内镜活检对肠结核的临床诊断

目的探讨内镜活检标本对肠结核诊断的价值。方法 收集1998—01／2002—12高度怀疑肠结核病人29例，进行结肠内镜，胸腹部X线、病理组织学和结核菌PCR试验检查，并比较它们阳性率。结果29例病人最终确诊为肠结核22例，克隆病3例、结肠癌1例，其他疾病3例。一般临床表现(慢性右下腹痛、大便习惯改变、发热、盗汗和体重下降，以及贫血、血沉增快和黑便)在各疾病中的阳性率均无明显差异。腹部X线阳性率50．0％，假阳性26．6％；内镜诊断阳性率为50．0％，假阳性21．4％；活检组织病理学阳性率86．4％，假阳性5．0％；PCR阳性率77．3％，假阳性12．5％；PPD阳性率54．5％，假阳性7．7％。结论采用结肠镜及活检标本进行组织学和结核菌PCR检测可显著提高肠结核早期诊断率，但要注意假阳性结果。     

聚合酶链反应技术检测咽拭子标本中结核菌DNA的评价

为探讨聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测咽拭子标本中结核菌在诊断肺部疾病的价值。应用PCR法检测肺结核患者50例，非肺结核患者55例及100例正常健康人咽拭子标本中结核菌和咽拭子涂片找抗酸杆菌，并与痰涂片检查作比较。肺结核组、非肺结核组及正常健康人咽拭子PCR阳性率分别为60％、3O．9％及10％，涂片为6％、0％和0％。结核组及非结核组痰PCR阳，牲率为54％和10．9％，涂片为26％和0％。结果表明PCR检测咽拭子标本结核菌DNA是肺结核病早期诊断和鉴别诊断的一种有价值的检测手段。但应注意假阳性或假阴性出现的可能。     

四种结核分枝杆菌检测方法的临床应用评价

目的评估涂片、培养、PCR和增菌PCR检测结核分枝杆菌临床应用价值。方法对124例临床确诊的肺结核、可疑结核患者和非结核病人痰标本的涂片、培养、PCR和增菌PCR四种方法的检测结果进行比较。结果涂片、培养、PCR和4及7d的增菌PCR检测31例临床确诊的肺结核病人痰标本阳性率分别为22．5％、32．2％、54．8％、64．5％和87．1％；检测59例临床可疑肺结核病人痰标本阳性率分别为13．6％、18．6％、28．8％、37．3％和52．5％。比较四种方法的阳性检测率有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。检测34例非结核病人痰标本，涂片、培养均为阴性，而PCR和增菌PCR均有1例假阳性，假阳性率2．9％。比较PCR与增菌PCR对茵阳和菌阴病人的痰标本阳性检测率，有显著性差异（P〈0．05），而两种方法的假阳性率相同。结论增菌PCR检测结核分枝杆菌具有很高的敏感性和特异性，可作为结核病的有效辅助诊断方法之一。     

结肠镜结合病理检查对结直肠溃疡病因诊断的价值

结直肠溃疡可由多种疾病所致，目前结肠镜结合病理检查是诊断结直肠溃疡病因的主要手段。目的：探讨不同病因结直肠溃疡的特征和诊断方法，以期提高对相应疾病的认识。方法：回顾性分析四川大学华西医院93例结直肠溃疡患者的临床特点、结肠镜检查和活检病理资料。结果：结直肠溃疡的病因以溃疡性结肠炎（UC）、肠结核、缺血性结肠炎、结直肠孤立性溃疡、克罗恩病（CD）、感染性肠炎、内痔，息肉术后、恶性淋巴瘤等常见。临床诊断的敏感性为33．3％，病理诊断为46．2％，内镜诊断为61．3％，结肠镜检查结合病理诊断为73．1％。结肠镜下UC多为弥漫分布的不规则浅小溃疡；肠结核多为环形溃疡；CD多有铺路石样改变；缺血性结肠炎病变与正常肠段界限明显。多数UC患者可见隐窝脓肿；异型淋巴细胞见于恶性淋巴瘤，经免疫酶标检查可证实；干酪样肉芽肿和抗酸染色阳性对肠结核有确诊意义，肠结核和CD中均可见非干酪样肉芽肿。结论：结直肠溃疡病因复杂多样。结肠镜结合病理检查对结直肠溃疡的病因诊断具有重要价值。可显著提高其诊断敏感性。     

经结肠镜细针抽吸作细胞学检查诊断回盲部结核

肠结核常累及盲部,尽管它具有一定的放射学特征,然而其诊断仍需通过组织学或细菌学检查证实。经结肠镜对病变部位组织学活检阳性率低,在特殊培养基里培养活检标本可提高诊断率,但仍有40～50%病人诊断不明。本文报道经结肠镜细针抽吸细胞学(FNAC)检查     

无症状肠结核的结肠镜诊断

目的探讨无症状肠结核的结肠镜检诊断。方法回顾性分析本院1997年1月至2004年12月结肠镜检查诊断的无症状肠结核14例资料。结果结肠镜下表现:病变部位:11例位于回盲部或回肠末端,3例位于结肠;分型:炎症型3例,溃疡型4例,增殖型2例,混合型5例。病检:9例活检病理诊断肠结核,1次阳性5例,2次或以上阳性4例。结论结肠镜检重点观察肠结核好发部位及病变特征,结合活检是诊断无症状肠结核的重要手段。     

肠结核47例临床分析

肠结核在临床上并非少见 ,如能在切除的肠标本或活检组织中找到干酪样坏死 ,或在组织或粪便中找到结核杆菌 ,诊断并不困难。但目前除肠结核并发症手术者可获得满意标本外 ,临床仍以肠Ｘ线检查结合临床资料确诊。本文收集我院 1990年至 1999年收治的 47例肠结核患者进行分析 ,以期进一步提高临床诊疗水平。临床资料一、一般资料本组 47例肠结核中 ,34例为手术切除病变肠段及相应肠系膜淋巴结 ,经病理确诊。 13例经临床资料、Ｘ线检查和/或结肠镜加组织活检诊断 (其中 2例获病理诊断 )。血常规多呈轻到中度贫血 ,血沉常增快 ,最高达 96ｍｍ/ｈ…     

胃食管反流检查方法对胃食管反流病的诊断价值

评估不同的诊断方法在胃食管反流病诊断中的价值。对135全角典型胃食管反流症状,并经内镜证实有下段食管炎的患者X线钡餐确定反流,核素显像测定反流,24小时食管内pH监测,LESP测定及Losec实验性治疗。结果显示：X线钡餐检查27例,9例阳性,阳性率为30．3％,核素显像9例,7例阳性,阳性率77．7％;食管内24小时pH监测72例,53例阳性,阳性率73．61％;LESP测定25例,10例阳性,阳性率40％;56例行Losec试验性治疗,有效54例,阳性率96．4％。本研究结果表明：在所有的检查方法中,Losec试验性治疗阳性率最高,且不需特殊设备及操作技能,可作为临床上诊断本病的有效方法。食管内24小时pH 和核素显像测定胃食管反流阳性率近似,但后者设备昂贵,仅适用于有胃食管反流疾病的儿童,食管内24小时pH监测敏感性高,不失为诊断胃食管反流疾病的可靠指标。     

粗切割针经皮肺活检对肺结核病的诊断价值

目的 探讨粗切割针经皮肺穿刺活检对肺结核病的诊断价值。方法 对38例不同形态肺结核病灶在CT引导下穿刺的阳性率情况，以及穿刺标本不同检查方法的阳性率进行比较分析。结果 总阳性率为86．8％，其中①结节肿块影、斑片影阳性率分别为96．1％、80％，空洞影为57．1％；②穿刺后组织学、抗酸杆菌培养、细胞学、涂片抗酸杆菌的阳性率分别为65．8％、34．2％、33．3％、5．2％。结论 CT下粗切割针穿刺活检对肺结核病是一种诊断准确性较高的检查方法，活检标本采用多种方法检查可提高阳性率。     

结核杆菌L型的检查及其临床意义

对420例活动性肺结核病人痰片及148例临床可疑结核患进行了结核菌及其L型检查。结果新发病人结核菌L型阳性率10．8％，复治病人L型阳性率33，6％；148例可疑患涂片L型阳性率14．2％，培养L型阳性28．4％；共计33例病人结核菌L型阳性而细菌型阴性。因此在临床检验中开展结核菌L型的检查有助于提高结核病的诊断率。4种培养基比较结果表明92-3液体基培养结核菌L型效果最好。     

Differentiation between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease in endoscopic biopsy specimens by polymerase chain reaction

OBJECTIVES: It is difficult to differentiate intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease because of similar clinical, pathological, radiological, and endoscopic findings. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay in the differentiation intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease, and compare the histopathological features of endoscopic biopsy of the two disorders. METHODS: A total of 39 endoscopic biopsy specimens from patients with intestinal tuberculosis and 30 specimens from patients with Crohn's disease were subjected to pathological analysis retrospectively, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and PCR assay. RESULTS: Except for granuloma with caseation and confluence, which was the characteristic of intestinal tuberculosis, other pathological features of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease were very similar or were difficult to find in endoscopic biopsy specimens. The positivity rate by PCR in 39 intestinal tuberculosis specimens was 64.1% (25/39), but was zero by PCR in 30 Crohn's disease specimens. Moreover, in the tissues of intestinal tuberculosis with granulomas similar to those of Crohn's disease, there were 71.4% (10/14) positive by PCR, and there were 61.1% (11/18) positive in intestinal tuberculosis tissues without granulomas. CONCLUSIONS: Biopsy is of limited diagnostic value in the differentiation intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease, and PCR is valuable in the differentiation between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease.     

克罗恩病和肠结核活检及手术标本的病理学特征分析148例

目的:探讨克罗恩病(Crohn's disease, CD)和肠结核(intestinal tuberculosis,ITB)活检及手术标本的病理学特征在二者鉴别诊断中的价值.方法:选取在湘雅二医院、湘雅医院、湘西自治州人民医院确诊的CD和ITB患者各55例,其中活检标本各55例;手术病理标本CD 29例,手术ITB 9例.统计每例标本的病理学特征并进行比较.结果:CD患者活检标本与ITB患者活检标本比较,黏膜下层增宽、裂隙状溃疡及肉芽肿差异均有统计学意义(37.5%vs14.0%,10.9%vs0%,10.9%vs43.6%,均P<0.05);手术标本比较,黏膜下层增宽、裂隙状溃疡、固有肌层增厚、鹅卵石征及肉芽肿差异均有统计学意义(51.7%vs11.1%,34.5%vs0%,62.1%vs11.1%,37.9%vs0%,20.7%vs77.8%,均P<0.05).结论:活检标本的病理学特征鉴别CD和ITB价值有限,手术标本病理学特征对他们有鉴别价值,但仍需结合临床、内镜及影像学检查综合诊断.     

结核抗体等5项检测指标不同联合对复治肺结核诊断价值的研究

目的　探讨结核抗体、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血红细胞沉降率(ESR)、结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物(PPD)皮肤试验、分枝杆菌聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测不同联合对复治肺结核诊断的临床价值。方法 结核抗体采用金标法,PCR检查采用荧光双标记定量法,ESR采用魏氏法,CRP采用免疫浊度法,结核菌素纯蛋白衍化物(PPD)皮肤试验按照国家规定。结果 5项检查的单项敏感性依次为PCR(92.0%)、结核抗体检测(81.3%)、ESR(80.0%)、PPD(68.3%)、CRP(66.7%);特异性依次为94.0%、87.0%、32.0%、72.0%、75.0%。任意联合其中2项检测指标的结果对复治肺结核诊断的敏感性明显上升;结核抗体与PCR联合检测的诊断特异性与其他联合相比更有价值(P<0.05)。联合3项及3项以上的检测指标敏感性达到或接近100.0%,但其特异性与PCR和结核抗体联合检测相比反而下降明显(P<0.01)。结论 在结核抗体、ESR、CRP、PPD、PCR等5项检测指标中,联合检测结核抗体与PCR对复治肺结核的诊断最有价值,在此基础上增加检测项目并不能提高对复治肺结核的诊断价值。     

胸膜活检标本行基因扩增对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值

目的 评价胸膜活检组织行聚合酶链反应(PCR)对结核性胸膜炎的诊断价值?方法 PCR检测65例胸膜活检组织中结核分枝杆菌DNA,并与胸水检测及胸膜活检组织病检对比?结果 胸膜活检组织PCR阳性率831%,胸水PCR阳性率为631%,胸膜活检组织病检阳性率为60.0%?前者较后两者更敏感?结论 胸膜活检组织PCR检测对结核性胸膜炎有较高的诊断价值?     

49例肺炎误诊肺结核分析

目的探讨肺炎误诊肺结核的原因及其对策。方法对49例肺炎误诊肺结核患者进行分析。结果临床表现为午后低热57．1％,咯血32．7％,盗汗28．6％;X线胸片病变位于上叶尖后段、下叶背段71．4％;白细胞总数在4．0～10．0×10^9／L之间占69．4％,结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物（PPD）皮试阳性61．2％,培养阳性18．4％。结论误诊的主要原因：肺炎临床症状不典型;胸片、血常规检查与肺结核相似;对结核菌素的诊断价值估计过高和细菌培养阳性率过低。防治对策：重视病原学检查、血清抗体检测和临床资料的综合分析是防止肺炎误诊肺结核的重要措施。     

牛结核病荧光定量PCR快速检测方法的建立及初步应用

目的建立牛结核病荧光定量PCR快速检测方法。方法根据分枝杆菌的插入序列IS1081设计引物和探针,优化反应条件,建立标准曲线,进行特异性、敏感性、重复性实验,并用所建立的方法对临床样品进行检测。结果该方法的敏感性达到了10个拷贝,且特异性高,重复性好。对30份PPD试验和巢式PCR检测都为阳性的临床样本进行荧光定量PCR检测的结果全部为阳性;而对PPD检测阳性,巢式PCR检测为阴性的15份临床样本进行检测时,2份为阳性;在对2份PPD检测阴性而巢式PCR检测阳性的临床样本的检测结果也为阳性。结论成功建立了牛结核病荧光定量PCR快速检测方法,对临床样品的快速检测和牛结核病的早期诊断具有重要意义。     

A comparative study of the polymerase chain reaction and conventional procedures for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion.

Preliminary reports by ourselves and others suggest that amplification of mycobacterial DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive and rapid diagnostic test for tuberculosis. We recently described a PCR assay with a 336 bp repetitive sequence specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the DNA target, which gave encouraging results in culture-positive smear-negative clinical specimens. In the present prospective study of patients with pleural effusions we compared PCR of the pleural fluid with conventional procedures. 84 adult patients with pleural effusions were divided into 4 groups. In group A (44 patients), M. tuberculosis was detected by culture of pleural fluid, pleural biopsy or extrapleural source. In group B (6 patients), tuberculous infection was confirmed by histology (group A excluded). Group C (3 patients) had clinical evidence of tuberculosis. Group D (31 patients) had no evidence of active M. tuberculosis infection. Analysis of the pleural fluid confirmed a sensitivity for PCR of 81%. The sensitivity of pleural fluid culture, culture of pleural biopsy, and histology of biopsy was 52.8%, 69.8% and 77.3% respectively. There were however 7 PCR positive results within group D; 6 of these were in patients with malignant effusions. We conclude that for the diagnosis of M. tuberculosis PCR is more sensitive than laboratory culture as determined by the analysis of pleural fluids. Positive PCR results among patients with malignant effusions may be false-positives or the result of latent tuberculous infections. PCR should remain an investigational procedure until prospective studies in high and low prevalence areas have critically evaluated the specificity of the assay.     

Pitfalls in the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis: a case report

An 18-year-old long-term Norwegian resident of Somali origin was submitted to hospital with bloody diarrhoea, fever, weight loss and abdominal pain. On initial colonoscopy, colitis with segmental appearance was seen. Apart from a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from gastric aspirate staining, PCR and culture for acid-fast bacilli revealed negative results from the multiple samples taken including sputum, gastric fluid, stool, urine and intestinal mucosa. On physical examination and CT scan, there was no evidence of ascites, lymph node enlargement or pathologic pulmonary findings. Although the diagnosis was uncertain, tuberculostatic therapy was initiated. As the conformational testing of the PCR and the microbiological work-up remained negative and the patient's condition did not improve, tuberculostatic treatment was stopped and Crohn's disease was stated as the most likely diagnosis. Although the patient improved clinically under therapy with prednisolone, newly appearing fistulas deriving from the ascending colon were noted on follow-up. Thus tuberculostatic treatment was restarted. However, signs of an acute abdomen appeared and laparotomy was performed, thereby revealing a peritoneal spread of nodules. Resection of the ileum and ascending colon was performed. Diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis with peritoneal spread was made by histology from resected bowel specimens showing caseating granulomas and a positive PCR result. The patient's condition improved after resection of the highly inflamed bowel segments and tuberculostatic therapy. Our case report shows the difficulty of proving intestinal tuberculosis by microbiological testing, macroscopic features on colonoscopy, histology, imaging such as CT scan and by empirical therapy. Therefore, in cases of colonic inflammation, where intestinal tuberculosis is an important differential diagnosis, a more aggressive diagnostic approach such as explorative laparoscopy should be considered.     

兔须癣毛癣菌感染样本常规诊断与定量PCR诊断的比较研究

目的为探讨须癣毛癣菌快速,敏感,特异的诊断方法.方法 采集患兔临床样本63例,分别进行培养法,镜检法和定量PCR法诊断,比较这些方法的敏感性,特异性,阳性预测值和阴性预测值.结果 显示样本培养法,镜检法和定量PCR法的阳性率分别为65%,73%和86%;与常规方法(培养法和镜检法)相比,定量PCR法敏感性和阴性预测值均为100%,高于培养法(77.35%和45.45%)和镜检法(86.79%和64.17%),而特异性(90.90%对100%~100%)和阳性预测值(90.90%对100%~100%)两种方法无明显差异.结论 培养法特异,但敏感性差,耗时长,有假阴性;镜检快速,但不特异,敏感性低;而定量PCR快速,敏感,又特异,可以替代镜检用于临床样品的诊断,但不能替代培养法.     

全血γ-干扰素释放试验对结核病的诊断价值

目的 评价全血γ-干扰素释放试验(TB-IGRA)在疑似或待排除结核性疾病中的临床应用价值.方法 收集2014年1月至2015年12月在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院安徽省呼吸病重点实验室进行TB-IGRA检测的823例疑似或待排结核病患者的临床资料,将TB-IGRA结果与患者临床诊断对比,进而评价TB-IGRA试验的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值等,并与PPD的诊断效能相比较,同时对可能造成TB-IGRA试验结果假阴性的影响的因素进行分析;结果 823例患者中,诊断为活动性结核病共260例(确诊活动性结核43例,临床诊断活动性结核病217例),非活动性结核病563例.TB-IGRA总敏感度为86.9％ (226/260),特异度为82.4％ (464/563),阳性预测值为69.5％ (226/325),阴性预测值为93.2％ (464/498);年龄、合并糖尿病、长期使用激素或免疫抑制剂、炎症状态、淋巴细胞计数减低均不是导致TB-IGRA假阴性的影响因素;133例患者同时进行了PPD检查,PPD试验诊断活动性结核病的总敏感度为73.5％ (50/68),特异度为69.2％ (45/65)、阳性预测值71.4％ (50/70)、阴性预测值71.4％ (45/63).结论 TB-IGRA诊断结核病的敏感度和特异度较高,均优于PPD,有良好的临床诊断价值.