Collagen birefringence in skin repair in response to red polarized-laser therapy

We use the optical path difference (OPD) technique to quantify the organization of collagen fibers during skin repair of full-thickness burns following low-intensity polarized laser therapy with two different polarization incidence vectors. Three burns are cryogenerated on the back of rats. Lesion L(parallel) is irradiated using the electric field vector of the polarized laser radiation aligned in parallel with the rat's occipital-caudal direction. Lesion L(perpendicular) is irradiated using the electric field vector of the polarized laser radiation aligned perpendicularly to the aforementioned orientation. Lesion C is untreated. A healthy area labeled H is also evaluated. The tissue samples are collected and processed for polarized light microscopy. The overall finding is that the OPD for collagen fibers depends on the electric field vector of the incident polarized laser radiation. No significant differences in OPDs are observed between L(parallel) and H in the center, sides, and edges of the lesion. Lesions irradiated using the electric field vector of the polarized laser radiation aligned in parallel with the rat's occipital-caudal direction show higher birefringence, indicating that collagen bundles in these lesions are more organized.     

Intracavitary laser therapy and its effect on the kallikrein-kinin system of blood in children with pneumothorax

The article presents the results of low-intensity laser application in complex treatment of 137 children with acute purulent destructive pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax with bronchial fistulas. A method of intracavitary laser therapy, developed in the clinic, allowed obliteration of bronchopleural fistulas without application of bronchial occlusion and other invasive techniques. Evaluation of the kallikrein-kinin system of blood revealed prominent reduction of kininogenesis in most (87%) patients upon admission (3 weeks after the onset of the disease), which is an important link of the pathogenesis of late stages of complicated acute purulent lung destruction in children. The study also demonstrated that low-intensity laser emission modulates pyoinflammatory process due to its effect on cell-mediated immunity, neutrophilic phagocytosis and the kallikrein-kinin system of blood. Intracavitary laser therapy is the treatment of choice in children with acute purulent destructive pneumonia complicated by pneumothorax with bronchial fistulas. Application of intracavitary laser therapy in complex therapy of complicated acute purulent lung destruction in children allowed discharge from the hospital 5 to 7 day earlier, and prevented lung inflammatory process chronization. None of the patients have died within last 10 years.     

Monitoring of the Effect of Low-Intensity Laser Radiation with Constant Pulse Generation on Neutrophil Granulocytes <Emphasis Type="Italic">in Vitro</Emphasis>

We studied the effect of low-intensity laser radiation with constant pulse generation on bactericidal activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, in particular, on their capacity to form extracellular structures, so-called extracellular neutrophil traps. It was found that exposure to low-intensity laser radiation with constant pulse generation enhanced bactericidal activity of neutrophilic granulocytes, which manifested in the increase of the percent of neutrophils forming extracellular neutrophil traps.     

肾移植与物理治疗

背景：选择正确的方案防治肾移植并发症有助于提高移植肾的近远期存活效果。 目的：探讨肾移植术后并发症的物理治疗效果。 方法：由作者应用计算机检索维普数据库中肾移植与物理疗法有关文献,检索时限为1998-01/2010-10。检索关键词：肾移植;并发症;物理治疗。纳入标准：①选取针对性强,相关度高的文献。②排除一些重复性研究或较陈旧文献。对资料进行初审,并查看每篇文献后的引文。检索文献30篇,其中18篇文献符合标准。 结果与结论：同种异体肾移植后大剂量免疫抑制剂的应用,降低了机体抵抗力,增加了各种疾病的感染因素。在药物综合治疗的基础上,采用传统的针灸疗法、紫外线照射、低能量氦-氖激光照射、高频电疗法等多种局部的物理疗法可控制感染、促进创面愈合、缩短病程、减少后遗症。     

Laser doppler flowmetry as a method for evaluating the microwave radiation effect on cutaneous microcirculation.

It is demonstrated that laser Doppler flowmetry can be used to evaluate the effect of low-intensity microwave radiation on cutaneous microcirculation.     

Laser treatment of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis]

Helium-neon laser therapy of patients suffering from mixed and nephrotic glomerulonephritis demonstrated hypotensive, diuretic and fibrinolytic activity boosting clinical effects. The use of the new treatment method seems to be justified, since all the patients given laser therapy manifested pronounced resistance to the pathogenetic therapy carried out previously (glucocorticoids, cytostatics, hypotensive and diuretic drugs). The presence of diverse effects and lack of complications suggest a broader-scale use of laser therapy in nephrology. At present the authors are analyzing the ++patho-chemical bases of the therapeutic efficacy of laser therapy of patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis. The results will be reported in the next paper.     

Comparative Characteristics of the Methods of Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis Using Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy (Per One Visit) and Calasept Preparation

Background

The article describes the results of research on efficiency of using antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in treatment of chronic periodontitis.

Principles of Development of Multifunctional Equipment for Low-Intensity Laser and Magnetolaser Therapy

Principles of development of multifunctional equipment for low-intensity laser and magnetolaser therapy were developed for: local and zonal external magnetolaser therapy; internal laser therapy; photoblockage intrajoint and intratissue therapy; intravascular laser therapy using disposable intravenous tips; transcutaneous laser-induced blood therapy; laser-induced acupuncture of biologically active points. The apparatus is based on laser diodes and a collimator. Varying the collimator–diode distance regulates therapeutic efficacy. Internal therapy is based on an optical lightguide.     

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT): A novel treatment of cancer based on sonosensitizer liposome as a new drug carrier

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Chemotherapy is one of the main means of cancer treatment. Conventional chemotherapy agents kill rapidly proliferating cells, resulting in some of the most common side effects of chemotherapy. Liposome-encapsulated drugs offer the possibility to increase target efficacy as well as reducing toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, the target specificity of liposome is dissatisfied. We urgently need to develop new approaches to improving drug target efficacy. Recently, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of cancer, which is based on preferential uptake and retention of a sonosensitizer in tumor tissues and subsequent activation of drug by ultrasound radiation, is a developing field. In this article, we propose the use of sonosensitizers in combination with liposome to target chemotherapy drugs directly to tumor cells. SDT with low-intensity ultrasound combined with a sonosensitizer may be a promising approach to cancer therapy.     

Carcinoma of the esophagus seen in a 12-year period at Queens Hospital Center.

One hundred forty patients with carcinoma of the esophagus treated over a 12-year period at Queens Hospital Center were reviewed. Comparable numbers of patients were assigned at random to radiation therapy alone, surgical treatment with radiation, or treatment with combinations of radiation and chemotherapy pre- or postoperatively. Surgical mortality (survival 1 month or less) was 9 patients of 34, or approximately 26%. Mean survival including the early deaths was 7.5 months. Deaths were primarily due to respiratory tract complications, either alone or in combination, with three cases of anastomotic leaks, sepsis, inanition, and progressing carcinoma. Fifty-two patients received radiation therapy alone. Although there were only six deaths (10%) within the first month of treatment, average survival was 8.4 months, only marginally greater than those treated by surgery. Of 13 patients treated with combined radiation and chemotherapy, no deaths occurred within the first month of treatment, but the average survival was only 6.5 months. Of nine patients treated with chemotherapy alone, no deaths occurred within the first month of treatment, but mean survival of this small group was only 4.9 months. Efficacy of chemotherapy and radiation therapy as definitive, adjuvant, or palliative therapy, in spite of recent somewhat optimistic reports, remains to be proven. Exploratory surgery should be retained as an essential staging and therapeutic modality in those patients in whom definite evidence establishing inoperability is lacking; ie, tumor fixation to vital structures, distant metastases, and other medical contraindications to surgery. Endoscopic instrumentation with the yttrium aluminum garnet laser appears to have a future as preliminary to surgery or definitive (palliative) management of obstructing esophageal carcinoma.     

Electromagnetic Oscillations as a Factor Modulating Blood Neutrophil Function

Effects of various physical factors of electromagnetic nature on the synthetic and phagocytic activities of neutrophils were studied in vitro on the blood of patients with breast cancer. We found that alternating magnetic field, low-intensity laser, photodiod radiation, and their combinations induced mobilization of blood neutrophil function.     

Mechanism of laser radiation action at tissue and cellular levels

The paper describes the action of low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) and high-intensity one (HILR) on biological tissues. LILR produces its action on cells by changing the membranous formations-receptors and ion channels. At cardiac surgery, HILR stimulates uncontractile myocardial elements, by inducing the secretion of biologically active substances and the activation of enzyme systems that ensure the implementation of neoangiogenesis in the ischemic myocardium.     

Effect of low-intensity laser radiation on cells

Low-intensity (0.89 μ) laser irradiation of mast cells in rat mesentery in various combinations of power and exposure modifies their functional activity. Enhanced degranulation was observed at 18–25 mW beam power and 15–30 sec exposure. The modes of radiation that did not promote degranulation, changed the form of the cells, which indicates a membranotropic effect of low-intensity laser radiation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 397–399, October, 1999     

Membranotropic effect of low-intensity laser radiation of the blood

We have examined the effect of a low-intensity laser radiation (wavelength 630 nm, beam power 1 mW) on the aggregability of blood platelets, acidic tolerance of erythrocytes, and the structure of their membranes. Laser radiation suppressed platelet aggregability induced by ATP, epinephrine, collagen, platelet activating factor, and fibrinogen and enhanced the resistance of the erythrocytes. It decreased the microviscosity of lipid bilayer and of the membrane protein-lipid contact regions and slowed down lipid peroxidation. These findings attest to a direct membranotropic effect of laser radiation, which is particularly strong in the protein-lipid contact regions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 10, pp. 412–415, October, 1998     

Morphofuctional aspects of antitumor activity of low-intensity microwave resonance radiation in experiment

Effects of low-intensity microwave radiation with bioactive frequency were studied in rats with transplanted sarcoma 45. After exposure to microwave radiation in the regimen of activation therapy, the antitumor effect was observed in 50% animals (marked inhibition of tumor growth or its partial regression). Light and electron microscopy revealed destructive changes in the tumor tissue, accumulation of activation of immune system cells, and signs of the increase in tumor cell differentiation.     

Mechanism of Therapeutic Effect of Low-Intensity Infrared Laser Radiation

The effect of infrared low-intensity laser irradiation on functional activity of blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes was studied in vitro. A dose-dependent priming of polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by infrared low-intensity laser irradiation was demonstrated. Similar effects were also observed in the presence of the photosensitizer photosense.     

Treatment effects in the prostate including those associated with traditional and emerging therapies

Classic treatment options for prostate cancer consist of radical prostatectomy, antiandrogen (or hormonal) therapy, and radiation therapy. Hormonal and radiation therapy, in particular, have well known, often profound effects on the histologic appearance of benign prostate tissue and prostatic carcinoma. The tissue changes induced by these treatments have been comprehensively described in several sources. Novel therapies ranging from focal ablative treatments to highly targeted molecular therapies are beginning to emerge and pathologists will play a central role in documenting the effects of these treatments on normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is therefore important that pathologists have access to basic treatment information and a solid working knowledge of the morphologic changes induced by these therapies. This will ensure accurate interpretation and reporting of posttreatment prostate specimens. This review is based on a presentation given by Dr A. Evans at the International Society of Urological Pathology Companion Society Meeting (Hot Topics in Urological Pathology) at The United States Canadian Academy of Pathology Meeting in Washington DC on March 20, 2010. This review will cover the histopathologic features seen in benign prostate tissue and prostatic carcinoma seen following: hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, ablative therapies such as vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy, interstitial laser thermotherapy, and high-intensity focussed ultrasound. An emphasis is placed on these specific modalities as they are currently in use as primary, salvage, or investigational therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer.     

Effect of Transplantation of Fetal Liver Tissue on Regenerative Activity of Hepatocytes in Normal Rats

Regenerative activity of hepatocytes was studied in rats after transplantation of fetal liver tissue preexposed to low-intensity laser. Stimulation of the mitotic activity of hepatocytes by fetal liver tissue exposed to low-intensity laser is proven.     

Laser therapy of glaucoma

The introduction of argon-laser iridotomy and argon-laser trabeculoplasty have had a beneficial impact on the treatment of glaucoma. Recent attention has been given to complications of anterior segment laser therapy. Of most concern is an acute rise in intraocular pressure which may be as great as 20 mmHg. Since patients undergoing anterior segment laser therapy usually have pre-existing visual compromise, this rise in intraocular pressure may be detrimental. This pressure rise rarely requires surgery. Until long-term follow-up is available, and complications are better understood, these new treatment modalities should be employed with caution.     

颅内生殖细胞瘤适形调强放射治疗及剂量学研究

目的应用半野和适形调强全脑全脊髓放射治疗技术治疗颅内生殖细胞瘤,评价其疗效及毒性反应。方法 12例颅内生殖细胞瘤患者,其中男性10例,女性2例;年龄15～28岁,中位年龄21岁。给予CT模拟定位,采用半野和适形调强放射治疗技术治疗,全脑全脊髓的放射治疗剂量为25.2 Gy（14次）,肿瘤病灶的放射治疗总剂量为45 Gy（25次）,每天每次1.8 Gy,5次/周,治疗后及随后每3个月评价1次疗效,随访时间为1～60个月,中位随访时间36个月。结果放射治疗结束后评价,完全缓解11例,部分缓解1例,近期临床受益率为100%。除1例失访外,其余11例均生存。放射治疗剂量学研究：经适形调强优化后的技术剂量分布优于常规定位技术,定位时间明显缩短[（8.83±1.55）s vs（40.8±2.4）s]。结论半野技术结合适形调强放射治疗技术治疗颅内生殖细胞瘤,优化了放射治疗剂量学,操作方便,疗效好,并发症少。