饮酒对尿2 -硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸排泄的影响

目的观察饮酒对二硫化碳(CS2)接触者及非接触者尿2-硫代噻唑烷4羧酸(TTCA)排泄的影响。方法(1)男性非接触CS2志愿者10人,一次饮用38。白酒150ml或250ml,高效液相色谱法观察其尿TTCA排泄动态;(2)CS2作业男工152人,非接触者60人,分别收集班末尿和晨尿进行TTCA测定并进行问卷调查;同时进行个体空气采样和CS2浓度气相色谱法测定。结果非接触者一次饮白酒150ml后3h尿TTCA水平达峰值,12h后降至饮前水平(餐前0．5h,饮酒后1、3、12h中位数分别为0．045、0．068、0．099、0．046mg/gCr,n=10);TTCA水平随饮白酒剂量的增加而增高,饮0、150、250ml白酒者TTCA水平(中位数)分别为0．036、0．064、0．609mg/gCr(n=5,饮后3h)。CS2浓度为≤10．0、10．1～50．0、>50．0mg/m3时,CS2接触者TTCA有随CS2浓度增高而上升的趋势;对照组中饮白酒和啤酒者TTCA水平似高于不饮者,而接触组TTCA水平则随饮酒指数的增加而呈降低趋势。结论大量饮酒可影响尿TTCA水平,在进行CS2生物监测时,应避免在大量饮酒后12h内采集尿样,以避免饮酒对监测结果的干扰作用。     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸用于二硫化碳作业工人生物监测研究

本文应用高效液相色谱法对ＣＳ＿２作业工人班前、班后尿及对照组尿２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定。结果发现ＣＳ＿２作业工人班后尿ＴＴＣＡ明显高于对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＳ＿２作业工人班后尿ＴＴＣＡ明显高于工作班前，亦有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。高浓度接触组工人尿ＴＴＣＡ高于低浓度接触组工人尿ＴＴＣＡ，说明作业工人ＣＳ＿２的接触量与尿ＴＴＣＡ含量之间有相关性。作者认为汞ＴＴＣＡ可用于二硫化碳接触的生物监测。     

尿中2—硫代噻唑烷—4—羧酸排泄规律初探

对１５名二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）作业工人与１４名非接触者进行了尿２硫代噻唑烷４羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）排泄规律研究。结果表明，随ＣＳ２接触时间与接触量的增加，ＴＴＣＡ水平逐渐增高（班前、班中、班末ＴＴＣＡ几何均数分别为１．２５７４、１．６１２０、２．１８０５／ｇｃｒ），呈剂量效应关系。停止接触后ＴＴＣＡ排泄较快，１６ｈ后基本降至前一天班前水平。班末尿ＴＴＣＡ能灵敏地反映个体近期ＣＳ２接触量。４２个非接触者尿样中有３２个检出微量ＴＴＣＡ（７６．２％），其ＴＴＣＡ排泄无明显特征，但摄入白酒可影响尿ＴＴＣＡ的排泄     

尿中2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸的高压液相色谱法测定

本文采用酸性乙醚提取,高压液相色谱测定的方法对二硫化碳在尿中的代谢产物2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸(TTCA)进行了分析。结果表明,本法灵敏度高,干扰少,应用范围广,且线性范围,精密度,回收率亦均符合定量分析的要求,适用于二硫化碳的生物监测工作。     

尿中2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸测定的反萃取高效液相色谱法

目的 建立尿中2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸(TTCA)测定的反萃取高效液相色谱法.方法 取尿1 ml,分别加入2mol/L盐酸和水各0.5 ml,摇匀,加入4ml乙醚,振荡萃取2min后取出下层水相于具塞试管,用4ml乙醚再次萃取,合并2次萃取乙醚后取4ml,加入硼砂-磷酸二氢钾缓冲溶液2ml,振荡萃取2 min后取下层水相测定.采用C18色谱柱分离,紫外检测器检测,波长为273nm,流速为1.1ml/min,进样体积为20μl.结果 该方法的线性范围为1～10 μg,相关系数r=0.9995,最低检出浓度为0.1 μg/ml.尿中TTCA浓度为1、5、10 μg/ml时,日内精密度分别为:8.4％、3.0％和1.7％,日间精密度分别为11％、3.8％和1.9％;回收率为80％～ 102％.结论 本方法简便、快速、准确,适用于二硫化碳接触工人尿中TTCA含量的测定.     

粘胶工人尿2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸浓度与神经传导速度的相关性研究

目的 探讨尿中－2硫代噻唑烷－4－羟酸（TTCA）含量作为内暴露指标在我国二硫化碳（CS2）接触工人神经系统功能职业健康监护方面的实际应用价值。方法 应用高效液相色谱法测定工人8h班末尿TTCA含量,选取尿中TTCA＜5mg/gCr者作为研究对象;应用常规方法测定工人腓总神经和腓肠神经传导速度及腓总神经F波最短潜伏期;用SAS软件包进行多元回归统计分析。结果 暴露组与对照组比较,工人神经传导速度的相关指标存在组间差异：暴露组运动神经元端及近端动作电位波幅降低（偏回归系数分别为－1．0985、－0．9557）,F波最短潜伏期延长（偏回归系数为1．6830）。结论 就周围神经系统功能而言,尿TTCA含量作为我国CS2接触工人的一项敏感的内暴露指标。     

吸入CS2与尿2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸含量的关系

吸入ＣＳ２与尿２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸含量的关系高艳华徐晓芳梁友信傅慰祖２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）是ＣＳ２的特异性代谢产物，其特异性及敏感度较高，目前已被公认是反映ＣＳ２接触的较好的生物学监测指标［１～３］。关于非接触者尿中是否含有ＴＴＣＡ...     

尿中肌酐和2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸测定的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法

目的:建立测定尿中肌酐（Cre）和2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸（TTCA）的超高效液相色谱串联质谱法。方法:于2020年10月,取监测对象班末尿样,离心制备滤液,经超高效液相色谱仪C18色谱柱分离后,以乙腈和0.2%乙酸水溶液作流动相进行梯度淋洗;三重四极杆串联质谱采用电喷雾离子源（ESI）,离子源温度500 ℃,气帘气流...     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸的反相高效液相色谱法研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法（分离柱：ＵｔｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅＴＭＯＤＳＣ－１８）对二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）代谢产物２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定条件优选。以流动相为甲醇（１４％）、冰乙酸（１. ５％）和水（８４. ５％）；流速１. ５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；紫外线检测波长２７２ｎｍ时分离检测效果最好。同时，对尿样前处理方法也进行了探讨。本法平均回收率９８. ９％，最小检出量０. ００８ｎｇ，ＴＴＣＡ浓度在０～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈直线相关（ｒ＝０. ９９９６）是ＣＳ２生物监测的良好方法。     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸的反相高效液相色谱法研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法（分离柱：ＵｔｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅＴＭＯＤＳＣ－１８）对二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）代谢产物２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定条件优选。以流动相为甲醇（１４％）、冰乙酸（１. ５％）和水（８４. ５％）；流速１. ５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；紫外线检测波长２７２ｎｍ时分离检测效果最好。同时，对尿样前处理方法也进行了探讨。本法平均回收率９８. ９％，最小检出量０. ００８ｎｇ，ＴＴＣＡ浓度在０～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈直线相关（ｒ＝０. ９９９６）是ＣＳ２生物监测的良好方法。     

Preliminary evaluation of urinary 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic-acid (TTCA) levels as a test for exposure to carbon disulfide

Summary The exposure to carbon disulfide of workers in charge of different jobs in a Belgian viscose plant was measured by means of personal monitoring of the inhaled air and by quantitative assay of 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) in urine.It was found that the atmospheric carbon disulfide concentration varied considerably among different jobs, among different individuals doing the same jobs and for the same individuals in the course of the working period.The 2-thio-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic-acid levels increased markedly during the exposure. The correlation between individual personal monitoring results and the increase TTCA levels was found to be statistically significant.Supported by the Nationaal Fonds voor Geneeskundig Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek under Grant no. 3.0013.81     

Mortality of Dutch workers exposed to carbon disulfide

Epidemiological studies carried out in Great Britain, Scandinavia and the United States indicate that workers exposed to carbon disulfide are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and in particular for ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality. In the epidemiological study reported here a retrospective cohort design was used. The total study population consisted of 3322 workers from a Dutch viscose textile plant who had all been employed for at least half a year between 1 January 1947 and 1 January 1980. Only production and maintenance workers were selected for the study. A group of 1434 workers who had been exposed to carbon disulfide was identified from the files available at the plant. The remaining 1888 workers who had not been exposed to carbon disulfide were used as a reference group. The total study population was followed for mortality until 1 January 1988. For the 762 workers who had died before that date, the causes of death were checked at the Central Bureau of Statistics. The results show a slightly but significantly increased risk for CVD mortality (CVD-specific SMR of 115), despite the observation of the socalled healthy worker effect and the statistical uncertainties inherent to this type of study. The results are in accordance with those reported by other investigators. The results indicate that exposure to relatively low levels of carbon disulfide increases the risk of CVD mortality.     

Urinary excretion of specific mercapturic acids in workers exposed to styrene

Styrene is an important chemical of wide industrial use, particularly in the manufacture of polymers and reinforced plastics. Environmental and occupational exposures to styrene occur predominantly via inhalation. Styrene undergoes biotransformation mainly by side chain oxidation catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 enzymes to its reactive metabolite, styrene oxide. The (R)- and (S)-enantiomers of styrene oxide can be conjugated with glutathione to both (R)- and (S)-diastereoisomers of specific mercapturic acids, N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (MI) and N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (M2). We conducted this biomonitoring study with the aim of evaluating the association between excretion of specific mercapturic acids (M1 and M2) and level of exposure to styrene among occupationally exposed people. The mean time-weighted average (TWA) exposure was about one-half the current threshold limit value, the range of the values varied from 44 to 228 mg/m³. Geometric mean (GM) concentrations of 650. 1,084, and 31.8 μg/g creatinine were measured, respectively, for M1-S, M2, and M1-R. The environmental styrene concentration exhibited a significant correlation with total specific mercapturic acid (Mtot = sum of M1-R, M1-S, and M2), making it possible for the first time to calculate the approximate relationship between styrene uptake and excretion of these substances. The M2 mercapturic acid had a better correlation (r = 0.56) with respect to M1-R and M1-S. Significant correlations were found also between the excretion of specific mercapturic acids and biological exposure indices (i.e., mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids and urinary styrene). Am. J. Ind. Med. 31:636–644, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Assessment of exposure to carbon disulfide in viscose production workers from urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid determinations.

The follow-up of environmental carbon disulfide (CS2) exposure and urinary excretion of 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA) among 20 operatives over a 4-day working week in two viscose producing factories confirmed earlier observations that TTCA is a sensitive and reliable indicator of exposure to CS2. Exposure to as low as 0.5-1.0 ppm (1.6-3.2 mg/m3) of CS2 (8-hour time-weighted average [TWA]) was associated with detectable amounts of TTCA in end-of-shift urine. Moreover, the excretion of TTCA, relative to estimated CS2 uptake, appeared surprisingly constant in the studied work force. Approximately 3% (range 2-6.5%) of absorbed CS2 was detected in urine as TTCA. The proportional TTCA excretion did not show dose dependency in the estimated CS2 dose range which varied by about 20-fold. TTCA elimination exhibited both a fast (T 1/2 6 hour) and a slow (T 1/2 68 hour) phase. The slow elimination is compatible with a high lipid solubility and reversible protein binding of CS2. Consequently, urinary excretion of TTCA, relative to CS2 exposure, increased by about a third during the workweek. Urinary TTCA concentration of 4.5 mmol/mol creatinine in a postshift sample corresponded to a TWA exposure to 10 ppm CS2 towards the end of the working week.     

Urinary homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid in workers exposed to carbon disulfide

Homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandellic acid (VMA), two end products of dopamine metabolism, were measured in 60 workers exposed to carbon disulfide (CS₂) in a rayon factory and in 48 unexposed workers. The airborne CS₂ concentrations in eight major exposure zones of the plant were measured monthly over a period of 4 years, from 1990 to 1994. In addition, the exposure concentrations and exposure history of each worker were integrated to estimate the overall lifetime exposure. Industrial hygiene data showed that the geometric mean concentrations of CS₂ in the plant ranged from 2.68 to 20.19 ppm, and more than 15% of the studied population had been repeatedly exposed to CS₂ at concentrations exceeding the ACGIH recommended time-weighted average of 10 ppm. The results showed that there was a significantly lower level and a higher proportion of CS₂ workers with decreased HVA and VMA excretion. However, there were no statistical correlations between the two dopaminergic metabolites and the mean CS₂ concentration, and years of employment. In contrast, significant dose-effect relationships were observed between these two matabolites and the integrated cumulative exposure (ICE) variable. The correlation coefficients for ICE and HVA, and ICE and VMA were -0.35 (p < 0.01) and -0.20 (p < 0.05), respectively. These data suggest that chronic exposure to CS₂ was associated with measurable reduction in catecholamine metabolite concentrations. This finding is compatible with the earlier observations in laboratory animals that CS₂ exposures interfere with neurochemical metabolism. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

二硫化碳对接触工人心血管系统的影响

目的 探讨二硫化碳(CS2)接触对作业工人心血管系统的影响.方法 选取某化纤厂CS2污染程度不同的、有代表性的车间,对其633名接触CS2作业工人作业场所的CS2浓度进行检测,同时对工人进行血压、心电图、血常规、胆固醇(TCHO)、甘油三酯(TG)等测定;用X2检验和多元logistic回归分析方法,对数据进行统计学处理.结果 作业工人接触CS2水平检测结果显示,共有389名作业工人接触CS2的浓度≤5 mg/m3,244名作业工人接触CS2的浓度＞5 mg/m3,其中接触CS2浓度最高值为15.73 mg /m3.CS2对作业工人的心电图各检查指标、红细胞、白细胞、血小板等指标以及TCHO和TG均无明显影响,对血压有正向影响,对血红蛋白有负向影响;男性CS2接触工人TCHO升高、TG升高及高血压检出率明显高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),年龄≤30岁的CS2接触工人的窦性心律失常、高血压及TCHO升高的检出率均明显高于年龄＞30岁的CS2接触工人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).1≤工龄＜10年组接触CS2工人的窦性心律失常检出率明显高于工龄≥10年工人,1≤工龄＜10年组接触CS2工人的高血压及TCHO升高的检出率明显低于工龄≥10年工人,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 CS2接触对心血管系统相关指标未见明显影响.     

Antioxidative stress response in workers exposed to carbon disulfide

Objective: To study the effects of carbon disulfide (CS₂) on antioxidative stress systems of exposed workers. Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and thiobarbituric acid test (BAT) were conducted on 67 exposed workers and 88 controlled ones in a viscose rayon factory to determine their serum cuprozinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels. Results: The average levels of CuZnSOD in workers exposed to CS₂ both above and below 10 mg/m³ were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.0001), showing some dose-effect and dose-response relationships. SOD levels increased when the exposure index (EI) was less than 300, and remained at a high level at the range of 300 to 900. When EI was higher than 900, SOD tended to decrease. Meanwhile, the serum MDA levels increased. Both CS₂ concentrations and exposure time contribute to the MDA levels. Conclusions: CS₂ exposure could influence the stress response of the oxidative-antioxidative system of workers. Increased SOD levels could be considered as the stress response of antioxidative system to CS₂ exposure in the early stages, and the influence of CS₂ on SOD might be bi-directional. SOD and MDA might become objective indices in workers' health surveillance. The role of these two indices in the intoxication mechanism still needs to be clarified. Received: 3 August 1999 / Accepted: 25 April 2000     

Urinary excretion of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid in workers exposed to 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene

Summary The urinary excretion of 3,4-dimethylhippuric acid (34DMHA), a 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene (124TMB) metabolite, was investigated in workers exposed to 124TMB vapor. The time-weighted average of exposure to 124TMB was determined with a diffusive sampler. For biological monitoring of exposure, urine samples were collected from individual workers and analyzed for metabolites by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The concentration of urinary 34DMHA had a positive correlation with the level of exposure to 124TMB (r = 0.72). The data suggest that 34DMHA is one of the useful indicators for biological monitoring of 124TMB exposure.