后程加速超分割放射治疗食管癌

目的 :探讨后程加速超分割放疗食管癌的疗效及放疗反应。方法 :1 997年 9月～ 1 999年 1 0月对 1 0 4例食管患者随机分为 2组 :常规分割放射治疗组 5 3例 ,60 Co放疗 ,1次 /d ,2 .0Gy/次 ,5次 /W ,总剂量 70Gy ,35次 ,49d～ 5 6d。后程加速超分割放射治疗组 5 1例 ,60 Co放疗 ,前 2 / 3疗程为常规分割放疗 ,照射 43Gy后缩野 ,改为加速超分割放疗 ,2次 /d ,1 .5Gy/次 ,间隔时间 ( 6± 0 .5 )h ,照射 2 7Gy ,总剂量 70Gy ,共 40次 ,45d～ 5 0d。结果 :两组病人均顺利完成放疗计划 ,近期有效率 1 0 0 %,全部病人无重度放射性食管炎、气管炎 ,无后期放射性损伤。急性期轻度放射性食管炎、气管炎 ,白细胞降低无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。两组治疗结束时控制率为 1 0 0 %。 1、2、3年局部控制率 ,后程加速超分割组明显高于常规组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,分别为 78%、5 7%、43%和 5 6%、36%、2 6%。生存率 1、2、3年分别为 75 %、5 1 %、41 %和 5 6%、36%、2 3%(P <0 .0 5 ) ,两组病人有显著差异。结论 :两组病人均能耐受全放射疗程 ,放疗反应较轻。后程加速超分割组的局部控制率和生存率明显高于常规组。     

青地合剂食管癌放疗中的减毒增效作用

目的评价中药青地合剂在食管癌放疗中的减毒增效作用。方法食管癌病人76例,随机分为两组,各38例,均采用三维适形放疗,3野或4野,DT 60～64Gy/(6.0～6.2)周(30～32次)。治疗组从放疗开始给予青地合剂125mL,每日2次;对照组给予思密达3g+维生素B121mg,每日3次。观察两组病人放射性食管炎发生的时间、反应程度、持续时间及放疗的近期效果。结果治疗组和对照组2级以上放射性食管炎的发生率分别为39.5%和68.4%(χ2=6.408,P<0.05),食管炎平均持续时间分别为7d和13d(t=3.754,P<0.05),放疗有效率分别为94.7%和81.6%(uc=5.653,P<0.05)。结论青地合剂具有良好的防治放射性食管炎的作用,还可能增加放射敏感性,提高食管癌的放射治疗效果。     

化疗联合斗篷野或累及野放疗治疗早期何杰金淋巴瘤的疗效比较

目的 :比较早期何杰金淋巴瘤 (HD)化疗联合不同照射体积的照射野放疗的疗效 ,研究早期HD的最佳放疗方法。方法 :从 1990年 1月 2 0 0 0年 6月本科收治的 4 3例早期HD患者 ,按放疗方法分为化疗 +斗篷野放疗 (斗篷野治疗组 ) 2 7例和化疗 +累及野放疗 (累及野治疗组 ) 16例。化疗方案选用ABVD、MOPP或两者交替使用 ,放疗前予 2 4周期化疗 ,放疗后补充 0 2周期化疗。结果 :4 3例患者中位随访时间为 74月 ,斗篷野治疗组 5年、10年生存率分别为 95 .0 %和 85 .0 % ,5年、10年无瘤生存率分别为 87.19%和 78.4 7% ;累及野治疗组 5年、10年生存率分别为 92 .31%和 80 .7% ,5年、10年无瘤生存率分别为 87.0 3%和 6 0 .2 9%。两组生存率和无瘤生存率均无明显差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。斗篷野治疗组 1例野内复发 ,1例野外复发 ,2例野内和野外复发 ;累及野治疗组 1例野内复发 ,3例野内和野外复发。累及野治疗组骨髓抑制、放射性肺炎和放射性皮肤粘膜反应较斗篷野治疗组明显下降 ,甲减的发生率两组相似 ,尚未观察到第二原发肿瘤。结论 :为减少早期HD放疗并发症 ,累及野放疗是安全、可行的。     

晚期非小细胞肺癌放疗结合热疗对比临床研究

目的 对比研究晚期非小细胞肺癌体外高频HG-2000热疗结合放疗的初步临床探讨.方法 分析2002～2004晚期非小细胞肺癌患者54例,随机分为A、B两组:A组为放疗组;B组为热放综合治疗组.A组27例,采用6MV-X线常规分割放疗或立体适形放疗,照射至肿瘤剂量DT40.0～45.0 Gy时,缩野避开脊髓放疗至肿瘤总剂量DT60～65 Gy ,5～7周完成.B组27例,放疗期间同时结合高频HG-2000体外热疗机增敏热疗,放疗方法及剂量与A组相同.热疗在每次放疗前或放疗后1小时内进行.温度控制在41.5～43℃,肿瘤中心温度45～53℃,60 min/次,2次/周,2次间隔72 h以上,每疗程6～10次.结果 近期疗效:治疗结束后1～3个月以CT检查的影像学结果为依据,判断近期疗效.有效率(CR PR)放疗组与综合组分别是74%、82%;无效率(NC PD)放疗组与综合组分别是6%、0%.生存率:1、2年生存率放疗组和综合组分别为84.5%、50.7%和87.3%、52.3%.中位生存期分别为17.5和18.2个月,2组比较差异无显著性意义(χ2=4.25,P=0.053).毒副反应:皮肤反应,热疗组轻度烫伤2例,Ⅱ度烫伤1例;急性放射性肺炎,放疗组54例,热放组62例.1～2级骨髓抑制,放疗组19.6%,热放组18.8%.结论 高频热疗结合放疗治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌疗效优于单纯放疗.放射性肺炎发生率有待进一步探讨.     

早期鼻咽癌手术摘除肿瘤后减量放疗可行性研究

目的 :对早期鼻咽癌 ,手术摘除肿瘤后 ,减量放疗 ,观察远期疗效及放疗后遗症。方法 :对 42例早期鼻咽癌患者采用硬腭进路鼻咽部肿瘤摘除术 ,术后给予放疗量 6 0～ 6 3Gy。同期的 42例早期鼻咽癌患者作为对照组 ,给予单纯放疗 ,放疗量为 73～ 80 Gy。观察两组病人的 5年 .10年无瘤生存率 ,总的生存率以及生存质量。结果 :治疗组和对照组 5年无瘤生存率分别为 41/ 42 (97.6 % )和 35 / 42 (83.3% ) ,两组差别有显著意义 (χ2 =4.97,P<0 .0 5 )。 5年总的生存率分别为 41/ 42(97.6 % )和 39/ 42 (92 .8% )。两组病人 10年的无瘤生存率分别为 17/ 2 1(80 % )和 15 / 2 0 (75 % )总的生存率分别为 19/ 2 1(90 .4% )和 15 / 2 0 (75 % )。 5年和 10年的总生存率 ,10年无瘤生存率 ,两组差别无显著意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。治疗组放疗后遗症出现的程度较对照组轻。结论 :早期鼻咽癌手术摘除肿瘤后减量放疗是可行的。     

老年非小细胞肺癌三维适形放射治疗靶区选择探讨

目的 探讨老年晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)三维适形放射治疗(3R-CRT)不同靶区的设计对放射治疗效果及放射性损伤的影响.方法 回顾分析94例应用3D-CRT治疗的65岁以上、病理确诊的NSCLC病人,其中以原发病灶、同侧肺门及淋巴引流区为放疗靶区的病例36例(A组);以原发病灶及累及淋巴结为靶区的病例58例(B组),比较两组的近期疗效、远期疗效和放射损伤的情况.结果 两组近期疗效、中位生存期(MST)、1及2年生存率比较差异均无显著性(P>0.05).两组放射性食管炎发生率比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.182、4.795,P＜0.05),放射性肺炎、骨髓抑制及心脏损伤发生率差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 老年NSCLC病人淋巴结区预防照射和累及野放疗,预后无明显差异,累及野放疗可减少放射性食管炎发生率,建议对老年病人采取累及野照射.     

阿米福汀在局部晚期非小细胞肺癌放疗中的作用研究

目的 探讨阿米福汀在局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)放疗中对近期疗效的影响及降低放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎的作用.方法 2008年1月-2010年2月我院放疗科收治62例局部晚期NSCLC患者,采用随机数字表法分为单纯三维适形放疗组(对照组)和阿米福汀+三维适形放疗组(试验组).试验组每次放疗前15～30 min给予阿米福汀300 mg/m2,静脉滴注.每周放疗5次,持续6周.放疗结束后6周评价两组患者的近期疗效.放疗期间每周记录1次放射性食管炎、放射性肺炎的发生率.结果 两组共44例患者完成了预定试验,对照组23例,试验组21例.对照组完全缓解(CR)1例,部分缓解(PR)11例,客观有效率为52%;试验组CR 2例,PR 12例,客观有效率为67%,两组客观有效率比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.95,P＞0.05).对照组累计发生放射性食管炎15例(65%),放射性肺炎16例(70%);试验组累计发生放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎各5例(24%),两组放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎累计发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P值分别为0.017和0.003).结论 阿米福汀可以降低 NSCLC放疗中放射性食管炎和放射性肺炎的发生率,但不降低放疗的近期疗效.     

放疗联合诱导或同步化疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的前瞻性研究

目的　对比观察放疗联合诱导化疗或同步化疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和不良反应。方法　5 0例Ⅲ期NSCLC的患者随机分为两组,诱导组2 4例,同步组2 6例,两组患者临床资料相似,诱导组先化疗后放疗,同步组放、化疗同时进行。化疗方案:长春瑞宾(NVB) 2 5mg/m2 d1 、d8,顺铂(DDP) 3 0mg/m2 d1～3 ,共用2周期;放疗均采用常规分割,总剂量(60～72 )Gy/(3 0～3 6)f。结果　诱导组和同步组有效率分别为70 . 8%和84. 6%;中位生存期分别为13 . 6个月和17 .2个月;1,3 ,5年生存率分别为5 3 %、18%、7%和68%、2 8%、11%,同步组高于诱导组,但无统计学差异。Ⅲ～Ⅳ度的白细胞下降的发生率分别是2 5 . 0 %和61. 5 %(P <0 . 0 5 ) ;Ⅲ～Ⅳ级放射性食管炎的发生率分别为8 3 %和2 3 . 1%(P <0 .0 5 ) ;Ⅰ～Ⅲ级放射性肺炎的发生率分别为2 9 .2 %和3 8 .5 %。结论　同步放化疗虽不良反应明显,但患者能耐受,其生存期相对较高。     

大分割适形放疗和常规分割放疗对非小细胞肺癌原发灶的疗效分析

目的探讨提高非小细胞肺癌放射治疗疗效而不增加放射损伤的方法。方法135例非小细胞肺癌患者中62例行大分割适形放疗,6~8 Gy/次,隔日1次,总剂量48~64 Gy,共6~8次,总疗程2~3周;73例行常规分割放疗,2 Gy/次,5次/周,总剂量60~70 Gy,共30~35次,总疗程6~7周。对比观察治疗后1、2年肺内局部病灶控制率、生存率以及放射性肺、食道损伤发生率。结果放疗后3个月,常规分割放疗组和大分割适形放疗组病灶完全消失率分别为44.9%和77.8%,有效率分别为94.4%和100%,两组治疗效果有显著差异(P<0.01);两组1年生存率分别为42.5%和77.8%(P<0.01),2年生存率分别为30.1%和48.6%(P<0.01),两组局部病灶控制率有显著差异(P<0.01);两组放射性肺、食道损伤发生率无统计学差异。结论非小细胞肺癌大分割适形放疗疗效优于常规分割放疗。     

口腔粘膜保护剂防治放射性口腔反应的临床观察

目的　探讨口腔粘膜保护剂防治放射性口腔粘膜反应的临床效果。方法　将 70例面颈联合放疗患者随机双盲分成两组 :一组放疗开始应用口腔粘膜保护剂 (生理盐水 5 0 0mL +庆大霉素 1 6万u +VitBCO 1 0片 +VitC 6 .0g)含漱 ,每日 4次 ;另一组 (对照组 )放疗开始应用朵贝氏液 (硼砂 1 5g ,浓度 1 .5 %;碳酸氢钠 1 5g ,浓度 1 .5 %;液化苯酚 3mL ,浓度 0 .3 %;甘油 3 5mL ,浓度 3 .5 %;蒸馏水加至1 0 0 0mL)含漱 ,每日 4次。观察两组粘膜反应的发生率。结果　放射剂量 3 0～ 6 0Gy ,实验组粘膜反应发生率明显低于对照组 ,经统计学处理差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;两组粘膜反应程度 :0级 :实验组明显高于对照组 ,统计学处理差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 0 5 ) ;1～ 4级 :实验组发生率低于对照组 ,统计学处理差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 0 5 )。结论　以庆大霉素、多族维生素组成的口腔粘膜保护剂 ,能有效防治放射性口腔粘膜反应 ,减轻放疗副反应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.