1963份脐血造血干细胞的处理与保存

本研究目的是建立脐血造血干细胞库的标准工作程序。采用自然沉降法加离心法制备脐血的造血干细胞 ,经CD34 细胞计数、集落培养、微生物检测、传染病指标检测、HLA分型后 ,将造血干细胞贮存在液氮中保存。结果表明 :贮存脐带血造血干细胞有核细胞数平均值为 (10 .94± 2 .74 )× 10 8,回收率为 (79.82± 17.76 ) % ,CD34 细胞数平均值为 (5 1.6 2± 30 .5 3)× 10 5。 8份脐带血造血干细胞冰冻 2年后复苏 ,其有核细胞、CD34 细胞、CFU GM回收率分别为 (91.4± 6 .0 ) %、(84 .6± 2 0 .0 ) %、(85 .8± 14 .9) %。结论 :本方法和程序能有效地保存脐带血造血干细胞。     

Storage characteristics of cord blood progenitor cells: report of a multicenter study by the cellular therapies team of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative

BACKGROUND: Most hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) products are infused or processed shortly after collection, but in some cases this may be delayed for up to 48 hours. A number of variables such as temperature and cell concentration are of critical importance for the integrity of HPCs during this time. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated critical variables using cord blood HPC units that were divided equally and stored at 4°C versus room temperature (RT) for up to 96 hours. Total nucleated cell (TNC) and mononuclear cell (MNC) counts, viable CD34+ cell counts, and CD45+ cell viability as well as colony‐forming unit–granulocyte‐macrophage (CFU‐GM) present over time at each temperature were determined. RESULTS: Overall, the data indicate that with the exception of viable CD34+ cells, there was a significant decrease in each variable measured for 72 to 96 hours and, with the exception of viable CD34+ cells and CFU‐GM, the reductions were significantly greater in RT units than 4°C units. There was an increase in viable CD34+ count for units where TNC count was greater than 8.5 × 10⁹/L, compared with units where TNC count was less than 8.5 × 10⁹/L, that was different for each storage temperature. CONCLUSIONS: Cord blood HPC collections maintained at 4°C retained higher TNC counts, MNC counts, and CD45+ cell viability over a 72‐ to 96‐hour storage period.     

Consistency of the initial cell acquisition procedure is critical to the standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry: results of a pairwise analysis of umbilical cord blood units and cryopreserved aliquots

BACKGROUND: The CD34+ cell content is a predictive factor for engraftment and survival after umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation. The high variability in the CD34 assay results in different recommended cell doses for infusion across transplant centers and also limits the clinical utility of the CD34+ cell counts provided by cord blood banks (CBBs). This bi-institutional study was intended to understand the sources of this variability.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The level of CD34 agreement between the University of Minnesota (UM) and the Madrid CBB (MCBB) was evaluated on 50 UCB units before and after cryopreservation. Two cryopreserved vials per unit were thawed and processed at both laboratories. Dual-platform ISHAGE-based flow cytometry was used for CD34 enumeration.
RESULTS: Postthaw nucleated cell recoveries were similar. However, whereas CD34+ cell enumeration before freezing was 0.35 ± 0.22 percent, the results after thawing were 0.98 ± 0.65 and 0.57 ± 0.39 percent at UM and MCBB, respectively. Bland-Altman plots analysis ruled out the interchangeability of MCBB and UM CD34 values. Differences in the initial cell acquisition settings accounted for most of the CD34 discrepancy, which was no longer present after normalization of the forward scatter threshold for cell acquisition.
CONCLUSIONS: The standardization of CD34+ cell enumeration by flow cytometry is strongly reliant on a consistent initial cell acquisition procedure. The interlaboratory variation can be minimized by using frozen cell aliquots as reference samples. Both requisites should be considered for CD34 testing and UCB unit selection by regulatory institutions involved with cord blood banking and transplantation.     

Viable CD34+ stem cell content of a cord blood graft: which measurement performed before transplantation is most representative?

BACKGROUND: Patient survival in allogeneic cord blood transplantation is critically dependent on total nucleated cell (TNC) count or total CD34+ cell count per kg of body weight. Theoretically, viable CD34+ cell measurement at the time of infusion should give a better indication of the suitability of a certain transplant. The relation between measurements on different samples and viable CD34+ cell count on the graft itself was analyzed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Viable CD34+ cells were measured with a no-wash, single-platform technique with 7-aminoactinomycin D. Analysis was performed before freezing on the cord blood, after freezing and thawing on the cord blood unit itself, and on various samples. RESULTS: Cord blood volume correlated poorly with viable CD34+ cell content (r=0.24) as did initial TNC count and WBC count (r=0.57 and r=0.48, respectively). In contrast, viable CD34 cell content determined before freezing correlated well with viable CD34 cell content of the graft (r=0.91) but was on average 25 percent higher than after freezing and thawing. The best correlations with the CD34+ cell content of the cord blood unit were obtained with CD34 cell measurements on a separate cryovial (r=0.95). These CD34 cell measurements on frozen samples were found to be very reproducible (r=0.96). CONCLUSION: Viable CD34 cell count of the graft is both accurate and precise when measured on a separate sample frozen together with the cord blood unit. This measurement can be performed by the transplant center to exclude between-laboratory variability.     

Evaluation of an automated cell processing device to reduce the dimethyl sulfoxide from hematopoietic grafts after thawing

BACKGROUND: The direct transfusion of thawed hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) is associated to transfusion-related side effects that are thought to be dose-dependent on the infused dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Both the effectiveness of a fully automated cell processing device to washing out DMSO and the effects of DMSO elimination over the recovered cells were evaluated. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty cryopre-served peripheral blood HPC bags (HPC apheresis [HPC-A]) were thawed and processed for washing with an automated cell-processing device. Viability, colony-forming units (CFUs), and absolute count of recovered cells were evaluated by flow cytometry immediately after washing as well as at different times after washing and compared with a sample taken just after thawing (control) but maintained at 4 degrees C. DMSO content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and the osmolarity with an osmometer. RESULTS: The median recovery of viable total nucleated cells, viable CD34+ cells, and CFU colonies was 89 (range, 74-115), 103 (range, 62-126), and 91 percent (range, 46%-196%), respectively, in the washing group. Recovery of viable CD3+ cells was 97 percent (range, 42%-131%) and CD14+ cells was 82 percent (54%-119%). The percentages of DMSO elimination and osmolarity reduction were 98 (range, 96-99) and 90 percent (range 86%-95%), respectively. Moreover, elimination of the cryoprotectant improved CFU count, viability, and cell recoveries along the time when compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Washing out DMSO in thawed HPC-A by use of this approach is safe and efficient in terms of recovery and viability of nucleated and progenitor cells. Additionally, the removal degree of DMSO is very high and therefore might ameliorate the transfusion-related side effects.     

气相液氮罐内温度差异对脐带血造血干细胞保存质量的影响

目的 研究气相液氮罐内因位置不同而导致的温度差异对脐带血造血干细胞保存质量的影响.方法 选取位于液氮中的脐血干细胞20份作为对照组A组,保存在气相液氮罐内最低温度保存处的20份样本为实验B组,最高温度保存处的20组样品为实验C组.各组细胞解冻复苏后进行有核细胞计数、有核细胞活性、CD34+％、CFU-GM等检测,进行单...     

脐血造血干/祖细胞免疫表型的流式细胞术双标法分析及其意义

目的比较脐血和骨髓中造血干/祖细胞(HSPC)的免疫表型差异.方法使用流式细胞术(FCM)双标法对38份脐血及10份骨髓HSPC进行免疫表型分析.结果①脐血有核细胞中CD34+细胞所占比例与骨髓中相近,约为0.5%;②脐血CD34+细胞中CD34+CD38-[(17.C4±5.37)%]、CD34+HLA-DR-[(32.65±10.71)%]及CD34+H-CAM+(CD44+)[(77.84±7.69)%]亚群含量均高于骨髓[含量分别为(8.26±3.19)%、(14.05±1.67)%和(70.02±6.40)%],CD34+CD13+、CD34+CD19+亚群比例低于骨髓.结论脐血与骨髓CD34+细胞比例相近,但前者较原始的干细胞含量更高,故脐血是极具潜力的HSPC来源;而脐血CD34+细胞中髓系及淋系祖细胞含量低于骨髓,可能是脐血移植后造血及免疫重建缓慢的原因之一.     

胎盘组织及血液中含有丰富的造血干/祖细胞

大量的临床移植表明人脐血 (UCB)可以在造血干细胞移植的儿童中得到造血重建 ,可是在成人中脐血移植 (UCBT)效果并不理想 ,这主要是脐血中所含的细胞数及造血干 /祖细胞数有限 ,而不适宜体重较大的成人。本研究在收集脐血的同时 ,也分别收集胎盘血 (UPB)及胎盘组织 (UPT)中的细胞 ,检测有核细胞数 ,CD34(造血干 /祖细胞的表明标记 )阳性细胞 ,粒单细胞集落 (CFU GM)。结果发现 :来自于胎盘血和胎盘组织中的有核细胞数是脐血细胞的 3- 4倍 ;脐血、胎盘血及胎盘组织细胞的有核细胞数分别为 (8.3± 1.0 4 )× 10 8,(16 .33± 5 .5 4 )× 10 8和(8.0 1± 2 .6 4 )× 10 8;CD34+ 细胞分别为 (0 .77± 0 .0 1)× 10 6,(1.2 5± 0 .5 5 )× 10 6和 (4.2 1± 1.90 )× 10 6;在细胞的长期培养中 ,UPB细胞和UPT细胞能生存更长时间 ,而且这些细胞更易贴壁形成纤维样的细胞 ;冰冻前后UPT细胞活性及回收率无明显差异 ,表明胎盘细胞和脐血细胞一样适合于长期储存 ;而且 ,在UPB和UPT中含有更高比例的T淋巴细胞抑制细胞群 ,可能意味着UPB和UPT具有更强的免疫抑制功能。结论指出 ,有必要建立含有胎盘和脐血细胞的血库 ,以便为大剂量放疗及化疗后的儿童及成年病人进行造血干细胞移植 ,为重建造血创造条件     

Assessment of cell viability and apoptosis in human umbilical cord blood following storage

There is increasing use of human umbilical cord blood (UCB) stem cells for unrelated donor transplantation. Successful engraftment depends in large measure on the dose and quality of cells in the UCB unit. In the present study, we attempted to identify a simple and rapid technique for assessing the quality and recovery of UCB cells following laboratory manipulation. Mononuclear cells (MNC) from fresh (<48 h old) and thawed UCB units were stained with 7-amino-actinomycin D (7-AAD), revealing 2-3% dead cells. The frequencies of apoptotic cells in fresh and thawed sample were similar. However, UCB held for 72 h showed higher levels of cell deterioration. Interestingly, staining with 7-AAD was more sensitive to cellular damage than was uptake of Trypan Blue. 7-AAD staining of MNC also correlated with retention of hematopoietic function (progenitor assays) such that 7-AAD staining frequencies <20% predicted maintenance of hematopoietic cells. Importantly, hematopoietic precursors were less susceptible to storage injury than were UCB MNC as a whole. MNC showed higher levels of 7-AAD staining and apoptosis than did CD34(+) cells. This observation was confirmed in studies of caspase-3 activation, where MNC consistently showed higher frequencies of activation than did CD34(+) cells, especially after overnight storage. Furthermore, antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-x were expressed more consistently in CD34(+) cells than in total MNC. In contrast, Bax levels increased with MNC apoptosis. In conclusion, the data suggest that 7-AAD staining of UCB MNC provides a rapid and simple technique for assessing the viability, recovery, and hematopoietic functionality of stored UCB.     

p27基因下调对人骨髓和脐血造血祖细胞体外活性的影响

目的比较干扰p27基因表达对骨髓和脐血来源造血祖细胞增殖和造血潜能的影响,并探讨其相关机制。方法以含p27全长反义cDNA逆转录病毒感染经流式细胞仪分选的人骨髓与磁珠分离获得的人脐血来源的CD34+细胞,在含混合生长因子条件下体外培养不同时间,分别观察细胞生长曲线,检测细胞周期,确定细胞增殖能力;半固体培养计数集落形成,确定其造血能力;Westernblot检测p27与CDK2蛋白表达,明确基因转染效果并探讨p27反义cDNA促进细胞扩增的作用途径。以含p27全长正义cDNA和仅含绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)基因的病毒感染细胞为对照。结果与GFP和p27正义cDNA比较,p27反义cDNA对脐血造血祖细胞生长有明显促进作用(P<0.01),至培养第9天p27反义cDNA、p27正义cDNA和GFP组细胞数分别增加了(197.3±47.7)倍、(12.7±8.1)倍和(41.8±30.6)倍;骨髓造血祖细胞数增加不明显,至培养第9天3组细胞数分别增加了(36.0±22.3)倍、(8.7±6.8)倍和(14.1±10.4)倍。p27反义cDNA主要促进脐血和骨髓造血祖细胞S期增加,p27反义cDNA、p27正义cDNA和GFP组脐血造血祖细胞S期细胞百分比为(17.0±4.8)%,(2.0±0.8)%和(4.1±1.8)%;骨髓造血祖细胞则为(8.4±4.4)%,(1.0±0.7)%和(3.8±1.4)%。p27反义cDNA对骨髓和脐血的集落形成能力促进作用高于GFP组(P<0.0     

人胎盘组织来源造血干/祖细胞及其特性

背景:近年来的研究表明,除已知的人骨髓、外周血和脐带血中存在造血干/祖细胞外,人胎盘组织中也有造血干/祖细胞存在.目前为止,还缺乏对人胎盘组织造血干/祖细胞的增殖分化特性及人胎盘组织淋巴细胞亚群组成和免疫原性等的深入研究.目的:探究人胎盘组织是否含有比脐带血更丰富的造血干/祖细胞,并对其造血祖细胞系增殖分化能力进行检测,同时对人胎盘组织淋巴细胞亚群组成及表型特征进行分析.设计、时间及地点:开放性实验,于2004-01/2006-12在贵州省细胞工程重点实验室完成.材料:经产妇知情同意,无菌采集遵义医学院附属医院产科健康足月分娩新生儿胎盘和脐带血共12份.淋巴细胞亚群检测试剂盒,CD34绝对计数试剂盒(Becton Dickinson公司):CD34磁珠分选试剂盒,FITC标记的CD38单克隆抗体,抗FITC磁珠和MS/LS免疫磁式细胞分选柱(Miltenyi Biotec).方法:脐带血与RPMI-1640培养基(含体积分数为0.1的胎牛血清)按1:1的比例混合,采用Ficoll-Histopaque分离液离心30min,吸取界面层细胞,PBS洗涤一次,获得脐带血单个核细胞.采用机械法加0.25g/L胶原酶消化制备胎盘组织单个细胞悬液,之后同脐带血单个核细胞分离步骤分离胎盘单个核细胞.流式细胞仪检测胎盘单个核细胞中CD34 CD38-, CD34 CD38 造血干/祖细胞(HSPCs)和淋巴细胞亚群的组成比例.免疫磁珠分选法分选人胎盘CD34 CD38-,CD34 D38 造血干/祖细胞,并分别进行粒细胞-单核细胞集落生成单位、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位、混合集落生成单位系集落形成培养,以评价其造血祖细胞系增殖分化能力.实验全程用脐带血作平行比较分析.主要观察指标:胎盘和脐带血CD34 造血干/祖细胞组成百分率、祖细胞系集落形成能力、淋巴细胞亚群表型及组成特点.结果:[1]胎盘CD34 造血干/祖细胞百分率是脐带血的8.8倍,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).[2]胎盘中的淋巴细胞总数、T细胞(CD3 CD2 )、B细胞(CD19 )、Th(CD3 CD4 )细胞及Th/Ts比值均明显低于脐带血,而CD8 CD28-T抑制细胞则明显高于脐带血,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01).[3]胎盘CD34 CD38 造血干/祖细胞亚群培养形成的粒细胞-单核细胞集落生成单位、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位、混合集落生成单位集落数明显高于CD34 CD38-造血干/祖细胞亚群(P<0.01);胎盘与脐带血造血干/祖细胞中相同表型细胞亚群形成的各系集落数比较,差异无显著性意义(P0.05).结论:人胎盘组织富含CD34 造血干/祖细胞,其CD34 CD38 、CD34 CD38-两个造血干/祖细胞亚群均具有增殖分化为粒细胞-单核细胞集落生成单位、红细胞爆裂型集落生成单位、混合集落生成单位的能力,并且人胎盘组织具有淋巴细胞亚群低比例和抑制性T细胞高比例的特点,使其有望成为造血干/祖细胞移植的新来源.     

人脐血及骨髓淋巴细胞免疫表型的比较及其意义

为比较脐血和骨髓淋巴细胞及祖细胞分化抗原，通过流式细胞术（FCM）双标法对38份脐血及10份骨髓免疫细胞表型进行了分析研究。研究发现：（1）脐血及骨髓淋巴细胞中均测到稚淋巴细胞（CD3^-CD4^ )，且前中含量较多，但脐血细胞毒T细胞含量（CTL，CD3^ CD16^ 56^ )低于骨髓；（2）脐血中NK细胞（CD3^-CD16^ 56^ )比例高于骨髓；（3）脐血有核细胞中CD34^ 细胞的比值接近于骨髓，但脐血CD34^ 细胞中髓系祖细胞（CD34^ CD13^ ,CD34^ HLA-DR^ )及淋巴系祖细胞（CD34^ CD19^ )含量均低于骨髓，结论：（1）脐血免疫细胞具有不成熟性，这估计是脐血移植后GVHD程度轻的主要原因；（2）脐血淋巴细胞中NK细胞含量较高，推测脐血移植后移植物抗白血病效应（GVL）并不会降低；（3）脐血CD34^ 细胞中髓系祖细胞及淋巴系祖细胞比例均低于骨髓，可能是脐血移植后造血及免疫重建速度较慢的原因之一。     

Competitive repopulation assay of two gene-marked cord blood units in NOD/SCID/gammac(null) mice.

In multiunit cord blood transplantation, hematopoietic stem cells from each unrelated cord blood (UCB) unit competitively reconstitute the hematopoietic system in a recipient. To evaluate the fate of the progeny of each UCB unit and to determine the effects of graft-versus-graft reaction, we established a novel competitive repopulation assay using NOD/SCID/gammac(null) mice in which human T lymphocytes develop from CD34+ cells. CD34+ cells from each UCB unit were labeled with recombinant lentivirus vectors carrying genes encoding either enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP). Hematopoietic chimerism composed of both EGFP+ and EYFP+ cells was stably maintained up to 6 months after transplantation with purified CD34+ cells; the ratio of EGFP+ to EYFP+ cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow posttransplantation was equivalent to the ratio of these cells at transplantation. However, when mononuclear cells from two UCB units were cotransplanted with CD34+ cells, engraftment was highly competitive, with cells from only one or the other of the two UCB units surviving. Further subfractionations of mononuclear cells indicate that the skewed chimerism that is often observed in clinical multiunit cord blood transplantation may be mediated by the cooperation of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. The assay established here will be a useful tool for analyzing hematopoietic reconstitution in clinical multiunit cord blood transplantation.     

骨髓基质细胞联合细胞因子对脐血单个核细胞表面抗原表达的影响

背景：课题组已建立胎儿骨髓基质细胞联合细胞因子的造血细胞体外培养体系,该培养体系能否有效扩增各个发育阶段的造血细胞有待验证。目的：观察骨髓基质细胞联合细胞因子培养体系对脐血单个核细胞表面抗原CD133、CD34表达的影响。方法：将从脐血标本中分离出来的单个核细胞接种于无血清培养体系,实验分为3组：①F组：干细胞因子＋Flt3配体＋促血小板生成素＋单个核细胞。②S组：基质细胞＋单个核细胞。③SF组：基质细胞＋干细胞因子＋Flt3配体＋促血小板生成素＋单个核细胞。在第0,6,10,14天检测有核细胞总数、CD133^＋、CD34^＋、CD133^＋CD34^＋细胞数以及集落形成单位数。结果与结论：SF组有核细胞总数在各个检测时间点均比其他两组高;除了第14天外,第6、10天两个时间点SF组中CD133^＋、CD34^＋、CD133^＋CD34^＋细胞及集落形成单位数均高于其他组;含骨髓基质细胞的S组和SF组中CD133＋细胞/有核细胞、CD34＋细胞/有核细胞、CD133＋CD34＋细胞/有核细胞的比例保持在较高的水平。结果说明骨髓基质细胞联合细胞因子能有效的扩增脐血单个核细胞及其中的CD133^＋、CD34^＋、CD133^＋CD34^＋细胞,基质细胞对维持造血干细胞的原始性具有重要的作用。     

人胎盘造血干/祖细胞及淋巴细胞亚群表型的研究

目的　探讨人胎盘组织中是否含有造血干 祖细胞 (HSPC) ,并分析其淋巴细胞亚群的表型特征。方法　将新鲜胎盘制成单个细胞悬液 ,用流式细胞仪分析其有核细胞中HSPC、淋巴细胞及其亚群的表型特征 ,并用流式细胞术 (FCM)或MiniMACS分选胎盘CD34 细胞。结果　胎盘CD34 细胞百分率是脐带血的 8.8倍 ,CD34 CD38- 细胞和CD34 CD38 细胞百分率分别为脐带血的 4 .6倍和 11.9倍 ;FCM分选胎盘CD34 细胞的回收率和纯度分别为 (6 3.0 5± 10 .14 ) %和 (86 .39± 11.2 7) % ;胎盘中的淋巴细胞总数、T细胞 (CD3 CD2 )、B细胞 (CD1 9 )、Th(CD3 CD4 )细胞及Th Ts比值均明显低于脐带血 ,而CD8 CD2 8- T抑制细胞则明显高于脐带血。结论　人胎盘富含HSPC ,在胎儿期具有重要的造血功能 ,可望成为HSPC移植的重要资源。CD8 CD2 8- T抑制细胞可能在胎 母免疫耐受中起重要作用。     

Ex vivo expansion of CD34+ umbilical cord blood cells in a defined serum-free medium (QBSF-60) with early effect cytokines

To investigate the clinically applicable conditions that support substantial expansion of both primitive and more mature hematopoietic cells of umbilical cord blood (UCB) for transplantation in adults, enriched CD34+ cells from 8 fresh UCB samples and 4 expanded UCB products were cultured in defined serum-free medium (QBSF-60) in the presence of a cytokine combination of SCF, Flt-3-ligand (FL), thrombopoietin (TPO), IL-3 for up to 2 weeks. Fresh medium with cytokines was supplemented or exchanged at day 4, day 7, and day 10. The proliferative response was assessed at day 7, day 10, and day 14 by evaluating the following parameters: nucleated cell (NC), clonogenic progenitors (colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM], burst-forming unit-erythrocyte [BFU-E], CFU-GEMM, and high-proliferative potential colony-forming cell [HPP-CFC]), immunophenotypes (CD34+ cells and CD34+ subpopulations), and LTCIC. Simultaneously numerical expansion of various stem/progenitor cells, including primitive CD34+CD38-HLA-DR- subpopulation and LTCIC, CD34+ cells, and clonogenic progenitors to mature nucleated cells, were continuously observed during the culture. An average 103.32 +/- 71.37 x 10(6) CD34+ cells (range 10.12 x 10(6)-317.9 x 10(6)) could be obtained from initial 1.72 +/- 1.13 x 10(6) UCB CD34+ cells after 10-14 days cultured under the described conditions. Sufficient CD34+ cells (>50.0 x 10(6)) for transplantation in adults would be available in all but one UCB collections after 10-14 days expansion. The expanded CD34+ cells sustained most of the in vitro characteristics of initial unmanipulated CD34+ cells, including clonogenic efficiency (of both primitive and committed progenitors), the proportion of CD34+CD38-HLA-DR- subpopulation, and the expansion potential. Initial addition of IL-3 to the cocktail of SCF + FL + TPO had positive effects on the expansion of both primitive and, especially, the more mature hematopoietic cells. It accelerated the expansion speed and shortened the optimal culture time from 14 days to 10 days. These results indicated that our proposed short-term culture system, consisting of QBSF-60 serum-free medium with a simple early acting cytokine combination of SCF + FL + TPO, could substantially support simultaneous expansion of various stem/progenitor cell populations involved in the different phases of engraftment. It would be a clinically applicable protocol for ex vivo expansion of CD34+ UCB cells.     

Cell loss and recovery in umbilical cord blood processing: a comparison of postthaw and postwash samples

BACKGROUND: Engraftment after umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation is highly dependent on nucleated cell (NC) and CD34+ cell content. Current standard postthaw (PT) processing includes a wash step to remove dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), lysed red cells, and stroma. The contribution of the wash step to cell loss and ultimately the dose of cells available for transplant have yet to be systematically reported. This study examines the effect of the wash step as well as that of PT storage on various quality control variables of UCB units. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Ten units were thawed and washed based on the New York Blood Center method. Samples were removed from each unit at six time points: prefreeze (PF), immediately PT, immediately postwash (PW), and 1, 2, and 5 hours PW. On each sample, total nucleated cell (TNC) count, CD34+ cell enumeration, colony-forming unit (CFU)-granulocyte-macrophage, and viability assays (fluorescence microscopy [acridine orange/propidium iodide, or AO/PI] and flow cytometry [7-aminoactinomycin]) were obtained. RESULTS: TNC counts decreased PT and at subsequent time points; the PT TNC recovery was 89 percent compared to 82 percent PW (p < 0.01). TNC recovery decreased to 90 percent of PW (82% of PT) values (p < 0.01) and 83 percent of PW (76% of PT) values (p < 0.001), at 2 and 5 hours PW, respectively. CD34+ cell loss PT was not significant. Viability by AO/PI decreased PT and plateaued over time. In contrast, viability by flow cytometry remained higher and increased slightly over time. CFUs were significantly lower PT, recovering PW. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that the thawing and washing results in a substantial loss of cells, with TNC loss approaching 20 percent when compared with PF counts; the wash step was responsible for nearly half of the cell loss. The reduced PT viability was expected. Elapse of time PW resulted in further loss of NCs but no detectable significant changes in CD34+ cell content and viability and/or CFU.     

Cesarean section due to fetal distress increases the number of stem cells in umbilical cord blood

BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) can be used as hematopoietic stem cell source for transplantation. The success of a transplantation is highly correlated with the number of total nucleated cells (TNCs) and CD34+ cells in the UCB. Certain obstetric factors increase the yield of stem cells in the UCB. It is necessary to evaluate optimal conditions in labor to decrease the rate of sample rejection due to low cell count. No data exist regarding the difference between primary and secondary Cesarean sections in terms of efficacy of stem cell harvesting. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Seventy-nine consecutive UCB units from women who had a Cesarean section between 1997 and 2003 were included. The number of TNCs, CD34+ cells, colony-forming units (CFUs), white blood cells (WBCs), nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs), and the total collection volume were compared between cases with primary and secondary Cesarean section. RESULTS: UCB obtained after a Cesarean section due to fetal distress has significantly higher numbers of TNCs, CD34+ cells, NRBCs, and WBCs compared to elective Cesarean section. Of the cases with secondary Cesarean section due to fetal distress, 67 percent resulted in UCB units with sufficient TNC numbers (> or =80 x 10(7) TNCs) compared to 42 percent of the cases with primary Cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Fetal distress increases the number of hematopoietic stem cells mobilized into UCB. Particular effort should be made to collect UCB from newborns who experienced fetal distress.     

不同来源的造血干/祖细胞表面归巢相关分子表达谱的比较研究

目的　比较不同来源的造血干 /祖细胞表面归巢相关分子 (HRM)表达谱的差异性。方法　采用高度灵敏的四色流式细胞术检测脐血 (UCB)、动员后的外周血 (mPB)及骨髓 (BM)来源的造血干 /祖细胞表面系列HRM表达水平。结果　UCB、mPB及BM来源的CD34bright细胞均高度表达黏附分子CD4 4、CD11a、CD18、CD6 2L、CD31及CD4 9d ;但UCB来源的CD34bright细胞及CD34brightCD38-细胞黏附分子CD4 9e、CD4 9f、CD5 4及趋化因子受体CXCR 4的表达水平显著低于mPB及BM来源者 ;上述不同来源的造血干 /祖细胞均不表达其他趋化因子受体 ,包括CCR 1、CCR 2、CCR 3、CCR 5、CXCR 1、CX CR 2、CXCR 3及CXCR 5 ;更为有意义的是 ,只有mPB来源的CD34bright细胞表达基质金属蛋白酶MMP 2及MMP 9。CD34brightMMP 2 及CD34brightMMP 9 细胞百分率分别为 (11.4± 4 .9) %及 (2 7.6± 7.8) %。结论　UCB来源的造血干 /祖细胞低表达或不表达某些HRM ,这可能是UCB移植后造血重建延迟的原因之一。     

深低温冻存不同时间对脐血细胞质量的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同冻存时间的脐血干细胞复苏后的回收率,并分析冷冻复苏的细胞对患者植入速度的影响。20份经-196℃液氮低温保存1-10年的脐血干细胞标本,比较冻存前（脐血库提供资料）和复苏后的细胞活率、总有核细胞数（TNC）、CD34＋细胞和粒-巨噬细胞集落形成单位（CFU-GM）的数量,并分析复苏后的细胞回收对移植受者植入速度的影响。结果表明,不同冻存时间对复苏后干细胞的回收率没有影响。经冻存复苏后,细胞活存率为（92．75±2．55）％,TNC、CD34＋细胞数和CFU-GM的回收率分别为89．9％、84．8％和84．3％,与冻存前相比明显减少（P=0．000）,但细胞数量的下降对移植患者中性粒细胞和血小板的植入时间均无影响。冻存后TNC和CD34＋细胞数量与冻存前数量有很大的相关性（r=0．954;r=0．931,P=0．000）,而CFU-GM的相关性弱（r=0．285,P=0．223）。结论：冻存和复温过程会-定程度上损伤脐血干细胞,导致细胞丢失,但不会影响移植的效果。