蝇蛆营养成分的测定与评价

目的:通过对家蝇幼虫(蝇蛆)的营养成分进行测定,对其营养价值做出初步评价。方法:对家蝇进行养殖,收集蝇蛆,测定蝇蛆的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总糖、氨基酸和脂肪酸构成,维生素及微量元素含量,用粮食与农业组织-世界卫生组织(FAO-WHO)提出的参考蛋白模式评价。结果:蝇蛆粗蛋白含量为62.52%,必须氨基酸含量(色氨酸未测)占总氨基酸(E%)的47.72%,必须氨基酸与非必需氨基酸总量的比值(E/N)为0.91,E%/T为3.18,均高于参考模式的40%、0.6和3。粗脂肪含量为18.05%,亚油酸及亚麻酸等必需脂肪酸分别为24.21%和0.68%,不饱和脂肪酸含量为58.50%;总糖含量为2.87%;维生素A、D、E含量分别为727.8μg/100 g、131.0μg/100 g1、0.04 mg/100 g;Fe、Zn、Ca、Se含量分别为268 mg/kg1、59 mg/kg0、.31%8、.90 mg/kg。结论:蝇蛆各营养素含量较丰富,氨基酸模式高于参考模式,具有较高的营养价值,适于开发利用。     

家蝇幼虫营养价值及抗病毒活性的初步研究

目的：为在贵阳地区建立畜禽粪便养殖家蝇生产蝇蛆动物蛋白提供实验室数据，并观察用蝇蛆代替鱼粉饲养蛋鸡的效果及经济效益，确定家蝇组织匀浆液的抗病毒活性。方法：（1）在相同的实验室饲养环境下，观察人工饲料、猪粪饲养的家蝇幼虫体内脂肪酸及微量元素含量的区别；（2）用蝇蛆粉或鲜蝇代替鱼粉饲养蛋鸡，观察对蛋质的影响；（3）用鸡胚法检测蝇蛆组织匀浆液的抗病毒活性。结果：用猪粪饲养的蝇蛆体内所含的微量元素（Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、Se)高于用人工饲料饲养的蝇蛆（P＜0．05）；用蝇蛆粉或鲜蝇代替鱼粉饲养蛋鸡，蛋内的脂肪酸及微量元素含量无明显改变（P＞0．05）；蝇蛆组织匀浆液中有抗病毒活性物质存在，性质尚待进一步确定。结论：用猪粪饲养家蝇不仅可以生产出优质的蝇蛆蛋白，还可以节约开支，净化环境及生产大量的优质生物肥；用蝇蛆代替鱼粉饲养蛋鸡不会影响鸡蛋的质量，蝇蛆生产周期短、经济、简单易行；蝇蛆组织匀浆液中存在抗病毒的活性物质，为抗病毒药物的寻找开辟了新的路径。     

人工繁育蝇蛆对鸡免疫应答功能的影响

目的 :观察在饲料中添加鲜蛆、进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉对鸡免疫应答功能的影响。方法 :选成年罗曼褐壳蛋鸡 ,在基本饲料相同的前提下 ,添加鲜蝇蛆、进口鱼粉、国产鱼粉养鸡 ,每种饲料均设全量和减量两组 ,共 6组 ,每隔一定时间以伤寒沙门菌O抗原免疫 ,测定血清凝集效价和脾脏指数 ,观察鸡的免疫应答情况 ,每组随机设立未免疫对照。结果 :血清凝集效价各全量组之间差别无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,减量鲜蝇蛆和减量国产鱼粉差别无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但均高于减量进口鱼粉组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;各饲料减量组凝集效价均明显高于全量组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;脾脏增大以全量和减量鲜蛆组、全量进口鱼粉组、减量国产鱼粉组最为明显 ,增大率达 77 2 8%(P <0 0 0 1 )。结论 :在饲料中添加适量家蝇幼虫对罗曼褐壳蛋鸡具有免疫调节作用     

家蝇幼虫在不同温度和饲养密度条件下生长情况的研究

为探讨人工饲养家蝇幼虫的最佳生长条件,本研究采用塑料盒饲养法以1/2麦麸、1/2酒糟共计0.5kg(各0.25kg)加水250ml为饲养物,按不同温度(20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃、36℃)和不同蝇卵数量(6000、8000、10000、12000、15000)分组进行实验观察。结果表明,家蝇幼虫在35℃～36℃、密度为8000粒的条件下,生长旺盛,发育周期短,且幼虫单体重量最重。     

甲基莲心碱对有机磷酸酯抑制的小鼠脑胆碱酯酶的重活化作用

目的　研究甲基莲心碱 (Nef)对有机磷酸酯中毒小鼠脑胆碱酯酶 (Ch E)的重活化效应。方法　采用微量二巯基双硝基苯甲酸 (DTNB)法测定敌敌畏 (DDVP)体内、体外抑制小鼠脑 Ch E活力 ,观察 0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 3mg/LDDVP在体外对小鼠脑 Ch E活力的抑制作用 ,比较 Nef和氯磷定体内、体外给药对 DDVP中毒小鼠脑 Ch E的重活化效应。结果　不同浓度的 DDVP显著地抑制试管内小鼠脑 Ch E活力 ,呈现明确的量效关系 ,IC50 为 0 .0 0 3m g/L。 Nef (2 .4 ,4 .8m g/L )与氯磷定 (5 ,12 .5 mg/L )对 0 .0 2 m g/L DDVP体外抑制的小鼠脑 Ch E重活化效应随着浓度增高而加大。对 sc DDVP(10 mg/kg)的小鼠分别 ip Nef或氯磷定 ,其脑 Ch E活率分别为 (4 1.6± 10 .9) %、(5 6 .5± 12 .4 ) % (Nef 15 ,30 mg/kg)和 (2 4 .1± 17.4 ) %、(2 8.4± 11.9) % (氯磷定 2 5 ,5 0 m g/kg) ,两者相比差异显著 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　 Nef比氯磷定有更为显著的重活化 Ch E的作用 ,这与 Nef能进入中枢复活脑中毒酶有关。     

家蝇幼虫血细胞的分类及感染后的形态变化

目的用不同方法观察家蝇三龄幼虫血细胞的分类、各类血细胞计数及感染大肠杆菌后血细胞的形态变化。方法(1)应用姬氏染色结合相差显微镜对家蝇三龄幼虫血细胞形态进行观察并分类。(2)倒置显微镜下观察家蝇三龄幼虫血细胞总数(THC),姬氏染色法计数各类血细胞(DHC)。(3)观察大肠杆菌感染后家蝇幼虫血细胞形态的变化。结果(1)家蝇三龄幼虫血细胞可分为原血胞、浆血胞、粒血胞、珠血胞、类绛血胞5类。其中浆血胞又分为大核浆血胞和小核浆血胞两种。(2)家蝇三龄幼虫血细胞总数为7090±651/μl,其中原血胞约1.2%、浆血胞约50.4%、粒血胞11.4%、珠血胞约36.2%、类绛血胞约0.8%。(3)感染大肠杆菌后,浆血胞发生空泡、细胞变形等变化。结论家蝇三龄幼虫血细胞分为5类,血细胞总数为7090±651/μl,其中浆血胞是主干血细胞,并参与感染后的细胞免疫。     

茶多酚对Lewis肺癌生长转移及肿瘤细胞凋亡的作用

①目的　观察茶多酚对小鼠肺癌生长、肿瘤细胞凋亡及肿瘤转移的作用。②方法　以接种Lewis肺癌的C5 7BL/ 6J小鼠为实验模型 ,茶多酚组每天灌胃给予 6 2 .5、1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg的茶多酚 ,荷瘤对照组每天灌服生理盐水 ,连续 1 3d ,观察肿瘤生长并测定细胞凋亡指数。③结果　 6 2 .5mg/kg茶多酚对Lewis肺癌生长无抑制作用 ,1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg茶多酚组抑瘤率分别为 2 7.2 %、1 8.8%。荷瘤对照组肿瘤细胞凋亡指数为 2 4 .90±2 .4 2 ,6 2 .5、1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg茶多酚组小鼠肿瘤细胞凋亡指数分别为 2 3.90± 2 .81、4 3.0 0± 2 .5 8、33.38± 2 .1 3,1 2 5 .0、2 5 0 .0mg/kg茶多酚组细胞凋亡指数与对照组比较 ,差异有显著性 (F =1 2 3.5 6 ,q =1 0 .0 4 4、2 2 .74 0 ,P <0 .0 0 1 )。荷瘤小鼠经灌服茶多酚 3周 ,平均肺表转移灶由 (1 3.1 7± 2 .32 )个降为 (5 .1 7± 1 .4 7)个 ,差异有显著意义(t=7.1 4 ,P <0 .0 1 )。④结论　茶多酚可抑制Lewis肺癌生长及转移 ,其机制与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关     

复方支链氨基酸注射液对胃癌根治术后早期营养支持的临床研究

目的评价复方支链氨基酸注射液对胃癌根治术后患者的营养支持作用,探讨对术后恢复、创口愈合及免疫功能等影响。方法将34例胃癌根治术(D2)后患者随机分为研究组和对照组,每组17例。研究组使用10.3%复方支链氨基酸注射液;对照组使用10.4%复方氨基酸注射液。比较两组患者血清总蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白、转铁蛋白的浓度和氮平衡及术后并发症的发生情况。结果术后第7天,研究组与对照组营养状况比较:白蛋白浓度([36.12±3.47)g/LV(S31.28±3.57)g/L,P<0.05];前白蛋白浓度([241.30±35.36)mg/LVS(189.63±27.60)mg/L,P<0.05];转铁蛋白浓度([2.23±1.44)g/LV(S1.71±0.84)g/L,P<0.05];差异均有统计学意义。研究组氮平衡从术后第5天始优于对照组,为(-2.93±7.49)mg/kgVS(-18.63±13.25)mg/kg,两组比较P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。研究组切口感染及愈合不良发生率仅占6.0%,而对照组为35%,两组比较P<0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论胃癌根治术后使用富含支链氨基酸的注射液可减少蛋白分解,尽快改善负氮平衡,并促进伤口愈合。     

二氢石蒜碱对大鼠高碳酸性脑缺氧损伤的保护作用

目的 :探讨二氢石蒜碱 (DL)对大鼠高碳酸性脑缺氧损伤的影响。方法 :将在体高碳酸性缺氧模型大鼠分为生理盐水组、尼莫地平组、DL 2 0mg/kg组和DL 40mg/kg组 ,记录并比较 4组动物停止、恢复人工呼吸后脑电图(EEG)出现、消失的时间及幅度。结果 :停止人工呼吸 2min后复氧 1 0min时EEG恢复幅度分别为 (32 .1 5± 33 .68) %、(75 .40± 1 7.1 2 ) %、(62 .50± 1 5 .81 ) %、(80 .0 0± 1 2 .2 6) % ,尼莫地平组、DL 2 0mg/kg组、DL 40mg/kg组与生理盐水组均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但尼莫地平组、DL 2 0mg/kg组、DL 40mg/kg组之间无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。结论 :DL对高碳酸性脑缺氧损伤有保护作用     

异丙酚复合咪唑安定对二尖瓣狭窄病人血流动力学的影响

目的　观察异丙酚复合咪唑安定对二尖瓣狭窄病人麻醉诱导期血流动力学的影响。方法　择期手术病人 2 0例 ,分别进行桡动脉和颈内静脉穿刺 ,置入 7 5F漂浮导管 ,麻醉诱导用咪唑安定 0 0 2mg/kg、异丙酚1mg/kg、芬太尼 10 μg/kg和阿端 0 1mg/kg。连续心排量监测HR、MAP、CVP、CI和SVI。 结果　诱导前后HR、MAP分别下降 17%± 5%和 15%± 7% ,PCWP由 2 59± 0 37降至 2 0 3± 0 12kPa ,而CI和SVI由 2 3± 0 2 0和2 17± 3 2升至 2 4± 0 2 1和 34 0± 6 7。结论　协同给予咪唑安定 0 0 2mg/kg和异丙酚 1mg/kg ,使异丙酚ED90减少达 4 5% ,更重要的是提高了二尖瓣狭窄病人的CI和SVI,病人心功改善同时 ,对肺动脉高压也有明显降低和缓解作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.