腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术治疗进展期远端胃癌患者的疗效及术后恢复情况分析

目的分析探讨腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术治疗进展期远端胃癌患者的疗效及术后恢复情况。方法选取2017年2月至2018年10月某院普外科收治的进展期远端胃癌患者92例作为研究对象,根据随机数表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各46例。对照组患者采用常规开腹D2根治术进行治疗,研究组患者则行腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术治疗。统计两组患者的手术治疗用时、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、肛门恢复排气时间、下地时间以及住院总时间等一般情况,并观察患者术后并发症情况。结果研究组患者的手术治疗用时长于对照组,肛门恢复排气时间、下地时间以及住院总时间均短于对照组,术中出血量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者的淋巴结清扫数量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组患者的并发症发生率为6.52%,低于对照组的21.74%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论进展期远端胃癌患者采取腹腔镜辅助下D2根治术治疗,手术创伤小,出血量少,并发症少,能加快患者术后的恢复,应用效果显著。     

腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗远端进展期胃癌的临床效果探究

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗远端进展期胃癌的临床效果。方法选取2014年1月~2015年8月我院肿瘤科收治的110例胃癌患者作为研究对象,将2015年以前收治的55例患者设为对照组,采用开腹D2根治术治疗,将2015年后收治的55例患者设为观察组,采用腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗。对比观察组和对照组患者手术状况及术后并发症发生状况。结果观察组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、胃肠功能恢复时间与对照组患者相比明显较少(P<0.05)。观察组患者淋巴结清除数与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05)。观察组患者并发症发生率与对照组相比无差异(P>0.05)。结论临床上使用腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗远端进展期胃癌能有效减少患者出血量,促进患者恢复,值得推广。     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术治疗老年进展期胃癌患者近期效果及远期预后观察

目的 观察腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术治疗老年进展期胃癌患者近期疗效及远期预后情况。方法 回顾性分析2014年6月—2016年6月收治的90例进展期胃癌的临床资料,根据治疗方法分为研究组47例和对照组43例,研究组行腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术治疗,对照组行开腹胃癌D2根治术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、手术根治性指标以及1、3、5年预后生存情况,同时分析影响进展期胃癌患者远期预后的危险因素。结果 研究组手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量、切口长度、住院时间均少于或短于对照组(P<0.01)。两组近端切缘距肿瘤长度、远端切缘距肿瘤长度、淋巴清扫数目比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组1、3、5年生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄、手术方式、并发症、TNM分期均为影响进展期胃癌患者远期预后的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。结论 腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌的效果显著,能明显缩短患者的恢复周期,且远期预后生存情况较好,也是影响进展期胃癌患者预后的因素。     

腹腔镜辅助D2根治术对进展期胃癌患者术后胃肠功能及康复的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助D2根治术对进展期胃癌患者术后胃肠功能及康复的影响。方法:选取我院2016年6月—2017年10月进展期胃癌患者78例,随机数字表法分为研究组(n=39)与对照组(n=39)。研究组采取腹腔镜辅助D2根治术,对照组采取开腹手术。统计两组手术及康复情况、并发症发生率。结果:研究组胃肠功能恢复时间、下床活动时间短于对照组,术中失血量少于对照组,手术用时长于对照组(P0.05);研究组并发症发生率(7.69%)低于对照组(25.64%)(P0.05)。结论:采取腹腔镜辅助D2根治术治疗进展期胃癌,可减少手术创伤,促使术后胃肠功能及早康复,且并发症较少。     

腹腔镜与开腹术治疗进展期胃癌临床疗效分析

目的探讨进展期胃癌腹腔镜与开腹术的临床效果,为临床工作提供参考和依据。方法选取2008年3月~2014年3月入住我院接受检查和治疗的进展期胃癌患者90例,随机分成腹腔镜组和开腹组各45例。腹腔镜组给予腹腔镜辅助D2根治术,开腹组给予开腹D2根治术。对两组患者术中、术后情况以及生存率进行分析比较。结果腹腔镜组患者的术中出血量、术后止痛剂使用次数、术后肠道恢复时间以及术后住院时间均显著优于开腹组患者,且以上差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);腹腔镜组患者的手术时间稍微长于开腹组,淋巴结清扫数目小于开腹组,但差异不显著,无统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者1、2年生存率均较高,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹腔镜辅助D2根治术可以有效治疗进展期胃癌,与开腹D2根治术疗法相比,具有患者出血少、术后止痛剂用量少、肠道功能恢复快以及住院时间短的优点,而且患者生存率较高,与开腹D2根治术疗法患者差异不大,值得在临床工作中推广和应用。     

局部进展期胃癌术后放化疗与单纯化疗的临床对比研究

<正>胃癌是最常见的消化道恶性肿瘤,目前根治性手术为其主要治疗手段。在亚洲国家,进展期胃癌标准D2式淋巴结清扫术的局部复发率和远处转移率较高[1]。D2术后同期放化疗或单纯化疗是否可降低胃癌局部复发或远处转移率,提高患者生存率目前报道较少[2-3]。本研究比较同期放化疗(RCT)与单纯化疗(CT)治疗局部进展期胃癌根治术后的疗效以及不良反应,旨在为临床治疗提供参考,现报告如下。     

同术者同期内腹腔镜与开腹远端胃癌D2根治术的对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助进展期远端胃癌D2根治术的手术安全性及手术技巧。方法回顾性对比分析同一术者、同时期内腹腔镜(28例)和开腹(30例)进展期远端胃癌D2根治术的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、围手术期并发症发生率、术后恢复情况等指标,总结手术方法和技巧。结果所有腹腔镜组手术均获成功实施,手术时间、淋巴结清扫数目与开腹手术相当,术中出血、术后切口感染发生率少于开腹手术,肠功能恢复时间,进食流质时间及住院时间短于开腹手术。结论沿正确的筋膜间隙进行解剖、规范化淋巴结清扫、熟练的器械操作,能使腹腔镜进展期远端胃癌D2根治术安全可行,肿瘤根治性与开腹手术相当,围手术并发症发生情况及术后恢复优于开腹手术。     

腹腔镜辅助D2式胃癌根治术治疗老年进展期胃癌临床观察

目的探讨老年进展期胃癌患者行腹腔镜辅助D2式胃癌根治术的临床疗效和安全性。方法 94例老年进展期胃癌患者,行腹腔镜辅助D2式胃癌根治术49例为腹腔镜组,行开腹D2式胃癌根治术45例为开腹组。比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、术后下床时间、术后排气时间及住院时间,记录并发症发生情况。结果腹腔镜组手术时间[(232.1±51.3)min]较开腹组[(207.4±53.2)min]长,术中出血量[(112.5±35.3)mL]较开腹组[(191.8±74.9)mL]少,术后下床时间[(3.0±1.4)d]、术后排气时间[(2.5±0.4)d]较开腹组[(7.2±1.5)、(3.6±0.9)d]早,住院时间[(12.7±6.5)d]较开腹组[(15.5±7.0)d]短(P0.05);腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率(10.2%)低于开腹组(28.9%)(P0.05)。结论对老年进展期胃癌患者,行腹腔镜胃癌D2式根治术可减少术中出血量,促进术后恢复,减少术后并发症。     

腹腔镜辅助与开腹D2根治术淋巴结清扫治疗远端进展期胃癌的效果对比

目的对比分析腹腔镜辅助与开腹D2根治术淋巴结清扫治疗远端进展期胃癌的临床疗效。方法选取远端进展期胃癌患者60例,采用随机数表法分成观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组给予开腹D2根治术淋巴结清扫治疗,观察组给予腹腔镜辅助下行胃癌D2根治术淋巴结清扫治疗,比较两组手术治疗情况。结果观察组手术时间长于对照组,出血量、切口总长度、住院时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组清扫淋巴结总数(21.02±1.15)个,对照组清扫淋巴结总数(20.89±0.85)个,两组比较差异未见统计学意义(t=0.4979,P0.05);观察组术后并发症发生率(6.67%)低于对照组(56.67%);随访6~32个月观察组1年内死亡1例(3.33%),复发5例(16.67%),对照组死亡2例(6.67%),复发3例(10.00%)。结论腹腔镜辅助下行胃癌D2根治术淋巴结清扫治疗,可缩短患者康复时间,减少术后并发症。     

腹腔镜与开腹胃癌根治术治疗进展期胃癌临床疗效比较

目的:比较进展期胃癌患者实施腹腔镜胃癌根治术与开腹胃癌根治术的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院2014年10月~2016年10月收治的76例进展期胃癌患者临床资料,按手术方式分为对照组和观察组各38例。对照组采用开腹胃癌根治术治疗,观察组采用腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗。比较两组患者手术情况及术后并发症发生情况。结果:观察组患者手术时间高于对照组(P<0.05),术中出血量、排气时间、下床时间、首次进食时间、住院时间、并发症发生率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 :腹腔镜胃癌根治术治疗进展期胃癌具有安全、有效、微创的效果,且并发症发生率低,效果显著。     

术中动脉灌注化疗于胃癌根治术中的应用研究进展

胃癌发病率死亡率均较高,早期胃癌行根治性切除术后复发转移率较低,但进展期胃癌（AGC）即使行R0切除术后复发转移率仍较高,究其原因为外科手术治疗无法根除肿瘤微转移灶。术中动脉灌注化疗（IAIC）能使肿瘤及肿瘤周围组织形成高化疗浓度场所,杀灭外科根治术后残留癌细胞。对AGC行肿瘤R0切除加D2淋巴结清扫配合IAIC能达到宏观及微观上的根治,降低肿瘤的复发转移概率,延长患者生存时间,提高生存质量。IAIC起源于20世纪90年代,经过近30年的发展,其临床效果已得到认可,但缺乏相关大宗随机试验证据支持,其灌注血管选择、用药方案选择等仍未得到规范。本文就IAIC的研究现状做一综述,为相关临床工作提供参考。     

新辅助化疗FOLFOX4方案治疗进展期胃癌的效果

目的探讨新辅助化疗奥沙利铂、氟尿嘧啶、甲酰四氢叶酸钙（FOLFOX4）方案治疗进展期胃癌的效果。方法进展期胃癌病人60例,随机分为新辅助组（30例）、手术组（30例）;新辅助组术前实施1个疗程的FOLFOX4方案化疗,化疗结束后4周行胃癌根治术,手术组直接行胃癌根治术;术后新辅助组的病人接受5个疗程FOLFOX4方案化疗,手术组接受6个疗程FOLFOX4方案化疗;对比观察两组的临床疗效及2年无瘤生存率。结果两组的根治性切除率及2年无瘤生存率比较差异均有显著性（χ2=5.45、4.02,P〈0.05）。结论新辅助化疗FOLFOX4方案能提高进展期胃癌根治性手术切除率和2年无瘤生存率。     

Current status of randomized controlled trials for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in China

China alone accounts for nearly 42% of all new gastric cancer cases worldwide, and gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer deaths in China nowadays. Without mass screening programs, unfortunately over 80% of all Chinese patients have been diagnosed as advanced diseases. As in other Asian countries, especially Japan and Korea, laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer has gained increasingly popularity in China during the past decade. Whether laparoscopic surgery can be safely and effectively performed in the treatment of gastric cancer remains controversial, particularly with regard to curative intent in advanced diseases. Given the high incidence of these cancers, and their advanced stage at diagnosis, China has a significant interest in determining the safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic gastrectomy. A well‐designed randomized controlled trial (RCT) is considered the only feasible way to provide conclusive evidence. To date, China has not played a significant role in terms of conducting RCT concerning laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer. However, an effort has been made by the Chinese researchers, with the great help from our colleagues in neighboring countries such as Korea and Japan, through the establishment of the Chinese Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study Group. In this review, we present the current status of RCT for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in China, including published and ongoing registered RCT.     

Laparoscopic stomach‐partitioning gastrojejunostomy in preparation for distal gastrectomy and Billroth‐II reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer with gastric outlet obstruction: A case report

Gastrojejunostomy has been performed as a palliative treatment for unresectable, advanced gastric cancer patients with gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, its role before neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has not been established. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old man with distal advanced gastric cancer with GOO. Computed tomography showed para‐aortic lymph node (PAN) metastasis without other distal metastasis. We performed laparoscopic stomach‐partitioning gastrojejunostomy (LSPGJ), which avoided new gastrojejunostomy reconstruction when performing distal gastrectomy after NAC. His oral intake improved after surgery and NAC was successfully administered on postoperative day 14, without surgical complications. After completion of NAC, the patient underwent radical distal gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy reused as Billroth‐II reconstruction. A histological examination revealed no residual cancer cells. LSPGJ, with partitioning on the expected resection line in distal gastrectomy after NAC, can be useful for treating advanced gastric cancer with GOO when NAC followed by curative gastrectomy is planned.     

进展期胃癌的分子靶向治疗

过去的二十年里,进展期胃癌患者通过治疗后可以改善生活质量及延长生存期,但是其治疗方法并没有获得显著进展。虽然胃癌的中位生存期大约在7~11个月,且存活超过2年的已经〉10%,但是,对于进展期胃癌患者来说,其最合适的一线化疗方案一直存在争议,且大多数人对化疗仍持有偏见。最近,肿瘤生物学的显著进展促进了靶向致癌关键途径的新药物研究。在国际随机研究中,对进展期胃癌来说,多数分子靶向因子被证实有效,一种抗HER-2单克隆抗体（曲妥珠单抗）显示在抗HER-2阳性的进展期胃癌方面有抗肿瘤活性。然而,只有20%的HER-2阳性的进展期胃癌患者在此获益。因此,发展更有效的因子和鉴别预测及预后的标记物因子来选择哪些患者能从特定的化疗方案和靶向治疗中获益显得至关重要。本文就进展期胃癌的靶向治疗作一综述。     

Advanced gastric carcinoma: the role of three-dimensional and axial imaging by spiral CT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the role of three-dimensional (3D) and axial imaging by spiral computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC). METHODS: Sixty patients with AGC underwent 3D and axial imaging by spiral CT. Among them, 40 cases were confirmed by surgery. The remaining 20 cases showed typical findings of AGC with upper gastrointestinal series and gastroscopy that were proved by endoscopic biopsy. Spiral CT was performed with 3-mm collimation, 4. 5-mm/s table feed, and 1.5-mm reconstruction interval in the supine position after ingestion of gas. Three-dimensional images using the shaded surface display (SSD) technique were analyzed and graded (excellent, good, or poor). A second dual-phase spiral CT scan was performed with 5-mm collimation, 7-mm/s table feed, and 5-mm reconstruction interval in the prone position after ingestion of water. RESULTS: Among 60 cases of AGC, there were two cases (3.4%) of Borrmann type 1, 12 cases (20.0%) of Borrmann type 2, 32 cases (53.3%) of Borrmann type 3, 11 cases (18.3%) of Borrmann type 4, and three cases (5.0%) of Borrmann type 5. Of the 60 cases of AGC, excellent 3D images were obtained in nine patients (15.0%), good 3D images in 39 (65.0%), and poor 3D images in 12 (20.0%). Among the 12 patients with poor images, cancers were located at the pyloric antrum in eight cases (66.7%), were AGC Borrmann type 4 in three cases (25.0%), and early gastric carcinoma (EGC)-mimicking lesion (AGC Borrmann type 5) in one case (8.3%). Cancers involving the antrum tended to show poor images (p < 0.05). Using axial images, Borrmann's classification based on tumor morphology was accurately identified in 41 cases (68.3%); however, using 3D imaging, 52 cases (86.7%) were accurately classified (p < 0.05). In 40 cases receiving surgery, good correlation between axial CT image and pathology occurred in 70.0% of T class and 72.5% of N class. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional images of AGC by spiral CT data were good or excellent in 80%, and combining 3D images with axial CT imaging improved the accuracy in classifying Borrmann type and tumor staging.     

Laparoscopic total gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in a patient with situs inversus totalis

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital anomaly. Generally, laparoscopic surgery is difficult to perform in patients with SIT because of both the potential challenges associated with unexpected vascular anomalies and the lack of standardized strategy for handling such cases. This is the first report of laparoscopic total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer in a patient with SIT. A 79‐year‐old man with SIT was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer. We performed laparoscopic total gastrectomy with modified D2 lymph node dissection (D2 without splenectomy) and esophagojejunal anastomosis using an overlap method involving retrocolic Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction. The total operating time was 232 min, and blood loss was 110 mL. There were no postoperative complications. In summary, laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer can be performed safely, even in a patient with SIT.     

Laparoscopic sentinel node navigation surgery for early gastric cancer

The sentinel node (SN) concept has revolutionized how the surgical staging of both melanoma and breast cancer are approached. Applying this concept can yield benefits for the patient by avoiding various complications relating to unnecessary prophylactic regional lymph node dissection in cases with negative SN for cancer metastasis. Clinical application of SN mapping for early gastric cancer had been controversial for years. However, single institutional results of laparoscopic SN mapping for early gastric cancer are considered acceptable in terms of detection rate and accuracy in determining lymph node status. For early stage gastric cancer such as cT1N0M0 – in which a better prognosis was generally achieved through conventional surgical approaches – an individualized, minimally invasive surgery that might retain the patient's quality of life should be established as the next surgical challenge. Although there are many issues still to resolve, laparoscopic minimized gastrectomy with SN navigation surgery or combined endoscopic mucosal resection and endoscopic submucosal dissection has the potential to achieve this goal.     

D2 gastrectomy -- a safe operation in experienced hands

In the contemporary practice, surgery is the only potentially curative treatment available for gastric cancer. However, there is no consensus on the extent of surgical resection. Advantages of D2 gastrectomy in terms of morbidity, mortality, local recurrence and survival are confirmed in Japanese as well as some European trials. In our hospital, all patients with operable gastric cancer are treated with D2 gastrectomy along with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy followed by jejunal pouch reconstruction. The study was undertaken to evaluate our practice in terms of postoperative morbidity and mortality. All the patients who had total gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma from January 1995 to December 2000 were included in the study. During this 6-year period, 33 patients underwent potentially curative D2 gastrectomy. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 18 and 9%, respectively. There were no anastomotic leaks. Three (9%) patients developed dysphasia, of which two (6%) had anastomotic stricture requiring dilatation. We feel D2 gastrectomy with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy when performed electively is a safe procedure in experienced hands. Oesophago-jejunal anastomosis can be safely performed using circular stapler.     

新辅助化疗加根治性手术治疗进展期胃癌7例

目的探讨进展期胃癌的治疗方法。方法对新野县人民医院2005年10月至2010年1月收住的7例进展期胃癌行新辅助化疗后行根治性手术治疗患者的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 7例患者均在新辅助化疗后进行了D2根治性手术。无手术相关死亡,术后未见严重手术相关并发症。除1例患者失访外,其余患者现均生存（7～60个月）,健康状况良好,复查均未发现局部复发和远处转移。结论新辅助化疗加根治性手术是疗效肯定的治疗手段。新辅助化疗加根治性手术的模式很可能将成为进展期胃癌治疗的新标准。