改良的ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效观察

目的:探讨改良的ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及中度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效.方法:采用改良的ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗16例高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及中度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,其中高度恶性9例,7例为初发患者,2例为复发患者;中度恶性7例为复发患者. 结果:7例高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及中度恶性复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤达到完全缓解( CR率43.7%),6例达到部分缓解( PR率37.5%),总有效率为81.2%;目前8例仍生存,其中生存时间最长达42个月(2例),仍处于CR期.毒副作用主要为消化道症状、轻度肝功能异常以及骨髓抑制.结论:改良的ProMACE/CytaBOM方案对部分高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤及中度恶性复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者效果好,毒副作用较轻,值得推广使用.     

ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗中高度非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的 :研究ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效及不良反应。方法 :采用ProMACE/CytaBOM方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤 34例。其中弥漫性大细胞型 2 1例 ,弥漫性小裂细胞型 3例 ,弥漫性大小细胞混合型 4例 ,免疫母细胞型 3例 ,淋巴母细胞型 2例 ,小无裂细胞型1例。恶性程度为中高度。分期为Ⅱ～Ⅳ期。结果 :CR 2 3例 ,占 67.6% ;PR 6例 ,占 17.6% ;有效率为85.3%。主要毒副作用为骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应。结论 :ProMACE/CyatBOM方案治疗中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤近期疗效确切 ,毒副作用可耐受 ,值得临床推广。     

ProMACE-CytaBOM方案与CHOP方案治疗非霍奇金淋巴瘤的随机对照研究

背景与目的:CHOP方案一直是治疗中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non鄄Hodgkin蒺slymphoma,NHL)的基本方案,近年有文献报道ProMACE鄄CytaBOM方案可以提高中、高度恶性NHL的完全缓解(completeresponse,CR)率及生存率。本研究中我们比较ProMACE鄄CytaBOM方案与CHOP方案治疗中、高度恶性NHL的疗效与安全性,为中、高度恶性NHL的规范治疗提供依据。方法:选择经病理组织学证实的中、高度恶性NHL的患者146例,随机分为ProMACE鄄CytaBOM组和CHOP组两组,分别采用上述两种方案治疗。两组生存率采用Kaplan鄄Meier法分析,组间比较采用χ2检验。结果:ProMACE鄄CytaBOM组CR29例(39.7%),部分缓解(partialresponse,PR)28例(38.4%),缓解率(responserate,RR,CR+PR)为78.1%(57/73);CHOP组CR23例(31.5%),PR21例(28.8%),RR为60.3%(44/73);两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。ProMACE鄄CytaBOM组患者1、3、5年生存率分别为89.3%、76.2%和45.7%,CHOP组分别为82.1%、51.4%和32.3%,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。两组出现的主要不良反应是白细胞下降、血小板下降及恶心等,两组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。两组各有1例治疗相关性死亡病例。结论:与CHOP方案相比,ProMACE鄄CytaBOM方案疗效较好,不良反应可以耐受,可作为治疗中、高度恶性NHL的     

EPOCH方案治疗复发性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床护理

目的：探讨EPOCH方案治疗复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的治疗与护理方法。方法：复发非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者30例，行EPOCH方案化疗，在常规护理的同时，加强心理护理和化疗毒副反应的护理。结果：30例患者CR9例（30％），PR10例（33．3％），总有效率63．3％（19／30）。结论：EPOCH方案是治疗复发性B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤的有效解救化疗方案，患者耐受性好，毒副反应小。心理护理减少了患者对化疗的恐惧感，化疗后的护理使治疗能顺利完成，增强了治疗效果。     

长春瑞滨联合足叶乙甙、顺铂治疗复发性难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的：研究长春瑞滨、足叶乙甙、顺铂（NEP方案）联合治疗难治性中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床疗效及主要不良反应。方法：32例难治性中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤病人用NEP方案治疗，长春瑞滨25mg／m^2静脉滴注，第1、8天；足叶乙甙80mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天～5天；顺铂30mg／m^2，静脉滴注，第1天～3天；21天～28天为1周期，连用2周期评定疗效。结果：缓解率为78．1％（25／32）；完全缓解率（CR）为25．0％（8／32），部分缓解率为53．1％（17／32）。主要不良反应为骨髓抑制，白细胞减少的发生率为87．5％，Ⅲ～Ⅳ度的为40．6％，血红蛋白及血小板减少的发生率分别为34．4％和47．0％。脱发的发生率为50．0％，其它不良反应少见。结论：NEP方案可作为复发性、难治性中高度恶性淋巴瘤的解救治疗。     

CHVmP-VB方案治疗中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤

目的 探讨并评价CHVmP-VB方案治疗中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效及毒性。方法 48例中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)接受CHVmP-VB方案(环磷酰胺，多柔比星，鬼臼噻吩甙，泼尼松，长春新碱，博来霉素)化疗。结果 2例仅化疗1周期而剔除。可评价疗效46例，CR35例，PR7例，有效率91．3％(42／46)，CR率76．1％(35／46)。中位随访25．5个月，4年生存率为57．4％(37．6％～77．2％)，中位生存期27．5个月。4年无病生存率为62．0％(40．4％～83．5％)，中位无病生存期19．6个月。可评价毒性46倒，主要毒性为血液学毒性、恶心、呕吐和脱发等，3～4度毒性少见。结论 CHVmP-VB方案治疗中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤CR率高，可治愈一部分患者，是否作为国际预后指标(IPI)低及低一中危险的非霍奇金淋巴瘤的一线治疗方案，需与标准的CHOP方案比较。     

鼻咽非霍奇金淋巴瘤12例临床分析

目的探讨鼻咽非霍奇金淋巴瘤的发病率、疗效及预后。方法回顾分析鼻咽非霍奇金淋巴瘤12例的临床资料。结果本病占恶性淋巴瘤的3．43％，占结外淋巴瘤的12．9％，高度恶性占75％(9／12)，T细胞占66．7％(8／12)。临床表现为鼻塞、鼻腔恶臭异味、鼻涕带血、发热。全部误诊。CR9例，PR2例，PD1例，有效率(CR PR)为91．7％(11／12)。2、5年生存率分别为77．8％、71．4％。结论鼻咽非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床少见，极易误诊。本病疗效较好，但高度恶性、T细胞型并伴有发热症状者预后差。     

ProMACE-CytaBOM方案治疗难治性及复发中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的对照研究

目的:观察ProMACE CytaBOM方案治疗复发及难治性中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non Hodgkin’slymphoma,NHL)的临床疗效及毒副反应,并与DICE方案比较。方法:41例复发及难治性中高度恶性NHL患者随机分为两组:治疗组20例,采用Pro MACE CytaBOM方案治疗;对照组21例,采用DICE方案治疗。结果:治疗组与对照组两组CR率分别为35.0%和28.6%,χ2=0.196,P=0.658;两组总有效率分别为70.0%和71.4%,χ2=0.010,P=0.920;经过中位15个月(5～27个月)的随访,两组1、2年总生存率及中位生存期分别为65.0%、34.7%、19个月和64.8%、34.6%、16个月,χ2=0.210,P=0.645;两组1、2年无疾病进展生存率及中位疾病进展时间分别为40.0%、11.4%、11个月和41.9%、17.4%、11个月,χ2=0.000,P=0.964,差异均无统计学意义。两组毒副反应亦相似。结论:ProM ACE CytaBOM方案是复发及难治性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的一个有效的解救治疗方案。     

ITVP方案治疗36例难治和复发的非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效观察

目的观察ＩＴＶＰ方案对难治和复发的非霍奇金淋巴瘤的疗效。方法用异环磷酰胺、吡喃阿霉素、长春地辛和泼尼松治疗３６例难治、复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者。结果完全缓解１６例，缓解率为４４．４％，部分缓解７例，总有效率为６３．９％。缓解期为３～３６个月，中位缓解期为１４个月。结论ＩＴＶＰ方案治疗难治、复发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤疗效较高，毒副作用较小。     

DICE方案与CHOP方案治疗中高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤的随机对照研究

背景与目的：长期以来，CHOP方案被认为是治疗中、高度恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤（non—Hodgkin，slym—phoma，NHL）的基本方案，近年有文献报道DICE方案可以提高中、高度恶性NHL的疗效。本研究中我们比较DICE方案与CHOP方案治疗中、高度恶性NHL的疗效与安全性，为中、高度恶性NHL的规范治疗提供依据。方法：选择经病理学或组织学证实的中、高度恶性NHL的患者74例，按信封法随机分为DICE组与CHOP组两组，分别采用上述两种方案治疗。结果：DICE组CR15例（40．5％），PR14例（37．8％），缓解率RR（CR＋PR）为78．3％（29／37）；CHOP组CR11例（29．7％），PR10例（27．0％），RR为56．7％（21／37）；两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。DICE组的1、3、5年生存率分别为89．2％、76．0％和46．7％，CHOP组分别为81．2％、52．6％和36．4％。两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。两组出现的主要不良反应为Ⅲ／Ⅳ度粒细胞和血小板减少及恶心等，两组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论：与CHOP方案相比，DICE方案疗效较好，不良反应可以耐受，但是否可作为治疗中、高度恶性NHL的首选方案之一，值得进一步研究。     

Malignant gliomas

Opinion statement Gliomas are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that comprise the majority of tumors originating in the central nervous system (CNS). In adults, the most frequently encountered of these are high-grade or malignant neoplasms of astrocytic and oligodendrocytic lineage, ie, anaplastic astrocytoma (AA), glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and anaplastic oligodendroglioma (AO), respectively. Tumors of mixed lineage are also seen, the most common of which is designated anaplastic oligoastrocytoma (AOA). Standard treatment for these tumors is typically surgery, followed by radiation then chemotherapy. Surgery is required for a definitive histopathologic diagnosis, which in turn will dictate subsequent therapy options. Moreover, aggressive tumor resection improves survival outcomes, and in many cases, the patient's neurologic function. We generally advocate the safest, maximal resection attainable for patients with these tumors as a way to improve prognosis. In almost all cases, surgery is followed by radiation therapy. Postsurgical irradiation is the most effective treatment currently available for improving survival. There is also mounting evidence to suggest that additional radiation, given in the form of brachytherapy or radiosurgery, at initial diagnosis as a “boost” to standard radiation or at tumor recurrence, may provide added improvement in survival outcome. Radiosurgery and brachytherapy are therapies often used to treat eligible patients at this institution. Adjuvant chemotherapy, conventionally given after radiation, may offer a modest survival benefit in some patients with GBM. Bischloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU) is the typical first-line agent used, but chemotherapy seems to be most beneficial in young patients, with little if any impact on survival for patients over 60 years old. At this institution, we often defer treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with GBM due to lack of efficacy and the attendant risk with chemotherapy. For anaplastic astrocytomas, oligodendrogliomas, and oligoastrocytomas, a commonly accepted standard is adjuvant chemotherapy following irradiation with the three-drug regimen—procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV). This is due to an earlier clinical trial that showed a survival advantage in patients treated with adjuvant PCV compared with patients that received BCNU. However, recent data suggest that treatment with either PCV or BCNU may be appropriate. Both regimens now appear to have equal efficacy for anaplastic gliomas in light of a more recent analysis done with larger numbers of patients. AOs are a unique case with respect to tumor chemosensitivity and patient survival. Molecular studies have identified a subpopulation of patients with AO whose tumors have lost chromosomes 1p and 19q. Patients with this molecular pattern have an exceptional responsiveness to PCV chemotherapy and have prolonged survival. Currently, trials are being conducted to confirm this finding and to determine the best treatment regimen for these patients, with particular regard to the timing of radiation and chemotherapy.     

Malignant pheochromocytoma

Malignant pheochromocytoma is a rare disease with a high mortality. Surgical resection is the only effective treatment if extensive metastatic disease is not present. However, differentiating between benign and malignant pheochromocytoma is impossible in the absence of locoregional invasion or distant metastasis. This diagnostic dilemma has several drawbacks, including later detection and treatment of recurrence than if malignancy is determined at the original operation. With emerging molecular markers of malignant disease, optimal extent and approach for surgical treatment and appropriate extent of follow up could be established based on specific tumor behavior and the need for additional systemic therapy.     

Malignant lymphoma

Based on the systematic improvements in treatment over recent decades, more than 70% of children and adolescents with non-Hodgkin lymphoma will survive at least 5 years with standard chemotherapy. This report highlights several advances in treatment for each histologic subtype of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma, focusing on published results of clinical trials from European and North American study groups.     

Malignant histiocytosis

The clinical features, therapy, and hospital course of ten consecutive patients with malignant histiocytosis (MH) are presented. The value of bone marrow aspiration for the diagnosis is discussed. The patient's performance status as described in this report by the organ dysfunction score may predict survival and response to chemotherapy. The literature on chemotherapy in this disease is reviewed. Combination chemotherapy may be the best approach to treatment, but there is little experience with single agents. There is a great need for better characterization of the malignant cell in this disorder.