized trials showed benefits at two years for prednisolone in patients with constrictive pericarditis, and open drainage plus prednisolone in patients with pericardial effusion. AIM: To see whether the advantages of prednisolone and open drainage were maintained up to 10 years. DESIGN: Follow-up of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. METHODS: All 383 patients (143 constriction, 240 effusion) received the same anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. They were randomized to prednisolone or placebo for the first 11 weeks, and were followed-up over 10 years. Among the 240 with effusion, 122 were also randomized to immediate open surgical drainage of pericardial fluid versus pericardiocentesis as required. Adverse outcomes were: death from pericarditis, pericardiectomy, repeat pericardiocentesis, and subsequent open drainage. RESULTS: The 10-year follow-up rate was 96%. In constriction patients, adverse outcomes occurred in 19/70 (27%) prednisolone vs. 28/73 (38%) placebo (p = 0.15), deaths from pericarditis being 2 (3%) vs. 8 (11%), respectively (p = 0.098, Fisher's exact test). In effusion patients, adverse outcomes occurred in 14/27 (52%) with neither drainage nor prednisolone, vs. 4/29 (14%) drainage and prednisolone, 4/35 (11%) drainage and placebo, and 6/31 (19%) prednisolone and no drainage (p = 0.08 for interaction). Drainage eliminated the need for repeat pericardiocentesis. In the 176 with effusion and no drainage, adverse outcomes occurred in 17/88 (19%) prednisolone vs. 35/88 (40%) placebo patients (p = 0.003), with repeat pericardiocentesis 20 (23%) placebo vs. 9 (10%) prednisolone (p = 0.025). In a multivariate survival analysis (stratified by type of pericarditis), prednisolone reduced the overall death rate after adjusting for age and sex (p = 0.044), and substantially reduced the risk of death from pericarditis (p = 0.004). At 10 years, the great majority of surviving patients in all treatment groups were either fully active or out and about, even if activity was restricted. DISCUSSION: In the absence of a clear contraindication, a corticosteroid should be used in addition to antituberculosis chemotherapy in the management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis.     

Diagnostic issues in the clinical management of pericarditis

Aims: To review the current major diagnostic issues on the diagnosis of acute and recurrent pericarditis. Methods: To review the current available evidence, we performed a through search of several evidence‐based sources of information, including Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Clinical Evidence, Evidence‐based guidelines from National Guidelines Clearinghouse and a comprehensive Medline search with the MeSH terms ‘pericarditis’, ‘etiology’ and ‘diagnosis’. Results: The diagnosis of pericarditis is based on clinical criteria including symptoms, presence of specific physical findings (rubs), electrocardiographical changes and pericardial effusion. Although the aetiology may be varied, most cases are idiopathic or viral, even after an extensive diagnostic evaluation. In such cases, the course is often benign following anti‐inflammatory treatment, and management would be not affected by a more precise diagnostic evaluation. A triage of pericarditis can be safely performed on the basis of the clinical and echocardiographical presentation. Specific diagnostic tests are not warranted if no specific aetiologies are suspected on the basis of the epidemiological background, history and presentation. High‐risk features associated with specific aetiologies or complications include: fever > 38 °C, subacute onset, large pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, lack of response to aspirin or a NSAID. Conclusions: A targeted diagnostic evaluation is warranted in acute and recurrent pericarditis, with a specific aetiological search to rule out tuberculous, purulent or neoplastic pericarditis, as well as pericarditis related to a systemic disease, in selected patients according to the epidemiological background, presentation and clinical suspicion.     

皮质激素联用环孢素防治穿透性角膜移植术后排斥反应的meta分析

目的：评价皮质激素联合环孢素对比皮质激素单用防治穿透性角膜移植（PKP）术后排斥反应的疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed,EMBASE.com,SCI,Cochrane图书馆,CBM,CNKI数据库,纳入皮质激素联用环孢素对比皮质激素单用防治PKP术后排斥反应的随机对照试验,进行方法学质量评价并应用RevMan软件进行meta分析。结果：共纳入5篇报道,1篇A级文献,B、C级各2篇。Meta结果：术后排斥反应发生情况组间差异有统计学意义（RR=0.3,95%CI 0.14-0.65）;对既发排斥反应的逆转,组间差异无统计学意义（RR=1.15,95%CI 0.93-1.42）。结论：基于当前证据,皮质激素联合环孢素防治PKP术后排斥反应疗效并不优于皮质激素单用。     

Clinical experience with subxiphoid pericardiostomy in the management of pericardial effusions: a study of 240 cases

We aimed to assess the effectiveness of subxiphoid pericardiostomy for treating patients with pericardial effusions (PE), and its contribution to defining the aetiology of these effusions. We undertook retrospective analysis of 240 PE patients who underwent subxiphoid pericardiostomy and tube drainage between 1990 and 2000. Echocardiography classified PE as severe in 132 patients, moderate in 99, and mild in nine. The main causes of PE were uraemic, idiopathic and undefined, tuberculous and non-tuberculous pericarditis, malignancy and trauma. Peri-operative myocardial injury requiring sternotomy, and recurrent effusion requiring further surgical intervention, occurred in three and 24 patients, respectively. Histopathological examination assisted the diagnosis in 94% of patients with malignancy, and 96% with tuberculous pericarditis. Overall 30-day mortality was 1.3% and pericardial constriction, requiring pericardiectomy, developed in seven cases. In conclusion, we believe that adults and children with PE can be safely, effectively and quickly managed with subxiphoid pericardiostomy, irrespective of its aetiology.     

Is the traditional Chinese medicine helpful for patients with hematologic malignant diseases? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for the treatment of hematologic malignant diseases.METHODS:We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL,PubM ed,Embase,Web of Science,AMED,CNKI,Wanfang Platform;China Sinomed and the clinical trial registry web sites and Googlescholar electronically up to June19th,2014 and hand searched related publications.Only randomized controlled trials(RCTs)researching on whether TCM as the adjuvant treatment improved the effect for hematologic malignant diseases were included.Two reviewers extracted data and evaluated the studies independently.Pooled risk ratios(RR)were calculated as outcome measures.Our primary outcomes were the overall response(OR)rate.RESULTS:We retrieved 13143 references and included11 RCTs involved 891 participants after screening.Because the non-significant heterogeneity we used the fixed effect model to combine data and TCM had a significantly higher OR and CR(complete response)rates than the control[RR=1.17,95%CI:(1.10,1.25),P0.00001;RR=1.24,95%CI:(1.11,1.37),P0.0001,respectively].Only three studies included in the survival rate analysis.We combined them with random effects model and there was no significant difference between the TCM and control arms.Becauseof the low heterogeneity we used the fixed effect model to combine the non-hematologic adverse effects(AEs)data.Our results showed that TCM significantly decreased non-hematologic AEs rates we researched,the gastrointestinal reaction[RR=0.50,95%CI:(0.37,0.68),P0.0001],liver and/or kidney injury[RR=0.37,95%CI:(0.26,0.53),P0.00001]and heart injury[RR=0.24,95%CI:(0.09,0.68),P=0.007].Additionally,TCM had a trend to decrease the infection rate[RR=0.16,(0.02,1.12),P=0.07],but not statistically significantly.CONCLUSION:TCM increases OR and CR rates for hematologic malignances and reduces treatment associated serious non-hematologic AEs.Therefore,TCM should be included in the treatment of hematologic malignances.     

生长激素改善不孕女性IVF助孕结局的系统评价

目的系统评价体外受精(IVF)周期联合使用生长激素(GH)对助孕结局的影响。方法计算机检索CBM、WanFang Data、CNKI、VIP、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science和The Cochrane Library数据库,搜集IVF周期联合使用GH对助孕结局影响的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均为建库至2019年10月。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入10个RCT,包括691例不孕女性。Meta分析结果显示不孕女性IVF助孕周期联合使用GH,可增加卵巢低反应患者的获卵数[MD=1.58,95%CI(1.29,1.87),P<0.00001]、MⅡ期卵母细胞数[MD=2.26,95%CI(1.77,2.74),P<0.00001],提高其种植率[RR=1.20,95%CI(1.02,1.40),P=0.03]、临床妊娠率[RR=1.46,95%CI(1.08,1.98),P=0.01]和活产率[RR=1.62,95%CI(1.05,2.51),P=0.03]。但两组在受精率[RR=1.00,95%CI(0.92,1.08),P=0.18]、流产率[RR=1.44,95%CI(0.65,3.17),P=0.37]和不良事件发生情况方面的差异无统计学意义。结论当前证据表明,GH可部份改善卵巢低反应、高龄或既往IVF失败患者IVF周期的助孕结局。受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论需要更多高质量研究予以验证。     

血管紧张素受体阻滞剂与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂治疗冠心病患者有效性与安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价血管紧张素受体阻滞剂(ARB)与血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI)比较治疗冠心病的疗效和安全性,为临床应用提供证据。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、EMbase、BIOSIS Previews、Cochrane图书馆、CBM、VIP、WanFang Data和CNKI数据库,检索时限从建库至2011年7月,同时追索纳入文章的参考文献,纳入有关ACEI与ARB比较治疗冠心病的随机对照试验。由两名研究者按纳入与排除标准,独立选择文献、提取资料和评价质量并交叉核对后,采用RevMan 5.1.1软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入18个RCT,共17 660例患者。Meta分析结果显示,在全因死亡[RR=1.04,95%CI(0.98,1.11),P=0.20]、心血管死亡[RR=1.04,95%CI(0.97,1.12),P=0.26]、心肌梗死[RR=0.98,95%CI(0.92,1.05),P=0.59]、因心衰住院[RR=1.14,95%CI(0.97,1.32),P=0.11]和脑卒中[RR=0.93,95%CI(0.80,1.08),P=0.34]方面,ARB与ACEI的差异无统计学意义;但ARB在因不良反应而停药[RR=0.77,95%CI(0.67,0.89),P=0.000 3]方面优于ACEI。结论 ARB治疗冠心病在全因死亡、心血管死亡、心肌梗死、因心衰而住院、脑卒中等方面,疗效与ACEI相当且耐受性更好。但受纳入研究质量和样本量所限,上述结论仍需更多大样本、多中心、前瞻性临床研究证实。     

皮质激素联用环孢素防治穿透性角膜移植术后排斥反应的meta分析

目的：评价皮质激素联合环孢素对比皮质激素单用防治穿透性角膜移植（PKP）术后排斥反应的疗效。方法：计算机检索PubMed,EMBASE.com,SCI,Cochrane图书馆,CBM,CNKI数据库,纳入皮质激素联用环孢素对比皮质激素单用防治PKP术后排斥反应的随机对照试验,进行方法学质量评价并应用RevMan软件进行meta分析。结果：共纳入5篇报道,1篇A级文献,B、C级各2篇。Meta分析结果显示：术后排斥反应发生情况组间差异有统计学意义（RR=0.3,95%CI 0.14-0.65）;对既发排斥反应的逆转,组间差异无统计学意义（RR=1.15,95%CI 0.93-1.42）。结论：基于当前证据,皮质激素联合环孢素防治PKP术后排斥反应疗效并不优于皮质激素单用。     

多巴胺与去甲肾上腺素治疗感染性休克疗效比较的系统评价

目的系统评价多巴胺与去甲肾上腺素治疗感染性休克的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索MEDLINE、EMbase、Cochrane图书馆、VIP、CNKI、CBM和WanFang Data等数据库(检索时限均从建库至2011年6月),纳入所有使用多巴胺或去甲肾上腺素治疗感染性休克的随机对照试验(RCT)。评价纳入研究的方法学质量和提取有效数据后,采用RevMan 5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9个RCT,3 179例休克患者。Meta分析结果显示:多巴胺同去甲肾上腺素相比,能使感染性休克患者住院期间死亡风险增加12%,其差异具有统计学意义[RR=1.12,95%CI(1.04,1.21),P=0.002];多巴胺组感染性休克患者心率失常事件发生风险是去甲肾上腺素组的2.63倍[RR=2.63,95%C(I1.51,4.55),P=0.000 6];多巴胺组心脏指数较去甲肾上腺素组增加[MD=0.42,95%C(I0.21,0.63),P<0.000 1];但在心率[MD=17.05,95%CI(–0.71,34.81),P=0.06]及平均动脉压[MD=–0.87,95%CI(–24.97,7.62),P=0.30]方面,两组差异无统计学意义。结论去甲肾上腺素同多巴胺相比能显著降低感染性休克患者住院期间死亡率,降低心律失常事件的发生率,其疗效及安全性优于多巴胺。     

谷氨酰胺强化肠外营养支持对重症患者临床结局影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价谷氨酰胺强化肠外营养支持治疗对重症患者免疫营养功能及临床结局的影响。 方法检索Embase、Medline、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials、The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews、中国期刊全文数据库、维普中文科技期刊全文数据库、万方数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库自建库至2016年12月期间研究常规肠外营养（常规组）与谷氨酰胺强化肠外营养（干预组）支持治疗对ICU重症患者病死率、感染发生率及住院时间等临床结局影响的随机对照试验。由2名研究者按照纳入及排除标准独立进行文献筛选、提取和质量评估后,使用Review Manager 5.2.0分析软件进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入18项随机对照试验,包括1 708例患者。Meta分析结果显示,应用谷氨酰胺强化的肠外营养,可以显著降低重症患者住院病死率[RR=0.63,95%CI（0.47,0.84）,Z=3.16,P=0.002],但两组间ICU病死率[RR=1.00,95%CI（0.83,1.22）,Z=0.04,P=0.97]、6个月病死率[RR=0.95,95%CI（0.67,1.34）,Z=0.29,P=0.77]比较,差异均无统计学意义;且肺部感染发生率[RR=0.91,95%CI（0.62,1.32）,Z=0.52,P=0.61]、尿路感染发生率[RR=0.79,95%CI（0.37,1.67）,Z=0.62,P=0.54]、菌血症[RR=0.52,95%CI（0.21,1.33）,Z=1.36,P=0.18]、导管相关感染[RR=0.69,95%CI（0.32,1.49）,Z=0.95,P=0.34]及其他感染[RR=0.94,95%CI（0.80,1.10）,Z=0.81,P=0.42]比较,差异亦均无统计学意义;同时,两组患者间住院时间[WMD=-0.26,95%CI（-3.81,3.28）,Z=0.15,P=0.88]及住ICU时间[WMD=-1.04,95%CI（3.95,1.87）,Z=0.70,P=0.48]比较,差异均无统计学意义。 结论使用谷氨酰胺强化的肠外营养支持疗法不能改善重症患者临床结局。     

Diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis

BACKGROUND: Definitive diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis requires isolation of the tubercle bacillus from pericardial fluid, but isolating the organism is often difficult. AIM: To improve diagnostic efficiency for tuberculous pericarditis, using available tests. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Consecutive patients (n = 233) presenting with pericardial effusions underwent a predetermined diagnostic work-up. This included (i) clinical examination; (ii) pericardial fluid tests: biochemistry, microbiology, cytology, differential white blood cell (WBC) count, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels, polymerase chain reaction testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis; (iii) HIV; (iv) sputum smear and culture; (v) blood biochemistry; and (vi) differential WBC count. A model was developed using 'classification and regression tree' analysis. The cut-off for the total diagnostic index (DI) was optimized using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULTS: Fever, night sweats, weight loss, serum globulin (>40 g/l) and peripheral blood leukocyte count (<10 x 10(9)/l) were independently predictive. The derived prediction model had 86% sensitivity and 84% specificity when applied to the study population. Pericardial fluid IFN-gamma >or=50 pg/ml, concentration had 92% sensitivity, 100% specificity and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 100% for the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis; pericardial fluid ADA >or=40 U/l had 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity. A diagnostic model including pericardial ADA, lymphocyte/neutrophil ratio, peripheral leukocyte count and HIV status had 96% sensitivity and 97% specificity; substituting pericardial IFN-gamma for ADA yielded 98% sensitivity and 100% specificity. DISCUSSION: Basic clinical and laboratory features can aid the diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis. If available, pericardial IFN-gamma is the most useful diagnostic test. Otherwise we propose a prediction model that incorporates pericardial ADA and differential WBC counts.     

Spectrum of pericardial disease: part II

Pericardial disease is a common disorder seen in varying clinical settings, and may be the first manifestation of an underlying systemic disease. In part I, we focused on the current knowledge and management of the more common pericardial diseases: acute pericarditis, pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, chronic pericarditis and relapsing pericarditis. In part II, we will focus on the knowledge and management of pericardial involvement in chylous pericardial effusion cholesterol pericarditis, radiation pericarditis, pericardial involvement in systemic inflammatory diseases, autoreactive pericarditis, pericarditis in renal failure, pericardial constriction and effusive constrictive pericarditis.     

佐他莫司药物洗脱支架与雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架治疗冠心病临床疗效与安全性的Meta分析

目的比较佐他莫司药物洗脱支架（ZES）与雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(SES)在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术(PCI)中的临床疗效与安全性差异。方法检索Pubmed、Embase、Chocorane library、Science Direct、CNKI数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库以及相关网站(http://scholar.google.com/),收集建库至2016年1月31日公开发表的有关ZES与SES疗效和安全性比较的随机对照实验（RCTs）,按Chochrane系统评价手册对文献质量进行严格评价,对纳入的RCTs进行资料提取,采用RevMen 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9项RCTs,共6 672例患者,其中ZES组3 434例,SES组3 238例。结果显示：ZES组与SES组总病死发生率（RR=0.99,95%CI=0.83～1.19,P=0.93）、心源性猝死率（RR=0.86,95%CI=0.63～1.19,P=0.37）、主要不良心脏事件发生率（RR=1.05,95%CI=0.93～1.20,P=0.43）、心肌梗死发生率（RR=0.84,95%CI=0.68～1.02,P=0.08）、靶血管血运重建率（RR=1.19,95%CI=0.99～1.42,P=0.06）、支架内血栓发生率（RR=0.82,95%CI=0.46～1.46,P=0.50）差异无统计学意义,靶病变血运重建率（RR=1.49,95%CI=1.18～1.89,P=0.0008）差异有统计学意义。结论现有证据表明,两种药物洗脱支架治疗冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病（冠心病）的总死亡发生率、心源性猝死发生率、主要不良心脏事件发生率、心肌梗死发生率、靶血管血运重建率、支架内血栓发生率相似;与ZES相比,SES能明显降低支架术后靶病变血运重建的发生率,但敏感性分析显示该结果不稳定。     

前列腺素E1治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的系统评价

目的系统评价前列腺素E1(PGE1)治疗糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)的疗效与安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆2006年第1期、PubMed、EMbase、CNKI、VIP,手工检索《中华内分泌代谢杂志》、《中华糖尿病杂志》、《新医学》,收集以PGE1为干预措施治疗DPN的随机对照试验(RCT),按Cochrane系统评价方法,评价纳入研究的方法学质量并提取有效数据进行Meta分析。结果共纳入了31个RCT,包括2497例DPN患者。Meta分析结果显示,PGE1改善DPN症状及体征均优于B族维生素、安慰剂及其它改善微循环药物,其RR(95%CI)分别为[RR=1.75,95%CI(1.54,2.00)]、[RR合并=1.57,95%CI(1.42,1.74)]及[RR=1.31,95%CI(1.19,1.45)]。PGE1对DPN神经传导速度的改善亦优于B族维生素、安慰剂以及其它改善微循环药物。PGE1不同剂型间比较,前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂(Lipo-PGE1)较PGE1粉针剂(PGE1-CD)改善自发性疼痛和感觉异常等症状更有效[RR=1.43,95%CI(1.16,1.76)]。有16个研究报道了不良反应,结果显示大多较轻微。结论本系统评价结果显示,较之B族维生素、安慰剂及其他微循环改善药物,PGE1对改善糖尿病周围神经病变症状、体征及神经传导速度均有较好疗效。在PGE1的剂型选择上倾向于Lipo-PGE1。但目前收集到的文献质量较低,若有高质量、大样本、长期随访的研究进一步证实其有效性和安全性,该结论将更可信。     

肾脏替代治疗启动时机对成人急性肾损伤患者预后影响的Meta分析

目的系统评估启用肾脏替代治疗（RRT）时机对成人急性肾损伤（AKI）患者预后的影响。 方法计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、Embase数据库从建库至2019年2月发表的关于成人AKI患者启用RRT时机的临床随机对照研究（RCT）。由2位研究者按照纳入及排除标准独立进行文献筛选、资料提取及质量评价,采用Revman 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果共纳入11个RCT,包括2 332例AKI患者。Meta分析显示,早期与晚期启动RRT治疗的AKI患者间总病死率[相对危险度（RR）= 0.92,95%置信区间（CI）（0.78,1.09）,Z = 5.53,P = 0.35]、14 d病死率[RR = 0.84,95%CI（0.66,1.07）,Z = 1.40,P = 0.16]、30 d病死率[RR = 0.98,95%CI（0.83,1.10）,Z = 0.40,P = 0.69]、60 d病死率[RR = 0.97,95%CI（0.87,1.07）,Z = 0.67,P = 0.50]、90 d病死率[RR = 1.00,95%CI（0.89,1.12）,Z = 0.01,P = 0.99]、ICU住院时间[标准均数差（SMD）= -0.08,95%CI（-0.18,0.02）,Z = 1.63,P = 0.10]以及总住院时间[SMD = -0.16,95%CI（-0.32,0.00）,Z = 1.96,P = 0.05]的比较,差异均无统计学意义。 结论早期RRT治疗不能改善成人AKI患者的预后。     

胰腺癌根治术后辅助化疗对患者生存情况影响的Meta分析

目的系统评价胰腺癌根治术后辅助化疗对胰腺癌根治术患者生存率的影响。方法计算机检索h e Cochrane Library（2013年第11期）、Pub Med、EMbase、CBM、CNKI、VIP和Wan Fang Data数据库,查找有关胰腺癌根治术后辅助化疗对胰腺癌根治术患者生存情况影响的随机对照试验（RCT）,检索时限均为建库至2013年11月。由2位评价者按照纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用Rev Man5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入7个RCT,包括1 079例患者,其中试验组544例,对照组535例。Meta分析结果显示,胰腺癌根治术后辅助化疗较单纯根治术能延长患者的总生存时间[WMD=5.45,95%CI（2.52,8.39）,P=0.000 3],提高2年生存率[RR=1.17,95%CI（1.01,1.35）,P=0.03]和5年生存率[RR=1.80,95%CI（1.24,2.62）,P=0.002],其差异均有统计学意义。但两组在1年生存率方面差异无统计学意义[RR=1.02,95%CI（0.94,1.11）,P=0.65]。结论现有证据表明,胰腺癌根治术后应接受术后辅助化疗。     

尼可地尔对急性心肌梗死再灌注疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价尼可地尔对急性心肌梗死再灌注的疗效,为合理制定急性心肌梗死治疗方案提供高质量证据。方法计算机检索The Cochrane Library(2012年第3期)、PubMed、EMbase、HighWire、CBM和CNKI数据库,收集尼可地尔治疗急性心肌梗死再灌注的随机对照试验,检索时限截至2012年3月。由2位评价者按纳入和排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献方法学质量后,采用RevMan5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果最终共纳入11个研究,合计1 027例患者。Meta分析结果显示:尼可地尔可降低急性心肌梗死再灌注后无复流或慢血流率[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.19,0.61),P=0.000 3],提高心脏左室射血分数[MD=5.49,95%CI(4.51,6.47),P<0.000 01],减小左室舒张末期容积[MD=–14.38,95%CI(–17.31,–11.45),P<0.000 01],降低心脏不良事件发生率[RR=0.34,95%CI(0.25,0.46),P<0.000 01]、再入院率[RR=0.33,95%CI(0.17,0.63),P=0.000 8]及病死率[RR=0.40,95%CI(0.16,0.97),P=0.04]。结论现有证据表明,尼可地尔作为辅助治疗急性心肌梗死再灌注的药物,可增加患者冠状动脉微循环,改善患者预后,降低心脏不良事件发生率、再入院率及病死率。受纳入研究数量和质量限制,上述结论尚需开展大样本、高质量的RCT进一步论证,建议临床医生应根据患者具体情况合理采用治疗策略。     

宫腔内人工授精使用米索前列醇疗效与安全性的系统评价

目的评价宫腔内人工授精（IUI）时使用米索前列醇的疗效和安全性。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆（2009年第3期）、EMbase、MEDLINE、ScienceDirect、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方数字化期刊全文数据库、中国期刊全文数据库,收集IUI后使用米索前列醇与对照组比较的临床随机对照试验（RCT）。检索时限为建库至2009年10月。按纳入与排除标准选择研究,评价纳入RCT质量和提取资料,而后采用RevMan5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入5个RCT,合计546例患者、1？133个IUI周期。其中2个研究证据等级高,3个研究证据等级为中。Meta分析结果显示,400μg米索前列醇与安慰剂组相比,可提高IUI的妊娠率[RR=1.95,95%C（I1.19,3.19）]。400μg米索前列醇组比200μg米索前列醇组腹痛[RR=3.13,95%CI（1.86,5.26）]及阴道流血[RR=5.25,95%CI（2.08,13.21）]的发生率高。结论目前米索前列醇对IUI疗效及安全性的临床试验太少,IUI时使用米索前列醇的疗效与安全性尚难定论,还需要更多高质量、大样本的随机对照试验进一步验证。     

Pericardial disease: a clinical review

Pericardial disease is infrequently encountered in cardiovascular practice, but can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Clinical data and practice guidelines are relatively sparse. Early recognition and prompt treatment of pericardial diseases are critical to optimize patient outcomes. In this review we provide a concise summary of acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis and pericardial effusion/tamponade.