CR与屏/片系统乳腺摄影影像质量的比对研究

目的:调研北京地区所用的CR乳腺摄影影像质量情况,为卫生行政管理部门决策提供实测参考数据.材料与方法:在同样条件下分别用屏/片、CR摄取同一个标准乳腺模体的影像,参照美国MQSA标准,由临床专家和影像检测技术人员盲评其空间分辨率和可分辨微钙化点簇数、纤维条数及半球状肿块数.结果与讨论:富士(FUJI)公司的FCRPROFECTCS系统的影像质量和柯达(KODAK)公司最新屏/片的影像质量比较接近:空间分辨率7～8Lp/mm为屏/片影像的一半,其他三项则与屏/片影像持平.FCR PROFECT CS系统DQE较高,用屏/片摄影一半剂量摄影,临床专家已区分不出是屏/片影像还是FCRPROFECTCS系统的CR影像;所调查的其他型号CR影像质量均比屏/片系统差,可分辨微钙化点的尺寸大于0.2mm,这些类型CR不适合用于乳癌普查.     

CR影像处理参数调节原理及优化方法

目的：研究CR影像密度、对比度、组织均衡、空间频率、LUT曲线等计算机X线摄影影像处理参数的调节原理及优化方法。方法：应用Konica REGIUS MODELl70 CR，在其控制台CS-1上调节各种影像参数。结果：可以优化人体各部位影像，提高影像质量。结论：全面掌握了计算机X线摄影处理参数的调节方法，并合理有效地组合运用．就能够获得优质医学影像。     

数字化CR乳腺摄影临床应用及探讨

目的：探讨数字化CR乳腺钼靶X线摄影及普通屏，胶摄影。方法：各抽取200例乳腺钼靶X线摄影进行质量比较。结果：数字化CR乳腺钼靶摄影图像诊断质量高于普通屏，胶图像诊断质量。结论：数字化CR钼靶对乳腺肿瘤周围的改变．如细小钙化、毛刺症或小的结节能清晰显示。     

Operation of mammographic room equipped with CR system for digital mammography

The CR system for digital mammography, its operating procedures, and the throughput of a mammographic room equipped with the CR system are discussed. Recommendations for optimization of the mammographic room operation are given. Advantages of the CR system for digital mammography over conventional roentgenographic systems are described.     

Diagnostic image (304). A woman with microcalcifications at mammography

A 72-year-old woman had temporary microcalcifications in the nipple area at mammography, possibly caused by skin care products.     

对乳腺癌计算机X线成像钼靶影像诊断价值的研究

目的:研究计算机X线(CR)成像钼靶影像诊断乳腺癌的临床价值.方法:选取经手术病理证实的且术前接受计算机X线成像钼靶检查的20例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,在充分分析CR影像表现的基础上,和病理结果进行比较.结果:在20例乳腺癌患者中,经钼靶CR得以诊断的有17例,准确率高达85％,且能够比较清晰地显示乳腺癌的相关征象.结论:对于乳腺癌临床诊断而言,计算机X线成像钼靶影像是最常用的诊断方法之一,不仅具有较高的诊断准确率,同时还能比较理想的显示乳腺癌所具有的x线表现特点,表现出了良好的临床应用价值.     

A survey of radiation dose and image quality in mammography: an ongoing program in Italy

A program for mammography optimization in individual x-ray units, named Dose and Quality in Mammography (DQM), is now underway in Italy. The project has three stages: measurement of the parameters that affect dose and image quality by means of devices that are practical to use (specifically designed for the purpose), analysis of data to evaluate dose and image quality and suggestion of possible improvements to each unit operator. Instruments and methods employed in our survey are described. Our results, like those of the American survey (Je78) Breast Exposure: Nationwide Trends (BENT), show widespread variations of exposure, half value layer (HVL), optical density, dose and resolution. Facilities using the same type of x-ray apparatus (Mo target-Mo filter) and film-screen combinations present very different exposure values, ranging from 1.6 X 10(-4) to 27.6 X 10(-4) C kg-1. The causes of these variations--ascribable to the individual units, radiologist preferences, processing condition, kVp indicator and timer accuracy--are being explored.     

CR影像板使用及维护的探讨

计算机X射线摄影使用影像板采集X射线影像信息，影像板性能的好坏以及是否能正确的使用，直接影响到图像的质量，所以，要得到高质量的影像，既要选择适宜的曝光量，又要正确、合理地使用影像板，定期对影像板进行日常的维护。     

彩色多普勒超声联合钼靶X射线影像在乳腺癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨联合应用彩色多普勒超声(以下简称为超声)与钼靶X射线2种检查方法诊断乳腺癌的价值。 方法选择2014年1～11月,在苏州大学附属第二医院经术后组织病理检查确诊的98例乳腺癌患者为研究对象,共摘除乳腺肿块112枚。总结98例患者术前超声、钼靶X射线检查的声像学图像特征,并以术后组织病理检查为金标准,比较超声、钼靶X射线单独及联合使用对诊断乳腺癌的差异。 结果本组112枚乳腺肿块的声像学图像特征如下。①超声：乳腺肿块形态不规则为96%(107/112)、边界不清为88%(99/112)、低回声为86%(96/112)、内部回声不均匀为85%(95/112)。②钼靶X射线：乳腺肿块形态不规则、内部回声不均匀的高密度肿块,与周围组织分界不清。③超声、钼靶X射线单独诊断乳腺癌的诊断准确率比较(83.04% vs 78.57%),差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.72,P＝0.400);超声联合钼靶X射线诊断乳腺癌准确率(91.96%)显著高于二者单独检查的准确率,且差异均有统计学意义(χ²＝4.08,P＝0.040;χ²＝8.00, P＝0.005)。 结论超声与钼靶X射线是诊断乳腺癌的重要影像学检查方法,二者联合应用可提高乳腺癌诊断的准确性,可为临床医师进行乳腺癌的术前评估和预后评价提供指导意义。     

IP板对CR影像质量影响探讨

IP板是CR影像系统的重要组成部分,本文通过我院近几年由于IP板原因产生影像质量问题的各种原因分析,探讨如何正确使用IP板,提高CR的影像质量.     

Overdiagnosis in organised mammography screening in Denmark. A comparative study

Background  

Overdiagnosis in cancer screening is the detection of cancer lesions that would otherwise not have been detected. It is arguably the most important harm. We quantified overdiagnosis in the Danish mammography screening programme, which is uniquely suited for this purpose, as only 20% of the Danish population has been offered organised mammography screening over a long time-period.     

CR影像板吸盘器的制作与应用

本文介绍了CR影像板吸盘器的制作,使用方法及效果。     

医学图像处理中滤波技术的研究

利用Matlab7．0的图像处理工具箱对医学图像进行不同种类的滤波处理，去除各种不同信号噪声干扰，提高信噪比．为医学图像的细微观察和分析提供了简便快捷的方法。     

Comparative study between film mammography and xeromammography; including specimen radiography

We retrospectively evaluated preoperative film- and xeromammography of 23 cases with breast cancers, and compared with postoperative specimen radiography to assess tumor delineation and microcalcification detectability. In tumor detection and margin delineation, film mammography was superior to xeromammography, and in microcalcification, film mammography was equal to xeromammography. These results had a effect on the diagnosis of breast cancers.     

柯达CR500工作站软件维护与数据库图像数据恢复

本文介绍了柯达CR500T作站软件的安装方法，以及数据库图像数据丢失后的恢复方法。     

Zernike矩在医学图像处理中的应用

矩技术是描述图像特征的一种有效方法,在图像处理的各个领域得到了广泛应用.Zernike矩是一种连续正交矩,可以描述图像形状的全局特征,其最重要的性质是具有旋转不变性.Zernike矩能够构造任意的高阶矩,较容易地从矩特征中对图像进行重构,具有最小的信息冗余,并且对噪声不敏感、鲁棒性好.目前,在医学图像处理中Zernike矩较多应用于边缘检测和图像配准领域.Zernike矩可以达到亚像素级的边缘定位,且抗干扰性强;基于Zernike矩的配准代价函数降低了需要对比的自由度对数,从而显著减少了迭代次数;利用Zernike矩作为图像特征点描述子的算法,在图像存在比例缩放、旋转等情况下具有良好的配准效果.     

人工神经网络在图像处理中的应用

图像处理是包含丰富内容和具有广阔应用领域的研究学科。近几年来,作为具有自组织、自学习和联想功能的人工神经网络理论已成功地应用于图像处理的许多方面,神经网络应用于图像处理的主要思路是：把原始图像或经过适当预处理的图像作为网络的输入信号,在网络的输出端得到处理后的图像信号或分类结果。     

对数运算在X射线机图像处理中的运用

通过对X射线在物质中的指数衰减规律及衰减系数的分析,提出用对数运算的方式对图像数据进行处理,提高图像的灰度鉴别等级,满足临床上对图像灰度等级的更高要求。     

Factors associated with mammography screening among Reunionese women : a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo explore the factors associated with the uptake of mammography screening in Reunionese women aged 50-65 years.MethodsThis study included all women aged 50 to 65 years participating in a population-based cross-sectional study "FOSFORE". Participants were recruited between March and June 2017 using two sampling frames. The first frame consisted of households with a landline telephone, with or without a mobile line, by first randomly generating a telephone number and then randomly selecting an individual from among all eligible women in the household. The second sampling frame was constituted of women with an exclusive mobile line, who were selected directly if they met the eligibility criteria. Data were weighted for age and socio-professional status to ensure representativeness at the Reunion Island level. Weighted logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios while adjusting for confounders.Results417 women were included in the study; 63.8% were up to date with guidelines on mammography screening and 36.2% were not up to date. Four factors were significantly associated with mammography screening, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.92 (95% CI 1.51–5.61) for not having an Active Solidarity Income, 1.98 (95% CI 1.22–3.23) for having a regular gynecological follow-up by a physician, 6.53 (95% CI 3.23–13.21) for performing a Pap smear test in the past two years, and 2.07 (95% CI 1.21–3.52) for having an adequate literacy level (HLQ3).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that higher socio-economic status is an indicator of participation in mammography screening in La Réunion, and future educational and intervention programs should target women in deprived areas.