Tonocardin in complex treatment of diabetes mellitus concurrent with hypertension

AIM: To examine the effect of the alpha 1-adrenoblocker tonocardin (doxazosin) on the course of arterial hypertension (AH) and on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) concurrent with AH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 18 patients with type 2 DM concurrent with AH, treated with tonocardin for at least 12 weeks were examined; the fasting glycemia, the levels of blood glycosylated hemoglobin, serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, and the degree of insulin resistance (intravenous insulin load or insulin tolerance test and the insulin resistance index estimated by the HOMA method) were determined. RESULTS: Tonocardin treatment lowered systolic BP (from 159 +/- 19.83 to 136.57 +/- 17.43 mm Hg; by 14.5%), diastolic BP (from 93.38 +/- 12.98 to 79.12 +/- 11.69 mm Hg; by 15.28%), fasting glycemia (from 9.32 +/- 1.61 to 7.05 +/- 1.51 mmole/l; by 24.36%), glycosylated hemoglobin Ai (from 9.63 +/- 1.86 to 8.59 +/- 0.98%; by 10.8%), total cholesterol (from 6.09 +/- 0.57 to 5.4 +/- 0.4 mmole/l; by 11.4%), triglycerides (from 2.11 +/- 0.57 to 1.88 +/- 0.52 mmole/l; by 11%), glycemia after 30-min insulin load (from 9.32 +/- 1.61 to 5.77 +/- 1.57; by 39% and from 7.05 +/- 1.51 to 4.2 +/- 1.25 mmole/l; by 44% at the beginning and end of the follow-up, respectively), insulin resistance index (from 9.87 +/- 2.45 to 6.57 +/- 1.99; by 33.5%). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that tonocardin exerts an antihypertensive effect and positively affects carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, and diminishes insulin resistance in patients with type 2 DM concurrent with AH.     

良性前列腺增生症患者残余尿量与腺体体积的临床价值研究

目的 探讨良性前列腺增生症（BPH）残余尿量和前列腺体积的相关性。方法 对120例BPH患者的症状评分（IPSS）、生活质量评估（QOL）和发生尿潴留以及最大尿流率（Qmax）、残余尿量、前列腺体积等资料进行回顾性分析。结果 IPSS、QOL、Qmax和尿潴留发生率在不同残余尿量患者中差异具有显著性，而在大小不同的前列腺体积中差异无显著性。结论 BPH患者检测残余尿量的临床价值优于前列腺体积，可作为选择治疗方法的临床重要指标。     

经尿道汽化电切治疗前列腺增生

目的探讨经尿道前列腺汽化电切术（transurethralvapor．resectionoftlleprostate,rITUvP）治疗前列腺增生症（benignprostatehyperplasia,BPH）的疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2000年1月至2009年9月本院收治的300例BPH患者行TuVP的治疗效果。结果所有患者手术效果满意,手术时间50～90min,平均55min;切除前列腺质量20～85g,平均质量35g;平均出血量81m1;术后后期出血2例;平均留置尿管时间5d;发生经尿道电切综合征（transurethralresectionsyndrome,TURS）先兆3例;国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）从术前平均26．3分降至术后3个月平均6．7分（P〈0．01）;残余尿量由术前平均98mL减少至37mL（P〈0．01）;术后最大尿流率（Qmax）由术前3．2±1．0ml／s升高至15．6±0．8ml／s（P〈0．01）。结论’rUVP手术安全、创伤小,并发症少,是治疗BPH的理想手术方式。     

手术治疗并发逼尿肌乏力的良性前列腺增生症效果

目的了解手术治疗良性前列腺增生（BPH）并逼尿肌乏力的临床效果。方法并发逼尿肌收缩力减弱、急性尿潴留的BPH病人46例,根据术前排尿期膀胱逼尿肌压力（Pdet）分为A组（Pdet 1.1~4.0kPa,31例）和B组（Pdet 0~1.0kPa,15例）,两组均同期行经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）＋膀胱造瘘术,术后3个月随访病人的最大尿流率、残余尿量、国际前列腺症状评分（IPSS）和生活质量评分（QOL）。结果 A组26例术后拔除造瘘管排尿良好,5例终生保留造瘘管,总有效率为83.9%;B组7例术后拔除造瘘管排尿良好,8例终生保留造瘘管,总有效率为46.7%,两组总有效率比较差异有显著性（χ2=6.901,P〈0.05）。两组平均最大尿流率较术前升高,平均残余尿量、IPSS和QOL较术前降低,差异有显著性（t=7.14~29.17,P〈0.01）。结论逼尿肌轻度受损的BPH病人行TURP加膀胱造瘘术治疗可取得较好的效果。     

分区法经尿道双极等离子切除应用于80岁以上前列腺增生患者的效果与安全性

目的探讨高龄前列腺增生(BPH)患者采用分区法经尿道双极等离子切除治疗的效果及围手术期的安全性处理。方法 2006年6月至2013年1月应用分区法经尿道双极等离子切除治疗80岁以上前列腺增生患者81例,患者平均年龄85.1岁,>85岁36例;合并高血压病65例,冠心病50例,陈旧性心肌梗死7例,脑血管意外后遗症12例,慢性支气管炎、肺气肿49例,糖尿病35例。并收集患者术前、术后资料和症状评分进行对照。结果本组81例患者,其中72例均安全实施手术,手术时间17⁹4 min,失血量5094 min,失血量50²50 ml。术后随访12个月,没有出现尿失禁,最大尿流率(Qmax)由术前(4.3±3.1)ml/s上升至(14.4±3.2)ml/s,残余尿量(RUV)由术前(114.4±21.2)ml降至术后(26.7±9.2)ml,国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)由术前(27.8±4.7)分降至术后(9.1±2.3)分,生活质量评分由术前的(5.6±1.1)分降至术后的(2.9±0.6)分,术后与术前比较均有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。结论高龄不是前列腺的手术禁忌,分区法经尿道双极等离子前列腺切除是治疗高龄前列腺增生有效、安全的方法。     

老年高血压、高脂血症与良性前列腺增生相关性的临床研究

目的 探讨老年高血压及高脂血症对良性前列腺增生(BPH)临床进展的影响.方法 将明确诊断的211 例老年BPH患者纳入研究,并分为4组.1组为单纯BPH组(53例),2组为BPH合并高血压组(102例),3组为BPH合并高脂血症组(25例),4组为BPH合并高血压、高脂血症组(31例),回顾性分析其血压、血脂与前列腺体积、尿路梗阻症状及与血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)之间的关系.结果 与1组相比,2组、3组和4组患者的前列腺体积显著增大、残余尿增多、IPSS评分增加、最大尿流率(Qmax)下降、血清PSA显著增高(P均＜0.05).血压收缩压值与前列腺体积、IPSS、残余尿、血清PSA呈正相关;血清甘油三酯浓度与前列腺体积、IPSS呈正相关.结论 高血压及高脂血症明显加重BPH的下尿路症状,促进前列腺体积增大,是BPH临床进展的危险因素.     

Enhanced blood pressure and renal hemodynamic effect of chronic versus acute lisinopril administration in the rabbit.

This study was aimed at evaluating the factors responsible for the marked renal hemodynamic effect of 6-day treatment with lisinopril. Blood pressure (BP) and renal blood flow (RBF) were monitored in six groups of rabbits. Animals treated with lisinopril for 6 days (Group I) had lower BP (77 +/- 3 mm Hg) than normal controls (Groups II/III, 106 +/- 3 mm Hg, P < .05) or those given lisinopril acutely (Group IV, 93 +/- 8 mm Hg, P < .05). In addition, RBF was higher in Group I (81 +/- 2 ml/min) than in Groups II/III (54 +/- 5 ml/min, P < .05) or Group IV (66 +/- 8 ml/min, P < .05). Intrarenal arterial infusion of a B2 bradykinin receptor antagonist, D-Arg-O-[Hyp-3-Thi-5,8-D-Phe-7]bradykinin, had no effect on either BP or RBF in Group I. Administration of lisinopril for 6 days also resulted in attenuation of the vasoconstrictor responses to renal nerve stimulation (Group V). Intravenous infusion of D-Arg-O-[Hyp-3-Thi-5,8-D-Phe-7]bradykinin had no effect on the responses to nerve stimulation in lisinopril-treated rabbits (Group V) or their controls (Group VI). Moreover, D-Arg-O-[Hyp-3-Thi-5,8-D-Phe-7]bradykinin given i.v. did not alter the BP or RBF in Groups V and VI. The results indicate that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition over a 6-day period is more effective than acute inhibition in lowering BP and dilating the renal vascular bed. The use of bradykinin antagonists did not indicate kinin involvement in the long-term effect of lisinopril on BP and RBF.     

经尿道前列腺汽化加电切术治疗高危前列腺增生42例报告

目的 探讨治疗高危前列腺增生症的有效方法。方法 应用经尿道前列腺汽化加电切术治疗高危前列腺增生症患者42例，平均年龄72岁，伴有心、脑、肺、肾疾患及糖尿病等高危因素之一。结果 平均手术时间45min，术后IPSS评分、最大尿流率、残余尿、生活质量评分均较术前明显改善。结论 经尿道前列腺汽化加电切术，兼具二者的优势，互补不足，能在较短时间去除适量的前列腺组织，解除梗阻，效果满意。     

Experience in the use of valsartan with the aim to inhibit progression of kidney failure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis

AIM: To assess the effect of valsartan, angiotensin-II receptor blocker type 1, on key factors of progression of chronic renal failure (CRF)--arterial hypertension (AH), proteinuria (PU), sodium excretion (SE)--in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and initial affection of renal function. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 11 patients (mean age 33.7 +/- 13.3 years, mean duration of nephritis 8.6 +/- 6.4 years, male to female ratio 8:3) with AH (AP > 140/90 mm Hg) and marked PU (> 1 g/day) who had not received immunosuppressive drugs for at least 6 months before the trial were given valsartan. It was administered after the period of "washing out" at the initial dose 80 mg/day with further addition of diuretics or raising the dose twice (in hyperuricemia) to decrease AP under 140/90 mm Hg. The duration of the treatment was 3 months. RESULTS: After 3 months of valsartan therapy systolic arterial pressure fell from 162 +/- 18 to 138 +/- 20 mm Hg (p < 0.05), diastolic pressure from 100 +/- 8 to 92 +/- 15 mm Hg (single measurements). 24-h monitoring of AP showed a significant lowering of mean 24-h and night systolic and diastolic AP, day-time diastolic AP, 24-h time index of systolic and diastolic AP. Initial antiproteinuric effect was observed after 1 month of the treatment and after 3 months of therapy PU reduced significantly (from 5.7 +/- 6.0 g/day to 3.3 +/- 3.3 g/day). After 3 months sodium excretion significantly rose, while creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate did not. Potassium rose in one patient. CONCLUSION: In CGN with initial CRF valsartan in a dose 80-160 mg/day produces a pronounced antihypertensive and antiproteinuric actions, stimulates sodium excretion. No serious side effects were noted. It is necessary to continue studies on the ability of valsartan to inhibit progression of CRF.     

经直肠彩色多普勒超声在评价前列腺良性增生患者下尿路梗阻程度中的作用

目的探讨前列腺动脉血流阻力指数(RI)能否反映前列腺增生有下尿路梗阻症状患者的梗阻严重程度。方法对48例有下尿路梗阻症状的前列腺增生患者行经直肠彩色多普勒超声检查,检测前列腺被膜支动脉、尿道支动脉血流阻力指数(RI)及最大尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、前列腺体积、移行区体积、移行区指数,并对被膜支动脉、尿道支动脉血流RI与其他检测参数行Pearson相关分析。结果前列腺被膜支动脉血流RI与前列腺体积、移行区体积、移行区指数、IPSS均呈正相关(r=0.30、0.31、0.31、0.38,P<0.05),与最大尿流率呈负相关(r=-0.34,P<0.05);而尿道支动脉血流RI与上述参数无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论前列腺被膜支动脉血流RI可反映前列腺增生患者下尿路梗阻严重程度。     

A multicenter, community-based study of doxazosin in the treatment of concomitant hypertension and symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: the Hypertension and BPH Intervention Trial (HABIT)

As men age, the incidence of both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension increases. Concomitant occurrence of these conditions also increases with age, and the 2 are frequently encountered together in primary care practice. In addition, many patients with hypertension require >1 antihypertensive agent to adequately control blood pressure. In a multicenter, community-based, 8-week, uncontrolled, open-label study, we evaluated doxazosin, a selective alpha1-adrenergic-receptor antagonist, in 491 patients with concomitant symptomatic BPH (American Urological Association [AUA] symptom score > or =12) and hypertension, some previously untreated and some with inadequately controlled hypertension (systolic blood pressure 120-179 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] 80-109 mm Hg) despite taking 1 or 2 antihypertensive agents. Patients were allocated to 1 of 4 groups at baseline according to their diastolic blood pressure (control was considered DBP <90 mm Hg) and whether they had received antihypertensive medication before the study. Thus the 4 groups were treated/well-controlled, treated/poorly controlled, untreated/hypertensive, and untreated/normotensive. In all patient groups, doxazosin therapy significantly improved AUA total symptom and bothersomeness scores and BPH-specific indices of health status and interference with activities (P<0.001). Significant improvements in BPH symptoms were observed with doxazosin, regardless of whether initial symptoms were moderate or severe (P<0.001). Clinically important blood pressure lowering occurred only in the patient groups in which blood pressure had been elevated at baseline. Patients whose blood pressure was poorly controlled at baseline, either without or with treatment (predominantly with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or calcium channel blockers), achieved adequate blood pressure control (reduction to <140/90 mm Hg) with the addition of doxazosin. Similar improvements in blood pressure and BPH symptoms were seen in both older (> or =65 years) and younger (45 to 64 years) patients, and doxazosin was well tolerated by both groups. The most frequent treatment-related adverse event was dizziness (13.0% of patients); however, patients classified the dizziness as mild in approximately 75% of reports, and severe dizziness was reported by only 2 patients (0.4%). Doxazosin is an effective antihypertensive agent when used in combination with agents from other antihypertensive classes in patients with poorly controlled hypertension and BPH, and is also successful as monotherapy for controlling both BPH and hypertension in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.     

Effect of Aminoglutethimide on Blood Pressure and Steroid Secretion in Patients with Low Renin Essential Hypertension

An inhibitor of adrenal steroid biosynthesis, aminoglutethimide, was administered to seven patients with low renin essential hypertension, and the antihypertensive action of the drug was compared with its effects on adrenal steroid production. In all patients aldosterone concentrations in plasma and urine were within normal limits before the study. Mean arterial pressure was reduced from a pretreatment value of 117+/-2 (mean+/-SE) mm Hg to 108+/-3 mm Hg after 4 days of aminoglutethimide therapy and further to 99+/-3 mm Hg when drug administration was stopped (usually 21 days). Body weight was also reduced from 81.6+/-7.2 kg in the control period to 80.6+/-7.0 kg after 4 days of drug treatment and to 80.1+/-6.7 kg at the termination of therapy. Plasma renin activity was not significantly increased after 4 days of treatment but had risen to the normal range by the termination of aminoglutethimide therapy. Mean plasma concentrations of deoxycorticosterone and cortisol were unchanged during aminoglutethimide treatment whereas those of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-deoxycortisol were increased as compared to pretreatment values. In contrast, aminoglutethimide treatment reduced mean plasma aldosterone concentrations to about 30% of control values. Excretion rates of 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, 16-oxo-androstenediol, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-ketosteroids, and the secretion rate of 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone were not significantly altered by aminoglutethimide treatment whereas the excretion rate of aldosterone was reduced from 3.62+/-0.5 (mean+/-SE) in the control period to 0.9+/-0.2 mug/24 h after 4 days and to 1.1+/-0.3 mug/24 h at the termination of aminoglutethimide treatment.The gradual lowering of blood pressure and body weight during aminoglutethimide therapy is consistent with the view that the antihypertensive effect of the drug is mediated through a reduction in the patients' extracellular fluid volume, probably secondary to the persistent decrease in aldosterone production. The observation that chronic administration of aminoglutethimide lowered blood pressure in these patients and elevated their plasma renin activity to the normal range without decreasing production of the adrenal steroids, deoxycorticosterone, 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone, and 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone, makes it unlikely that these steroids are responsible either for the decreased renin or the elevated blood pressure in patients with low renin essential hypertension.     

Spirapril - a new long-acting ACE inhibitor: efficacy and safety in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with diabetes mellitus and impaired kidney function

AIM: To examine effectiveness and safety of quadropril. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), levels of glucose, potassium and creatinine, creatinine clearance were studied in 120 patients (48 males and 72 females, mean age 60.6 +/- 0.7 years) with mild to moderate arterial hypertension (AH) with average duration 13.8 +/- 0.7 years. The patients were divided into 3 groups: with AH (n = 40), AH + noninsulindependent diabetes mellitus (DM) (n = 43), AH and nephropathy (n = 37). 8-week treatment was performed with a standard dose of 6 mg/day (1 tablet of quadropril). Control examinations were made 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: After 8 weeks of treatment a decrease in systolic blood pressure in AH group was 24.0 +/- 3.0 mm Hg and in diastolic blood pressure 16.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (P < 0.001). In the group with DM this decrease was 22.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg and 15.7 +/- 1.4 mm Hg (p < 0.001), respectively. In the group with nephropathy this decrease was 26.4 +/- 2.4 and 16.5 +/- 1.3 mm Hg (p < 0.001), respectively. Heart rate changed significantly only in diabetics: from 75.1 +/- 1.7 to 72.9 +/- 1.3 beats/min. Biochemical parameters in the hypertensive and diabetic patients did not change significantly. In the nephropathy group there was a significant decrease in creatinine and increase in creatinine clearance. Their level of glucose and potassium changed insignificantly. CONCLUSION: The treatment with quadropril results in a significant decrease in blood pressure, does not influence parameters of carbohydrate metabolism, improves nitrogen eliminating function of the kidneys.     

肥胖与良性前列腺增生的相关性研究

目的分析肥胖与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的临床相关性,并对BPH的发病机制进行初步探讨。方法选择在该院泌尿外科住院的BPH患者120例,收集患者的体质量指数(BMI),空腹血糖(FBG)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、白介素6(IL-6)、前列腺体积(PV)、最大尿流率(Qmax)、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)等临床资料。按BMI将其分为正常组、超体质量组和肥胖组,比较分析各组中BPH患者各指标的差异及相关性。结果与正常组BPH患者比较,超体质量组和肥胖组的IPSS、PV、IL-6升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而超体质量组和肥胖组的Qmax降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);120例BPH患者IPSS、PV、IL-6与BMI呈正相关(r分别为0.486、0.518和0.729,P0.01),Qmax与BMI呈负相关(r=-0.391,P0.01)。结论肥胖与BPH的发病、发展密切相关,炎性细胞因子IL-6可能在BPH的病理生理过程中起重要作用。     

Labetalol infusion in hypertensive emergencies

The antihypertensive effects of labetalol infusion (2 mg/min; maximal dose 150 mg) were evaluated in 22 subjects requiring rapid lowering of blood pressure because of severe hypertension, a hypertensive crisis after surgery, or before angiographic examination. Overall systolic and diastolic blood pressures were reduced from 201 +/- 4 to 164 +/- 4 mm Hg and from 123 +/- 3 to 107 +/- 3 mm Hg, respectively. By the end of the infusion, diastolic blood pressure in 16 (73%) subjects was lowered to less than or equal to 110 mm Hg. No adverse effects were encountered, but one subject had a transitory hypotensive episode that did not require treatment. Intravenous labetalol appears effective and well tolerated in the control of blood pressure in hypertensive emergencies.     

The effect of changes in perfusion pressure on uteroplacental blood flow in the pregnant rabbit.

The effect of perfusion pressure on uteroplacental blood flow was determined in pregnant rabbits utilizing the radioactive microsphere method. Control mean arterial pressure, 93 mm Hg +/- 2.6 SEM, was raised by carotid ligation to 109 +/- 4.1 mm Hg and then reduced with antihypertensive drugs to 74 +/- 1.3 mm Hg. Over this range of pressure there was no significant change in cardiac output, 605 +/- 36, 523 +/- 37, and 540 +/- 39 ml/min; or uteroplacental blood flow, 30 +/- 3.2, 27 +/- 5.2, and 29 +/- 4.5 ml/min, respectively. When prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited with either indomethacin or meclofenamate (2 mg/kg), uterine vascular resistance was higher but maintenance of uteroplacental flow occurred over a perfusion pressure of 89 +/- 6.7-115 +/- 9.3 mm Hg. With more severe hypotension induced with trimethaphan, control arterial pressure fell from 92 +/- 2.4 to 39 +/- 0.9 mm Hg, cardiac output fell from 514 +/- 17 to 407 +/- 22 ml/min (P less than 0.025) and uteroplacental blood flow fell from 6.1 +/- 0.9 to 2.5 +/- 0.9% of cardiac output (P less than 0.05), which represented an absolute fall from 32.4 +/- 5 to 10.6 +/- 3 ml/min (P less than 0.025). There was no significant change in renal blood flow expressed as percentage of cardiac output, 14.9 +/- 2 and 13 +/- 1.5%, or in absolute flow, 75 +/- 7.7 and 54 +/- 7 ml/min with trimethaphan-induced hypotension. These studies indicate that uteroplacental blood flow is maintained relatively constant over a range of perfusion pressure of 60-140 mm Hg in both normal and prostaglandin-inhibited pregnant rabbits. However, with reduction in pressure to 36-42 mm Hg, uteroplacental blood flow falls, expressed as a percentage of cardiac output and in absolute flow.     

Effect of positive and negative pressure breathing on sodium and water excretion

Positive and negative pressure breathing purportedly alter renal sodium and water excretion by modifying hemodynamics and/or hormonal regulators of sodium and water homeostasis. To test this hypothesis we monitored hemodynamic and hormonal responses in seven normal men to (1) continuous positive pressure breathing (19 +/- 1 mm Hg for 30 minutes) after water loading (urine volume = 15 +/- 1 ml/min); and (2) continuous negative pressure breathing (11 +/- 1 mm Hg for 30 minutes) after maintenance water ingestion (urine volume = 4 +/- 1 ml/min), in random order. Each study was repeated on a control day without pressure breathing. Results were as follows (mean +/- SE, p less than 0.05): (1) continuous positive pressure breathing decreased urinary sodium from 0.28 +/- 0.07 to 0.17 +/- 0.04 mEq/min, increased atrial natriuretic peptide from 34.2 +/- 4.9 to 48.5 +/- 6.9 pg/ml, and had no effect on osmolar and free water clearances, cardiac output, plasma renin activity, or plasma aldosterone and plasma arginine vasopressin levels; and (2) continuous negative pressure breathing increased free water clearance from 0.6 +/- 0.7 to 4.5 +/- 1.2 ml/min, urine volume from 4.0 +/- 0.8 to 8.9 +/- 1.3 ml/min, and cardiac output from 5.1 +/- 0.4 to 7.0 +/- 0.6 L/min in a proportional manner (r = 0.40, p less than 0.01) and had no effect on osmolar clearance, urinary volumes of sodium and potassium, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone, atrial natriuretic peptide, and arginine vasopressin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects on right ventricular function of a change from dopamine to dobutamine in critically ill patients

In 15 critically ill patients requiring adrenergic support, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and right ventricular (RV) volumes were measured by the thermodilution technique receiving 5 micrograms/kg.min of dopamine and after replacement by the same dose of dobutamine. Shift from dopamine to dobutamine resulted in significant increases in stroke index from 28.1 +/- 3.6 to 31.0 +/- 3.8 ml/m2 (p less than .01) and significant decreases in pulmonary artery balloon-occluded pressure from 15.1 +/- 1.0 to 13.9 +/- 1.2 mm Hg (p less than .05) and right atrial pressure (RAP) from 14.0 +/- 1.3 to 12.2 +/- 1.1 mm Hg (p less than .05). RVEF increased slightly but significantly from 21.5 +/- 2.7% to 23.7 +/- 2.9% (p less than .01) so that RV end-diastolic volume (RVEDVI) was unchanged (140 +/- 12 vs. 141 +/- 12 ml, nonsignificant). RVEDVI/RAP ratio increased from 11.3 +/- 1.0 to 12.9 +/- 1.1 ml/mm Hg (p = .037). These results support the view that dobutamine has more favorable effects on RV function than dopamine in critically ill patients in the absence of profound hypotension and also indicates that higher filling pressures under dopamine administration can be related to changes in ventricular pressure/volume relationship.     

The antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide is not prostacyclin dependent

We tested the hypothesis that vascular prostacyclin synthesis is stimulated by hydrochlorothiazide and could account for some of the drug's antihypertensive effect. We studied 13 patients with mild essential hypertension in a randomized, double-blind design to assess the effects of indomethacin on hydrochlorothiazide's ability to lower blood pressure, alter body weight, stimulate plasma renin activity, and modulate vascular prostacyclin biosynthesis as assessed by the urinary excretion of the major enzymatically produced metabolite of prostacyclin, 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha), measured by GC/MS. Administration of hydrochlorothiazide, 50 mg daily for 2 weeks, was associated with a significant decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in both supine (systolic, 148 +/- 3 to 136 +/- 3 mm Hg; diastolic, 97 +/- 2 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg) and upright (systolic, 151 +/- 4 to 131 +/- 2 mm Hg; diastolic, 103 +/- 2 to 97 +/- 3 mm Hg) positions. Hydrochlorothiazide administration resulted in a 1 kg weight loss and stimulation of plasma renin activity from 1.7 +/- 0.4 to 5.3 +/- 1.1 ng angiotensin I/ml/hr. However, the urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha was unchanged after administration of hydrochlorothiazide (86 +/- 13/ng/gm creatinine during placebo, 74 +/- 13 ng/gm during week 1 of hydrochlorothiazide, and 70 +/- 9 ng/gm during week 2 of the drug). Administration of indomethacin, 50 mg twice a day, resulted in greater than 60% inhibition of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha excretion but did not affect the antihypertensive response to hydrochlorothiazide. Indomethacin did not oppose the diuretic effect of hydrochlorothiazide as assessed by weight loss but did attenuate the rise in plasma renin activity. Our data demonstrate that the blood pressure-lowering effect of a thiazide diuretic does not require enhanced prostacyclin synthesis and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin does not antagonize the antihypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorothiazide.     

绿激光前列腺汽化术治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生症的疗效观察

目的 探讨经尿道绿激光前列腺汽化术(PVP)治疗高龄高危良性前列腺增生症(BPH)的有效性及安全性.方法 采用PVP治疗高龄高危BPH患者120例,观察平均手术时间、术中出血量、术后留置导尿管时间及手术并发症,记录并计算手术前后国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、最大尿流率(Qmax)及剩余尿量(RUV)等指标的差异.结果 120例患者均安全度过围术期,平均手术时间(52.6±5.8)min,术中出血量(20.4±9.5)ml,26例术后未留置导尿管,94例术后留置导尿管(24.5±15.9)h.IPSS及QOL分别由术前(28.5±3.8)分及(5.0±0.8)下降至(7.2±1.8)分及(1.5±0.6)分,Qmax由术前(5.2±3.1)ml/s增加至术后(15.2±4.3)ml/s,RUV由术前(118.6±15.2)m1下降至术后(16.5±4.6)ml,手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为8.28、8.19、7.52、9.41,P均＜0.05).结论 PVP是治疗BPH的一种独特、安全、有效的微创手术方法,手术操作简单、时间短、出血少、术后恢复快、并发症发生率及病死率低,尤其适用于高龄、伴发全身其他疾病的高危BPH患者.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of greenlight photoselective vaporization of prostate (PVP) in high-risk elder patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods A total of 120 high-risk elder patients with BPH underwent PVP procedure. The operating time, blood 1oss, indwelling catheterization and operation-related complications were monitored. The variables such as international prostate symptom score (IPSS), Quality of life (QOL) score, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and residual urine volume (RUV) were recorded and compared pre- and post-operatively. Results All the 120 patients had a good peri-operative condition. The mean operating time was (52. 6 ± 5.8 )min, intraoperative blood loss was (20.4 ±9.5) ml. Among the 120 cases,26 did not received postoperative catheterization. In the other 94 cases received postoperative catheterization, the mean catheterization time was (24. 5 ± 15.9) hour. IPSS and QOL scores decreased from (28.5 ± 3.8) and (5.0 ± 0.8) preoperatively to (7.2 ± 1.8) and (1.5 ± 0.6)postoperatively. Qmax increased from ( 5.2 ± 3.1 ) ml/s to ( 15.2 ± 4.3 ) ml/s, and RUV decreased from ( 118.6 ± 15.2) ml to ( 16. 5 ± 4. 6) ml. There was significant difference for these parameters before and after the operation (Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The PVP is considered to be a safe, effective and minimally invasive procedure to treat BPHin high-risk elder patients. It is easy to manipulate, with advantages of shorter operating time,less blood loss, better tolerance and rapid recovery, especially for high-risk elder patients with BPH.