股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折的治疗

[目的]探讨股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折的有效治疗方法。[方法]采用切开复位骨折内固定病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折46例。[结果]随访1～5年,平均2.6年。术后复查X线片示:45例患者骨愈合时间6～18个月,平均13个月,骨折愈合无复发。1例骨折愈合后21个月复发,二期病灶刮除植骨,术后随访4年愈合良好未复发。[结论]应用切开复位骨折内固定病灶刮除植骨治疗股骨近端骨囊肿并病理性骨折效果满意,并发症少。     

LISS钢板内固定治疗下肢长骨严重粉碎骨折

[目的] 探讨微创内固定系统(less invasive stabilization system,LISS)内固定治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效.[方法] 2005年3月-2007年9月采用LISS治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端骨折32例,其中股骨13例,胫骨19例,观察术后骨折愈合情况、并发症及膝关节功能.[结果] 32例平均随访时间16.8个月,骨折全部愈合,平均时间7.8个月.术后骨折对位良好,内固定无松动、失效等并发症,膝关节功能无障碍.[结论] LISS接骨板治疗股骨远端及胫骨近端粉碎性骨折具有创伤小、固定可靠、骨折愈合时间短、并发症少、膝关节功能恢复好等优点.     

吻合血管的腓骨近端移植修复桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损

目的 评价吻合血管的腓骨近端移植修复桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的方法及治疗效果.方法 对12例桡骨远端骨肿瘤患者行桡骨远端切除,应用吻合血管的腓骨近端移植修复骨缺损并重建桡腕关节.术后对肢体功能及影像学进行评价.结果 12例患者均获随访,时间1～9年.腕关节平均活动度:掌屈30.3°±6.5°,背伸 52.1°±8.7°,尺偏 19.2°±3.6°,桡偏 12.3°±2.1°,旋前 32.1°±4.2°,旋后 21.2°±3.9°.按Enneking标准评价肢体功能:优4例,良6例,一般2例.移植腓骨均在3～6个月达到骨性愈合.5例出现不同程度的下尺桡关节分离,3例出现桡腕关节半脱位.肿瘤无复发.结论 吻合血管的腓骨近端移植是治疗桡骨远端骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损的有效方法.     

带血供腓骨移植重建股骨近端溶骨性病变致骨缺损

[目的]评价带血供游离腓骨移植重建股骨近端侵袭性良性溶骨性病变所致骨缺损的临床疗效。[方法]总结自2008年4月~2013年3月收治股骨近端良性侵袭性肿瘤或肿瘤样病变共14例,采用病灶内扩大刮除、氯化锌烧灼瘤壁,吻合血管腓骨移植,支持钢板内固定等方法手术治疗,影像学随访评价病变转归、植骨愈合;采用改良肌肉骨髂系统肿瘤学会(Musculoskeletal Tumor Society,MSTS)肢体功能评价表随访肿瘤切除术后患者肢体功能。[结果]随访18~67个月,平均(35.71±15.80)个月。其中1例骨巨细胞瘤患者于术后12个月复发。其余13例患者随访期间均未见病变复发表现,钢板固定无松动、断裂,无术后病理性骨折,未见股骨头缺血性坏死等其他并发症。移植腓骨无缺血坏死表现、与受区2~7个月骨性愈合,平均愈合时间(4.54±1.27)个月。术后3、6个月MSTS功能评分依次为(25.57±4.27),(27.07±6.53)分。[结论]病灶刮除,氯化锌烧灼瘤壁,吻合血管腓骨移植填充重建,结合支持钢板内固定是股骨近端侵袭性良性肿瘤及瘤样病变的有效外科治疗方法。中期随访表现为病变复发率低,破坏骨结构得以重建,髋关节功能良好。     

应用锁定钢板治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折

[目的]评价股骨近端解削型锁定钢板治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折的疗效.[方法]26例患者分别采用股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板内固定,术后第2 d开始行CPM机被动活动髋关节及膝关节的功能锻炼和直腿抬高及屈伸踝关节的主动锻炼.[结果]术后随访22例,随访时间12～18个月的随访,平均13.5个月,20例骨折骨性愈合,占90.91%,无断钉、脱钉、钢板松动、断板及髋内翻、关节僵直等并发症出现.[结论]股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板对股骨近端粉碎性骨折具有内固定坚强,允许早期活动,减少关节僵直,有利于骨折愈合等优点,是治疗此类病人较好的一种内固定方法.     

应用股骨近端锁定板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

[目的]评价股骨近端锁定板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的效果.[方法]自2007年12月～2009年12月采用股骨近端解剖型锁定板内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折80例,术后第2d开始行CPM机功能锻炼及屈伸踝关节的主动锻炼.[结果]所有病例全部随访,随访时间14～36个月,平均18个月,75例骨折骨性愈合,占93.75％,无断钉、脱钉、钢板松动、断板、关节僵直等并发症发生.[结论]应用股骨近端解剖型锁定钛板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折具有内固定可靠,允许早期活动,术后内固定失效等并发症少的优点,是治疗此类病人较好的内固定方法.     

股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的手术治疗

目的:探讨改良Ⅰ期手术治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连的方法和疗效。方法 :2010年6月至2015年6月采用改良Ⅰ期清创修复的手术方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连患者10例,其中男9例,女1例;年龄35~77岁。单纯股骨转子间骨折3例,股骨转子间合并股骨近端骨折2例,股骨转子下骨折5例。在彻底清创的基础上以股骨近端LISS钢板重新固定骨折端,用吻合血管游离腓骨移植加混有抗生素人工骨的自体松质骨植骨修复大段骨缺损,术后及早开始不负重关节功能锻炼。结果:所有患者获得随访,时间9~30个月。10例患者骨折均顺利愈合,随访期间无内固定断裂失效及感染复发病例,完全负重时间12~28周。末次随访采用Sanders创伤后髋关节评分标准评估术后髋关节功能:优7例,良2例,差1例。结论:改良Ⅰ期分次清创游离腓骨移植加载抗生素人工骨混合自体骨植骨LISS钢板固定的方法治疗股骨近端骨折髓内钉术后感染性骨不连,骨折愈合率高,髋关节功能恢复满意。在彻底清创的基础上综合运用控制感染与改善骨折愈合条件的各项措施是手术取得成功的关键。     

股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨近端骨折术后大转子滑囊炎的临床观察

[目的]对股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨近端骨折术后大转子滑囊炎进行临床观察.[方法]2009年7月～2011年7月采用股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨近端骨折63例,对骨折愈合后大转子滑囊炎的发生率、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、关节功能Harris评分进行分析.[结果]随访12～36个月(平均24.3个月),大转子滑囊炎41例,发生率65.1％ (41/63),VAS评分(2.68±1.15)分,关节功能行Harris评分优良率80.4％.[结论]股骨近端锁定钢板治疗股骨近端骨折术后大转子滑囊炎对患肢功能无影响,但发生率高、影响生活质量,应当引起重视.     

腓骨髓内钉化治疗儿童骨囊肿合并骨折

[目的]探讨吻合血管的腓骨髓腔内移植治疗儿童骨囊肿合并骨折的手术方法及疗效。[方法]1996年10月-2004年11月，作者收治儿童肱骨及胫骨骨囊肿合并骨折11例，随访观察术后效果。[结果]11例中9例获随访，所有移植骨术后均愈合，迟发感染1例，无肿瘤复发和转移。术后功能评价优6例，良2例，可1例，优良率88.9%。[结论]应用吻合血管的腓骨髓腔内移植治疗儿童骨囊肿合并骨折，既可以作为肿瘤的填充材料，又可以起到髓内钉固定的作用，肿瘤复发率低，骨折愈合快，无损伤骨骺并发症。     

小儿股骨近端骨囊肿手术治疗16例分析

[目的]探讨小儿股骨近端骨囊肿的手术治疗方法及临床疗效。[方法]2002年3月～2006年3月,共有16例股骨近端骨囊肿的小儿患者接受手术治疗,作者采用囊肿刮除,瘤壁残留肿瘤组织灭活,自体骨、异体骨或骨诱导活性材料植入,根据是否存在病理性骨折及术前分析决定是否采用内固定。[结果]16例患者均获随访,随访时间12～37个月,平均18.5个月。其中13例骨性愈合,愈合时间8～13个月,平均10.2个月。3例复发,再次手术后,恢复良好。[结论]小儿股骨近端骨囊肿的治疗应考虑囊肿大小、侵袭范围以及股骨近端解剖关系,术前分析对是否应用内固定非常重要。骨诱导活性材料（OAM）作为自体骨的替代物,应用安全,疗效可靠。     

Minimal invasive surgery for unicameral bone cyst using demineralized bone matrix: a case series

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Various treatments for unicameral bone cyst have been proposed. Recent concern focuses on the effectiveness of closed methods. This study evaluated the effectiveness of demineralized bone matrix as a graft material after intramedullary decompression for the treatment of unicameral bone cysts. METHODS: Between October 2008 and June 2010, twenty-five patients with a unicameral bone cyst were treated with intramedullary decompression followed by grafting of demineralized bone matrix. There were 21 males and 4 female patients with mean age of 11.1 years (range, 3-19 years). The proximal metaphysis of the humerus was affected in 12 patients, the proximal femur in five, the calcaneum in three, the distal femur in two, the tibia in two, and the radius in one. There were 17 active cysts and 8 latent cysts. Radiologic change was evaluated according to a modified Neer classification. Time to healing was defined as the period required achieving cortical thickening on the anteroposterior and lateral plain radiographs, as well as consolidation of the cyst. The patients were followed up for mean period of 23.9 months (range, 15-36 months). RESULTS: Nineteen of 25 cysts had completely consolidated after a single procedure. The mean time to healing was 6.6 months (range, 3-12 months). Four had incomplete healing radiographically but had no clinical symptom with enough cortical thickness to prevent fracture. None of these four cysts needed a second intervention until the last follow-up. Two of 25 patients required a second intervention because of cyst.     

Corrective valgus osteotomy after free vascularized fibula transfer for the treatment of osteomyelitis at the neck of the femur: case report

Reconstruction using a free vascularized fibula was performed on a long bony defect after osteomyelitis of the proximal femur. For this type of bone defect, a double-barrel fibular graft is recommended. The authors used this procedure for a 58-year-old male who had osteomyelitis of the left proximal femur. As osteotomy through a transplanted fibula can be safely performed, abduction osteotomy should be considered when coxa vara remains after reconstruction with a free vascularized fibula transfer.     

A solution to the vessel shortage during free vascularized fibular grafting for reconstructing infected bone defects of the femur: Bridging with vein transplantation

PurposeThe present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and clinical efficacy of bridging vein transplantation to deal with the vessel shortage during free vascularized fibular grafting for reconstructing infected bone defects of the femur.MethodsTwelve patients (aged 15–58 years) with infected bone defects of the femur (between 6.0 and 18.0 cm) were recruited in this study. Vacuum sealing drainage were applied after extensive debridement of the infected bone defects and irrigated with 0.9% sodium chloride solution for 1–2 weeks. After the drainage was clear and the focal infections were controlled, the free vascularized fibula was harvested for reconstructing the femoral bone defects. The vascularized fibula was grafted and fixated appropriately at the recipient site. The autogenous great saphenous vein was harvested, one end was anastomosed and bridged the vascular pedicles of the fibular grafts, and the other end anastomosed the artery and/or the vein in the recipient healthy site.ResultsMean length of vein transplantation with vascularized fibular graft was 10.2 cm (range 7–15 cm). All patients had good radiological healing without recorded nonunion or malunion. No patient developed deep infection or implant failure. Primary bone healing was achieved in 10 patients; however, 2 grafted fibular formed pseudarthrosis with the recipient femoral and then healed after a secondary surgery. One patient suffered from graft stress fracture after bone healing and healed after external fixation. After the mean follow-up of 30 months (9–72 months), according to the Enneking scoring system, clinical outcomes were excellent in 7 patients, good in 4 and fair in one. The functional recovery rate of the lesion limb was 89.4%.ConclusionsFree vascularized fibular graft with vein transplantation bridged vascular pedicle can effectively repair the infected bone, improve blood supply to the bone defect site, and help control infection. It is a feasible and effective treatment for infected bone defects of the femur with poor soft tissue conditions, or blood supply vessel shortage.     

二期游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定在GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损中的应用

目的：探讨二期游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定在 GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损中的临床应用效果。方法对16例GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损患者,早期行彻底清创、外固定架固定骨折,创面分别给予负压封闭引流（vacuum sealing drainage, VSD）或用无菌敷料覆盖,定期伤口换药。术后根据肉芽组织生长情况分别行植皮、邻近皮瓣转移或游离皮瓣移植修复创面。待创面完全愈合,拆除外固定架,二期行游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定治疗。结果所有病例均获随访,随访时间9个月～2.5年,平均1.5年。移植腓骨全部成活,股骨骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间4～9个月。患肢均恢复正常负重行走,随访期间无再骨折。腓骨供区伤口愈合良好,膝、踝关节功能不受限。无踝关节不稳定及外翻畸形发生。结论早期彻底清创、外固定架固定骨折,待创面完全愈合,拆除外固定架,行游离腓骨移植加钢板内固定是治疗GustiloⅢ型开放性股骨骨折并长段骨质缺损的一种有效方法。     

带血管腓骨复合异体骨修复长骨肿瘤切除后骨缺损

目的 探讨带血管腓骨复合异体骨重建长骨恶性肿瘤切除后骨缺损的临床结果.方法 2006年4月至2009年10月对19例四肢长骨恶性骨肿瘤患者行保肢手术,男11例,女8例;年龄11～37岁,平均(18.5±7.6)岁.肱骨5例、股骨7例、胫骨7例.肿瘤切除后骨缺损长度(13.2±4.3)cm,采用带血管自体腓骨复合大段异体...     

Reconstruction of large traumatic segmental defects of the femur using segmental allograft with vascularized fibula inlay

Segmental defects of the distal femur following trauma pose a reconstructive challenge. A stable reconstruction capable of withstanding high forces while allowing early mobility is paramount. The Capanna technique of reconstruction combining allograft with vascularized bone graft provides such a construct and has been described for oncological resection. We describe a modified Capanna technique, the "inlay" construct. Three reconstructions were performed for distal femoral segmental loss following trauma. One patient had bilateral reconstructions. Bone defects measuring 11, 9, and 8 cm were reconstructed using a large segmental allograft and free fibular flap inlay assembly. Both patients made uneventful recoveries and achieved full weight-bearing without walking aids 6 months postreconstruction. Range of movement of each knee joint achieved at least 90 degrees of active flexion. We have shown that large segmental traumatic defects of the femur can be successfully reconstructed using segmental allograft with vascularized fibula inlay. This reconstruction provides early mechanical stability, protecting the fibula from fracturing and allowing axial loading of healing bone. The inlay assembly allows a large area of bony contact between allograft and vascularized bone, optimizing bony healing. It is a good alternative to other established techniques of managing significant segmental defects of the distal femur.     

吻合血管游离腓骨移植修复长段骨缺损

传统骨移植术，由于缺乏血液供应，植入骨块需经长久的爬行替代过程才能愈合，且易发生骨不连、骨吸收及感染率高等缺点。１９９０年以来，采用吻合血管腓骨移植修复外伤性骨缺损７例，骨肿瘤及肿瘤样病变切除致长段骨缺损５例，骨髓炎骨缺损１例，均获成功。经随访６个月～７年均达骨愈合，其中４例携带腓骨头移植修复桡骨下端缺损重建桡腕关节，功能恢复满意。１例胫骨长段骨缺损行吻合血管移植术后９个月、１２个月，先后两次发生疲劳性骨折。认为，移植之腓骨虽愈合增粗，但可能因负重而发生疲劳性骨折，适当延长术后外固定时间，是防止骨折的重要措施。     

复合骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损

目的 报道复合骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损的临床疗效。方法 2001年1月-2002年12月应用带监测皮岛的自体腓骨与大段同种异体深低温冷冻骨关节复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损10例。结果 10例均得到随访，随访时间5～24个月。移植的自体腓骨长度最长28cm，最短15cm。8例在术后3个月即有影像学骨性愈合，10例均于术后半年完全负重和邻近关节自由活动，术后超过1年的5例均已拆除内固定，术后1年均完全愈合。结论 带监测皮岛的自体腓骨与大段同种异体深低温冷冻骨关节复合移植是修复骨肿瘤切除后大段骨关节缺损的有效且可靠的方法，可用于骨肿瘤保肢术中。     

Continuous decompression with intramedullary nailing for the treatment of unicameral bone cysts

Purpose  To evaluate the efficacy of decompression of unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) of the long bones with intramedullary nailing and to compare responses to treatment according to location. Materials and methods  We evaluated 48 consecutive patients treated between January 1988 and June 2000. Mean age was 10.3 years. Mean follow-up was 9.8 years. Evaluation was performed according to the radiographic criteria of Capanna. Results  UBCs were located in the proximal humerus (n = 24), humeral shaft (n = 2), proximal femur (n = 19), distal tibia (n = 2) and fibula (n = 1). A total of 62.5% presented a pathological fracture. Successful results were observed in 89.5% (26 total healing, 17 healing with residual radiolucent areas), and there were four recurrences and, in one case, no response to treatment. There was more healing in the humerus than in the femur (92.3% versus 84.2%), and more tendency to restitution ad integrum, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.1499). Conclusions  Intramedullary nailing is a minimally invasive method, which permits early stability and decompresses the cyst allowing healing. Significant differences were not observed among results from different locations.     

Free vascularized fibular bone flap in the rat

Free vascularized fibula bone flap has been widely used in reconstruction of the mandible, long segment defect, congenital pseudarthroses, and osteomyelitis. Such applications stirred an interest in basic studies of bone biology, bone healing process, and incorporation of recipient bone defect. An experimental free vascularized fibula rat model is presented here for such investigations. We performed 16 angiograms and anatomic dissections in eight rats for collecting data on fibular length, blood supply, and the caliber of significant vessels. The fibula was harvested with part of the flexor hallucis longus muscle with an average length of 28 mm. The pedicle can be taken in continuity with the popliteal vessels (average diameter of 0.8 mm and 0.9 mm of artery and vein, respectively, with an average pedicle length of 14 mm). This vascularized fibula bone was harvested and transferred to the groin area of the same rat and anastomosed to the saphenous vessels. Twelve transplantations were performed, with a 7-day flap survival rate of 100%. The free fibula vascularized bone flap in the rat is a reliable model for further investigations.