腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊断及治疗（附7例报告）

目的探讨腹膜后神经鞘瘤的诊断及治疗方法。方法对7例腹膜后神经鞘瘤患者的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果本组查体发现2例,腰腹部疼痛不适5例（其中3例查体可触及肿物）,肿瘤直径4.7~12 cm,6例位于肾上腺区、1例位于右后盆壁。5例经腹手术切除肿物,1例经腰手术切除肿物,1例行后腹腔镜肿瘤探查、切除术。术后病理检查证实为神经鞘瘤。结论腹膜后神经鞘瘤缺乏特异临床表现,术前诊断困难,确诊依赖病理学检查,手术切除是有效治疗方法。     

胰腺神经鞘瘤50例

目的:分析胰腺神经鞘瘤的特点并探讨其诊治方法.方法:对文献上报告的49例及我院收治的1例胰腺神经鞘瘤患者的临床特点进行回顾性分析.结果:胰头病变25例,胰体9例,胰体/尾部6例,胰尾部5例,胰头/体部2例,定位不明的2例,胰颈部1例.实性肿物18例,囊性25例,7例患者肿瘤的性质不能确定.49例患者手术切除,胰十二指肠切除术13例,远端胰腺切除术12例,肿物局部切除术12例,单纯肿物核除术8例,术式不明2例,肿物无法切除1例,活检1例,拒绝手术1例.随访时间最长的达到9a,无肿瘤复发和转移.结论:胰腺神经鞘瘤术前诊断困难,绝大部分为良性,恶性少见,确诊靠病理,良性者可行肿瘤核除术,恶性者可根治性切除,术中快速病理切片有助于决定手术方式.     

气管镜下介入治疗气管多发型乳头状瘤1例并文献复习

目的学习气管乳头状瘤的临床特点,提高对该疾病的全面认识,做到准确诊断、治疗。方法对我科收治的1例气管鳞状细胞乳头状瘤的临床特点进行分析总结,并复习既往相关文献资料,对该病的临床表现、诊断、治疗及预后进行描述。结果本例患者经支气管镜检查及病理检查明确诊断为气管乳头状瘤,行气管镜下介入治疗后好转。气管乳头状瘤无典型临床表现,可从症状轻微的咳嗽到威胁生命的上气道阻塞,治疗取决于肿瘤的位置及患者的年龄。结论气管乳头状瘤是呼吸道少见的良性肿瘤,因临床表现缺乏特异性,易造成误诊,支气管镜检查并组织病理检查有助于诊断,治疗主要以支气管镜引导下介入治疗为主。     

32例外周部位神经鞘瘤患者高频超声检查结果分析

目的探讨高频超声对神经鞘瘤的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析32例神经鞘瘤患者肿块的高频超声检查结果。结果超声全部检出,检出率100％;与病理对照,诊断准确29例,准确率90．6％,误诊3例;均匀型24例,液化型6例,不规则型2例。结论高频超声对神经鞘瘤具有较高的诊断价值,尤其是良性神经鞘瘤患者。     

经气管镜高频电凝圈套治疗气管及支气管腔内良性神经鞘瘤三例

原发于气管-支气管的良性肿瘤少见,其中神经鞘瘤(neurilemmona)较罕见,国内外偶见个案报道.2011年3至5月间第二军医大学长海医院呼吸内科成功收治了 3例 气管支气管内神经鞘瘤患者,现总结报道如下,并复习相关文献以提高对气管-支气管内良性神经鞘瘤的临床认识.     

腹膜后神经鞘瘤误诊20例

目的:探讨腹膜后神经鞘瘤的一般资料、诊断、治疗及预后.方法:收集2004-11/2011-11中国医科大学第一附属医院普通外科收治的腹膜后肿物患者113例的临床资料(其中20例为腹膜后神经鞘瘤),进行回顾性分析,并回顾复习国内外现有相关文献资料.结果:本组患者均行影像学检查并且均行手术治疗,术后进行病理诊断.20例中除1例肿瘤部分切除,1例包膜内切除外,获得随访18例.其中完整切除者17例,随访时间最短11mo,最长83mo,平均随访时间40.5mo,中位随访时间41mo,生活质量均良好,期间经复查均无复发迹象.包膜内切除者1例,随访时间28mo,预后良好,无复发迹象.结论:腹膜后神经鞘瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤,术前诊断困难缺乏特异性,手术完整切除肿瘤是首选的治疗方法,预后良好,少见复发.     

颌面部肿块的B超表现

自1981年以来,我们应用B超诊断颌面部肿块42例,全部病例均经手术或病理证实。共检出良性实质性肿物20例(包括腺瘤、血管瘤、混合瘤、神经纤维瘤、神经鞘膜瘤、脂肪瘤),良性囊性肿物7例(包括腮腺囊肿、颌下腺囊肿),恶性肿物9例(包括     

支气管神经鞘瘤一例

发生于气管-支气管的神经鞘瘤为气道良性肿瘤,是一种少见病,现将我院收治的1例左主支气管神经鞘瘤患者的资料报道如下,以提高临床医生对本病的认识.患者男,59岁,以"咳嗽3个月"为主诉于2010年4月2 日入院.3个月前无诱因下出现阵发性咳嗽,白天明显,程度不重;自服"止咳约水"后症状有所好转.入院前1天到本院体检,X线胸片示左上肺阴影,拟诊"肺炎"并收入院.     

消化道黏膜下肿物的内镜下诊断及治疗

目的 探讨消化道黏膜下肿物的内镜下诊断、治疗及其安全性.方法 对261例消化道黏膜下肿物进行内镜及超声内镜检查,并采用内镜黏膜下挖除术(endoscopic submucosal excavation,ESE)、胃镜与腹腔镜双镜联合以及内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection,STER)进行肿物切除.结果 内镜下通过ESE切除黏膜下肿物213例,胃镜腹腔镜双镜联合切除42例,STER切除6例,确诊胃肠道间质瘤86例、平滑肌瘤85例、脂肪瘤35例、类癌32例、异位胰腺15例、神经鞘瘤4例、错构瘤3例和血管球瘤1例.超声内镜对各种黏膜下肿物的诊断符合率分别为:胃肠道间质瘤(93％)、平滑肌瘤(87％)、脂肪瘤(100％)、类癌(78％)、异位胰腺(80％)、神经鞘瘤(0)、错构瘤(0)和血管球瘤(100％).所有患者均顺利完整切除瘤体,有3例GIST在内镜下剥离过程中发生了胃壁微小穿孔,通过内镜下钛夹修补达到缝合.另有1例患者发生术后感染,经抗感染治疗后痊愈.所有患者均无术中大出血、术后迟发性出血及死亡病例发生.结论 ESE、胃镜腹腔镜双镜联合以及STER是目前治疗黏膜下肿物微创、有效且安全的方法.     

超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术诊断腹膜后神经鞘瘤1例（含视频）

腹膜后神经鞘瘤临床少见，一般通过手术治疗获得病理诊断，既往术前诊断往往通过超声或者CT引导下穿刺明确。本文报道了1例腹膜后神经鞘瘤患者术前通过超声内镜引导下细针穿刺活检术明确诊断，为患者下一步治疗提供了策略。     

喉罩辅助通气气管镜介入治疗高位气管息肉一例

气管息肉是由于气管黏膜受到机械刺激、炎症感染等引发。目前随着各级医院人工气道技术普遍开展,其发生率越来越高。气管息肉缺乏特异性临床表现,易引起误诊。本文报道兰州大学第二医院呼吸内科收治的1例高位气管息肉患者,并分析其发病及诊治过程,以提高临床医师对该病的认识和处理水平。     

Primary intratracheal neurilemmoma in children: case report and literature review

A 9-year-old girl was admitted because of recurrent cough, dyspnea, and tachypnea for over 3 months, which had become worse for the preceding week. A chest X-ray revealed a mass in the lumen of the trachea. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy confirmed a polypoid mass in the upper trachea 3 cm under the vocal cords, with a 1.5-cm diameter that occluded approximately 70% of the lumen. Endoscopic excision of the neoplasm was performed with rigid bronchoscopy. Results of immunolabeling, which was positive for S-100 protein and vimentin, demonstrated a benign neurilemmoma. Clinical symptoms and signs improved after the tumor was removed. Intratracheal neurilemmoma is an extremely rare neoplasm, and only 34 cases were previously reported worldwide. The most common presentation is airway obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult, and radiographic techniques are helpful for diagnosis. Bronchoscopy is recommended for diagnosis, biopsy, and resection of the tumor. Long-term follow-up after simple enucleation is required.     

气管支气管结核的支气管镜诊治分析

目的分析46例气管支气管结核患者诊治情况及分析诊治过程中误诊、延迟诊断原因。方法分析46例患者支气管镜检查前误诊病因、镜下表现与刷检、黏膜活检、临床表现、气道狭窄情况。结果非呼吸专科医师就诊或诊所就诊39例,至诊断气管支气管结核时间1月~3年,中位数时间42天;2例患者首次支气管镜检查就发现中心气道狭窄,治疗后共有5例患者出现不同程度气道狭窄。7例患者住院支气管镜检查后诊断支气管结核,诊断气管支气管结核中位数时间为7.5天,治疗后未发生气道狭窄。两组在诊断时间上比较,P0.05,差异有统计学意义;两组在气道狭窄发生率上比较,P0.05,差异无统计学意义。结论气管支气管结核容易被非呼吸专科医师误诊,提高医师认知,及时行支气管镜检查、治疗,才能减少并发症的发生。     

Combined effects of ozone and cigarette smoke on airway responsiveness and vascular permeability in guinea pigs

The effects of combined exposure to ozone and cigarette smoke on airway responsiveness and tracheal vascular permeability, compared with those of single exposure were examined in guinea pigs. Airway responsiveness was assessed by measuring the specific airway resistance (sRaw) as a function of increasing concentration of inhaled methacholine aerosol immediately, 5 hr, and 24 hr after exposure. In a parallel study, tracheal vascular permeability was quantified by measuring the tracheal extravasation of intravenously administered Evans blue dye. Neither exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 30 min nor 5 puffs of cigarette smoke increased airway responsiveness or vascular permeability at any time after exposure. Combined exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 30 min and 5 puffs of cigarette smoke caused airway hyperresponsiveness and increased vascular permeability immediately after exposure. Exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 90 min increased both airway responsiveness and vascular permeability immediately after exposure. Exposure to 10 puffs of cigarette smoke increased airway responsiveness but not vascular permeability immediately after exposure. Combined exposure to 1 ppm ozone for 90 min and 10 puffs of cigarette smoke increased both airway responsiveness and vascular permeability immediately after exposure. The combined exposure to ozone and cigarette smoke thus increased both airway responsiveness and tracheal vascular permeability to a greater extent than did exposure to a single agent, suggesting that a combination of air pollutants has a more deleterious effect both on airway responsiveness and on tracheal vascular permeability than does either agent alone in guinea pigs. Offprint requests to: T. Okubo     

Interventional bronchoscopy in the treatment of tracheal obstruction secondary to advanced thyroid cancer

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the choice treatment for symptomatic tracheal obstruction due to malignant thyroid disease. Few additional therapeutic alternatives are available: radiotherapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT) or radioiodine therapy (1311). Only few studies on interventional bronchoscopy (IB) as well as alternative or palliative procedures have been reported so far. This study is a retrospective report of results of IB performed in patients with severe tracheal obstruction due to advanced thyroid cancer. SETTING: Pulmonary and Endocrinology Units of a University Hospital. Patients and interventions: From January 2, 2000 to March 1, 2004 14 consecutive patients [5 males, mean age: 62.2+/-10.7 (SD) yr] underwent IB due to tracheal obstruction for anaplastic (ATC: 7 patients), differentiated (DTC: 5), medullary (MTC: 1) and non-epithelial malignant (NEMN: 1) thyroid cancer. Eight out of 14 patients had local advanced inoperable disease, 6 had local relapse after surgery, 1311 or RT. Ten out of 14 patients suffered from severe dyspnea. In 4 patients airway patency was maintained by insertion of a stent; in 3 the tracheal lesion was removed by Nd-YAG laser; in 7 both procedures were performed. RESULTS: All 10 patients with dyspnea showed an improvement in symptoms. Early and late complications were observed in 4 and in 3 patients, respectively. All but 4 DTC patients died 11.9+/-14.2 months after the diagnosis (4.20+/-5.1 after IB). In 4 DTC patients still alive 90.7+/-59.2 since diagnosis and 16.7+/-9.2 months since IB, the airway dilatations allowed further treatments like 131-I and/or RT. CONCLUSIONS: Interventional bronchoscopy, including Nd-YAG laser and airways stenting are alternatives to surgery in inoperable thyroid-induced tracheal obstruction. Moreover, airway dilatation improves dyspnea and may allow further treatment.     

Indications and interventional options for non-resectable tracheal stenosis

Non-specific presentation and normal examination findings in early disease often result in tracheal obstruction being overlooked as a diagnosis until patients present acutely. Once diagnosed, surgical options should be considered, but often patient co-morbidity necessitates other interventional options. Non-resectable tracheal stenosis can be successfully managed by interventional bronchoscopy, with therapeutic options including airway dilatation, local tissue destruction and airway stenting. There are common aspects to the management of tracheal obstruction, tracheomalacia and tracheal fistulae. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, presentation, investigation and management of tracheal disease, with a focus on tracheal obstruction and the role of endotracheal intervention in management.KEYWORDS : Airway stent, laser therapy, rigid bronchoscopy, tracheal stenosis, large airway obstruction     

纤支镜和透视下放置支架治疗肿瘤性重度气道狭窄

目的观察纤支镜联合透视导向下放置镍钛记忆合金支架治疗晚期肿瘤导致的气道狭窄的疗效。方法选取6例因晚期肿瘤所致气管或支气管重度狭窄的患者,在纤支镜联合透视导向下放置镍钛记忆合金支架。结果6例患者置入支架后呼吸困难立即缓解,一般情况好转,收到立竿见影的效果。3～7d复查纤支镜支架无移位,管腔通畅。结论使用镍钛记忆合金支架治疗晚期肿瘤引起的气道狭窄的疗效可即刻缓解气道狭窄和改善患者生活质量,方法简单,易行,疗效可靠。     

Acute airway compromise due to tracheal mucocele

Two cases of patients with acute airway compromise due to benign tracheal mucocele are presented. In each, the diagnosis was made by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Each patient developed the acute episode at 12 months of age following an upper airway infection. The mucoceles were "unroofed" and drained through rigid bronchoscopes. Both patients had been intubated following premature birth; trauma to the tracheal mucosa is proposed as the etiologic factor in the development of these mucoceles.     

Acute exposure to cigarette smoke induces airway hyperresponsiveness without airway inflammation in guinea pigs. Dose-response characteristics

We examined whether acute exposure to a low dose of cigarette smoke causes an increase in airway responsiveness in guinea pigs and whether the changes in airway responsiveness are accompanied by increased vascular permeability or neutrophil influx in the trachea. Animals were divided into four groups: groups exposed to 5, 10, or 20 puffs of cigarette smoke and a control group. Airway responsiveness was assessed by measuring specific airway resistance (SRaw) as a function of increasing concentration of inhaled methacholine (Mch) aerosol immediately, 5 h, and 24 h after exposure. In parallel studies, tracheal vascular permeability was quantified by measuring the tracheal extravasation of intravenously administered Evans blue dye, and neutrophil influx into the tracheal mucosa was quantified by counting cells within whole mounts of tracheas that were stained with Giemsa. Exposure to 5 puffs of cigarette smoke caused no changes in airway responsiveness. Exposure to 10 puffs induced airway hyperresponsiveness only immediately after exposure. Exposure to 20 puffs induced airway hyperresponsiveness not only immediately but also 5 h after exposure. There was a significant correlation between the dose (puffs) of cigarette smoke and increase in airway responsiveness immediately after exposure (r = 0.77; p less than 0.001). The tracheal extravasation of intravenously administered Evans blue dye and the number of neutrophils in the tracheal mucosa did not differ significantly from the corresponding control values at any time or in any exposed group. Furthermore, none of these changes was observed in the airways distal to the trachea of any animal immediately after exposure to 20 puffs of cigarette smoke.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Laryngotracheobronchial involvement in a patient with nonendemic rhinoscleroma

We report the first case of rhinoscleroma in an Israeli citizen, a former sailor with a transatlantic shipping company. Characteristic histologic changes from a tracheal biopsy and isolation of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis from a blood culture after diagnostic bronchoscopy confirmed the diagnosis. Extreme delay in the diagnosis, a not uncommon feature in nonendemic areas, was associated with severe advanced laryngotracheobronchial disease. Treatment with quinolones was followed by significant improvement, but the patient died 1 month after presentation, apparently from upper airway obstruction.