ACE-star模式实施功能康复对乳腺癌改良根治术后患者恢复的影响

 目的 探讨ACE-star模式实施功能康复对乳腺癌改良根治术后患者恢复的影响。方法 选择2017年1－12月在北京协和医院行乳腺癌改良根治术治疗的乳腺癌患者。采用方便抽样选择1－6月份行乳癌改良根治术的92例为对照组,7－12月份行乳癌改良根治术的92例为试验组。相同的乳腺癌改良根治手术后,对照组患者仅接受常规护理,试验组接受常规护理+ACE-star模型循证护理干预。对比两组患者术后并发症发生情况,统计患者对护理的满意度,评价手术前后患者心理状态。结果 试验组患者术后皮下积液、淋巴水肿发生率低于对照组(2.2% vs 16.3%,1.1% vs 13.0%),差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。试验组患者对护理工作的满意度高于对照组(97.83% vs 82.61%, P<0.05)。试验组患者在躯体化、敌对性和恐怖方面的得分均低于对照组[(2.2±0.3) vs. (1.5±0.5);(2.3±0.5) vs. (1.7±0.6);(1.9±0.7) vs. (1.2±0.5), P<0.05)]。结论 ACE-star模式护理干预可降低乳腺癌患者术后并发症的发生率,提高患者满意度和生存质量,值得临床推广。     

乳腺癌改良根治术后自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后X线表现

目的：探讨乳腺癌改良根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后X线表现。方法：46例行乳腺癌改良根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术的患者,术后使用GE Senographe DS全数字化乳腺摄影机进行检查。结果：46例中于重建术后第一年内进行X线检查者12例,主要表现为背阔肌影约占乳房一半者9例,小于一半者2例,大于一半者仅1例;重建术后第二年内进行X线检查者21例,表现为背阔肌影约占乳房一半者有2例,小于一半者18例,大于一半者1例;重建术后第三年内进行X线检查者13例,均表现为背阔肌影明显小于乳房的一半。乳房重建术后其它表现：出现钙化影3例,小结节影2例。结论：乳腺癌根治术及自体背阔肌皮瓣乳房重建术后,随着时间延长而表现为背阔肌逐渐萎缩、局部脂肪逐渐增多。     

Mammographic and CT findings after breast reconstruction with a rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap.

This essay illustrates the radiologic appearance of the reconstructed breast and the abdominal wall after breast reconstruction with a transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM) flap. The findings are based on a retrospective study of 42 mammograms, 17 abdominal CT scans, and two CT scans each of the chest and pelvis of patients who underwent this procedure.     

高负压引流系统在乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用

 目的 探索高负压引流系统在乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用。方法 选择2013-01至2015-12行乳腺癌改良根治术的64例(女性),随机分为观察组和对照组,每组32例。观察组应用伤口高负压引流系统及附件引流,外用康复新液换药;对照组将2条多侧孔橡胶引流管置于肋弓及腋窝处接普通负压吸引罐引流,常规换药。观察两组的切口引流情况、并发症情况、切口愈合情况及相关费用。结果 观察组24 h内平均引流量为(111.09±16.78)ml,多于对照组的(103.13±9.16)ml;观察组的总引流量为(215.78±44.55)ml,少于对照组的(236.72±35.61)ml,观察组与对照组引流情况相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后并发症少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组皮瓣坏死程度差异无统计学意义(Z＝-0.062,P＝0.951);观察组拆线时间、换药次数、切口愈合等级与对照组相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 采用康复新液配合高负压引流系统在乳腺癌改良根治术中的应用效果较好,并发症明显减少,病程缩短,未明显增加费用,是一种有效的乳腺癌术后引流方法。     

Breast-conserving surgery and autogenous tissue reconstruction in patients with breast cancer: efficacy of MRI of the breast in the detection of recurrent disease

The objective of the present study was the evaluation of MRI of the breast in the follow-up of patients who had undergone autogenous tissue breast reconstruction using either a latissimus-dorsi muscle flap or a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap as correlated with patients' clinical, conventional mammographic and sonographic findings. Included in the study were 41 patients. The MRI consisted of T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequences and dynamic measurements pre- and postcontrast using T1-weighted gradient-echo (GE) sequence. The following factors were evaluated: recognition of the flap; evidence of edema; skin thickening; and focally increased contrast medium uptake. Contrast medium dynamics were documented in instances of increased focal uptake. Flaps could be distinguished from surrounding residual breast tissue in all cases. Edema and skin thickening in the residual mammary tissue and flap implant were observed in 72.7% of patients undergoing radiation, but in only 15.8% of those not undergoing radiotherapy. The MRI excluded disease recurrence in 4 patients with suspicious mammographic and/or sonographic findings. One instance of multifocal disease recurrence identified at MRI evaded detection with all other imaging techniques used. The MRI returned false-positive findings in three cases. Because of their configuration and contrast medium uptake dynamics and their location immediately adjacent to the contact zone between the flap implant and residual mammary tissue, these findings were impossible to differentiate from a recurrent carcinoma. The MRI of the breast is generally suitable for follow-up examination of autogenous tissue reconstructions. Problems may be encountered in the evaluation of the contact zone between local adipose tissue and the flap leading to false-positive results. Electronic Publication     

Triple negative breast cancer: MRI features in comparison to other breast cancer subtypes with correlation to prognostic pathologic factors

Objective

This study aimed at determination of the MRI predictors of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) in comparison to other breast cancer subtypes.

Materials and methods

The study retrospectively enrolled 185 female patients with 206 pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancers with different subtypes by immunohistochemistry. Histopathological analysis as well as MRI features of TNBC was compared to those of other breast cancer subtypes. MRI features included the tumor size, shape, margin, internal enhancement, intratumoral signal intensity on T2-WI, detectability by DW-MRI and ADC values.

Results

TNBCs showed higher histological grades (p < 0.0001) and younger patient age group (p = 0.006) compared to other tumor subtypes. At MRI, TNBCs were of larger size (p < 0.0001), round shape (p < 0.0001), smooth margin (p < 0.0001), with rim enhancement (p < 0.0001) and higher incidence of T2-WI tumoral hyperintensity (p = 0.0002) and intratumoral necrosis (p < 0.0001). No significant difference in tumor detectability was found by DW-MRI, however, TNBCs had higher ADC values (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

In our study, TNBC patients were of younger age with higher grade malignancy. TNBC MRI predictors were unifocal rim enhancing mass with round shape, smooth margin, higher signal intensity on T2-WI, in addition to relatively larger sizes of tumors associated with high incidence of intratumoral necrosis and higher ADC values.     

改良头颈肩热塑体膜固定下乳腺癌改良根治术后调强放疗中的摆位误差分析

目的 应用锥形束CT分析改良头颈肩热塑体膜和乳腺托架在乳腺癌改良根治术后调强放疗中的摆位精度差异。方法 回顾性分析天津医科大学肿瘤医院2015年8月至2018年12月68例接受调强放疗（IMRT）的乳腺癌改良根治术后患者资料。根据体位固定方式的不同,将患者分为改良头颈肩热塑体膜组（体膜组,42例）和乳腺托架组（托架组,26例）。在患者的第1、6、11、16、21次治疗摆位后行锥形束CT（CBCT）扫描,获得两组患者在左右（RL）、腹背（AP）、头脚（SI）方向的摆位误差,同时记录放疗摆位的时间。比较两组的摆位误差、分布比例、摆位时间,计算出各自的M_PTV外放值,并分析多种因素对体膜组患者摆位误差的影响。结果 42例体膜组扫描210次,26例托架组扫描130次。体膜组和托架组在RL、AP、SI方向的摆位误差分别为（2.12±2.01）和（2.38±1.92）mm、（3.29±2.46）和（3.88±2.76）mm、（3.47±2.29）和（4.11±3.15）mm,其中两组在AP和SI方向的摆位误差比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=-2.05、-2.16,P<0.05）;SI方向体膜组摆位误差≤ 3 mm的次数占总扫描次数的比例较高,优于托架组差异有统计学意义（χ²=4.97,P<0.05）;当AP和SI方向体膜组摆位误差>5 mm的次数占总扫描次数的比例较低,优于托架组差异有统计学意义（χ²=5.21、9.29,P<0.05）。体膜组的摆位时间较短,优于托架组差异有统计学意义（t=-2.16,P<0.05）。RL、AP、SI方向体膜组计算的M_PTV值均小于托架组。改良头颈肩热塑体膜体位固定方式对高龄（≥ 60岁）、体质量指数（BMI）≥ 24 kg/m²和对放疗过程相对不熟悉（治疗时间≤ 2周）的患者会造成AP和（或）SI方向的摆位误差偏大。其中,SI方向<60岁的患者摆位误差较小,优于高龄患者（≥ 60岁）差异有统计学意义（t=-2.43,P<0.05）;AP和SI方向BMI<24 kg/m²的患者摆位误差较小,优于BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²的患者,差异有统计学意义（t=-2.21、-2.04,P<0.05）;AP方向治疗时间>2周的患者摆位误差较小,优于对放疗过程相对不熟悉的患者（治疗时间≤ 2周）差异有统计学意义（t=2.23,P<0.05）。结论 在乳腺癌改良根治术后IMRT放疗时应用改良头颈肩热塑体膜可以降低腹背和头脚方向的摆位误差,同时缩短摆位时间。对于≥ 60岁、BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²和对放疗过程相对不熟悉（治疗时间≤ 2周）的患者,要关注腹背和头脚方向的摆位,以保证放疗的效果。     

左侧乳腺癌根治术后调强放疗中剂量累加的研究

目的 通过形变配准及刚性配准进行左侧乳腺癌放疗中靶区及危及器官剂量累加的研究,探讨二者受量的变化规律。方法 回顾分析16例女性左侧乳腺癌根治术后患者,靶区包括锁上淋巴结引流区加胸壁,均采用6 MV X射线调强放疗（IMRT）。所有患者均接受定位、二程CT扫描,在定位图像（CT1）上制定放疗计划为Plan1,在二程定位图像（CT2）上制定放疗计划为Plan2。利用Velocity软件将Plan2的剂量进行刚性、形变配准到CT1剂量累加后获得Plan-rigid、Plan-deform。比较4个计划中靶区及危及器官的剂量学差异。结果 CT2比CT1的CTV体积平均缩小6.64%;形变后靶区剂量均匀性指数（HI）提高23.05%,而形变后心脏、左、右肺戴斯相似系数（DSC）均低于形变前（0.94±0.01 vs.0.89±0.05、0.96±0.01 vs.0.91±0.03、0.96±0.01 vs.0.92±0.03）,且差异均有统计学意义（Z=-3.208、-3.533、-3.535,P<0.05）;心脏及左肺各剂量-体积指标在Plan2、Plan-rigid、Plan-deform与Plan1的组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在Plan-rigid组各剂量-体积指标均高于Plan-deform组。结论 靶区及危及器官体积、剂量-体积指标变化较小的左乳癌根治术后患者在进行放疗剂量累加时,推荐使用刚性配准,且初次调强计划的剂量-体积指标可基本反映双肺及心脏的受量情况。     

Inter- and intraobserver variability in the evaluation of dynamic breast cancer MRI

Purpose

To quantify variations within and between observers ascribable to manual region of interest (ROI) placement in patients with breast cancer undergoing dynamic MRI.

Materials and Methods

Expert and nonexpert observers independently outlined tumor ROIs on 30 dynamic T₁‐weighted (T₁W) MRI scans on five occasions over two months. Lesion size (number of pixels) and kinetic parameter estimates, including the transfer constant (K^trans), were calculated for each ROI placement. Inter‐ and intraobserver variability was assessed with respect to the interval between drawings, lesion morphology, and observer experience.

Results

For the nonexpert, the variability reduced with decreasing time intervals between ROI drawings (the coefficient of variance (wCV) values at two months, two weeks, one day, and same‐day time intervals were respectively 11.6%, 10.7%, 4.8%, and 2.6% for lesion size, and 8.9%, 9.7%, 6.7%, and 3.2% for K^trans). For the expert observer, the variability was smaller overall and more constant, but improved for same‐day ROI placements (region size wCV: 7.5%, 6.2%, 7.1%, and 3.7%; K^trans wCV: 5.4%, 5.3%, 5.6%, and 4.5%).

Conclusion

Significant observer variability in manual ROI placement occurs in dynamic MRI of breast cancer. For serial patient studies, ROI placements should be outlined at the same sitting to minimize observer error. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

     

Repeated surgeries in invasive lobular breast cancer with preoperative MRI: Role of additional carcinoma in situ and background parenchymal enhancement

ObjectivesAnalysing the influence of additional carcinoma in situ (CIS) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) in preoperative MRI on repeated surgeries in patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 106 patients (mean age 58.6 ± 9.9 years) with 108 ILC. Preoperative tumour size as assessed by MRI, mammography and sonography was recorded and compared to histopathology. In contrast-enhanced MRI, the degree of BPE was categorised by two readers. The influence of additionally detected CIS and BPE on the rate of repeated surgeries was analysed.ResultsAdditional CIS was present in 45.4% of the cases (49/108). The degree of BPE was minimal or mild in 80% of the cases and moderate or marked in 20% of the cases. In 17 cases (15.7%) at least one repeated surgery was performed. In n = 15 of these cases, repeated surgery was performed after BCT (n = 9 re-excisions, n = 6 conversions to mastectomy), in n = 2 cases after initial mastectomy. The initial surgical procedure (p = 0.008) and additional CIS (p = 0.046) significantly influenced the rate of repeated surgeries, while tumour size, patient age and BPE did not (p = ns).ConclusionsAdditional CIS was associated with a higher rate of repeated surgeries, whereas BPE had no influence.     

Magnetic resonance imaging for axillary staging in patients with breast cancer

Purpose

To determine the utility of MRI for assessing axillary lymph node status in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods

A consecutive series of patients who underwent breast MR before surgical management of breast cancer with axillary sampling between 2005 and 2007 were identified. MRs were evaluated for the number of nodes, contrast kinetics, nodal area, and number of nodes with no fatty hilum. Data were analyzed in the context of final breast pathology, sentinel lymph node status, and axillary nodal status. Correlations were analyzed using Kendall's τ‐b test. Reported P values are one‐sided.

Results

Fifty‐six females (median = 58 years) were studied. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) were positive in 15/56 patients (27%). All SLN + patients (n = 15) had completion axillary dissection. Extent of nodal disease was 1 (n = 3), 2 (n = 4), >2 (n = 8). Presence of any axillary lymph node with no fatty hilum and the number of nodes with no fatty hilum on MR significantly correlated with pathologic node positivity (P = 0.04); while kinetics, node number, and node size did not correlate.

Conclusion

Breast MR may be useful in the assessment of axillary nodes in patients with breast cancer. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

乳腺癌手术中应用可吸收止血纱布140例临床研究

目的 观察泰绫在乳腺癌术后的止血效果、减少引流量及对拔管时间的影响。方法 将140例准备接受乳腺癌改良根治术的患者,随机均分成泰绫组和对照组,各70例,根据分组,术中分别给予泰绫及空白对照。记录术后1、2、3d内的引流量、拔管时间及总的引流量。结果 泰绫组及对照组术后1、2、3d内的引流量及引流液红细胞计数差别均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。两组总的引流量及拔管时间差别也具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 泰绫在乳腺癌手术中及术后具有较好的止血效果,可防止淋巴漏发生,减少了术后切口创面渗血、皮下积液并发症的发生。     

腹直肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损18例临床分析

目的 总结腹直肌肌皮瓣用于口腔颌面部修复的经验,对腹直肌肌皮瓣的用途、应用方法 、成败因素等加以分析和讨论.方法 2007年6月～2010年6月,应用腹直肌肌皮瓣修复口腔颌面部软组织缺损18例,其中男性11例,女性7例,年龄46～71岁,均为肿瘤切除造成的组织缺损,所有病例均为即刻修复.结果 18例游离组织瓣成活17例,修复成功率为94.4%.结论 对于口腔颌面部肿瘤切除后形成的组织缺损,腹直肌肌皮瓣是进行修复的理想选择.     

FTS护理对乳腺癌改良根治术患者负性情绪及术后康复效果的影响

 目的 探讨快速康复外科 (fast track surgery, FTS)护理对乳腺癌改良根治术患者负性情绪及术后康复效果的影响。方法 选取2016-05至 2018-03收治的72例行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者,随机分成对照组和观察组,每组36例。对照组给予常规外科护理,研究组给予FTS护理,对比分析两组患者的临床护理干预效果。结果 观察组与对照组术后并发症发生率分别为8.33%与27.78%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组入院时焦虑评分与抑郁评分比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),但出院时观察组的焦虑评分、抑郁评分明显比对照组低,且差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。两组患者术前入睡困难人数及住院时间相比较,观察组均少于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 FTS护理应用于行改良根治术治疗的乳腺癌患者不仅能够减少患者术后并发症的发生,而且可以缓解患者负性情绪促进患者术后康复。     

Predicting survival and early clinical response to primary chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced breast cancer using DCE‐MRI

Purpose

To evaluate dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) as a tool for early prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and 5‐year survival in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.

Materials and Methods

DCE‐MRI was performed in patients scheduled for NAC (n = 24) before and after the first treatment cycle. Clinical response was evaluated after completed NAC. Relative signal intensity (RSI) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated from the DCE‐curves and compared to clinical treatment response. Kohonen and probabilistic neural network (KNN and PNN) analysis were used to predict 5‐year survival.

Results

RSI and AUC were reduced after only one cycle of NAC in patients with clinical treatment response (P = 0.02 and P = 0.08). The mean and 10th percentile RSI values before NAC were significantly lower in patients surviving more than 5 years compared to nonsurvivors (P = 0.05 and 0.02). This relationship was confirmed using KNN, which demonstrated that patients who remained alive clustered in separate regions from those that died. Calibration of contrast enhancement curves by PNN for patient survival at 5 years yielded sensitivity and specificity for training and testing ranging from 80%–92%.

Conclusion

DCE‐MRI in locally advanced breast cancer has the potential to predict 5‐year survival in a small patient cohort. In addition, changes in tumor vascularization after one cycle of NAC can be assessed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1300–1307. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.