可逆性胆硷酯酶抑制剂二甲氨基甲酸-5-二氢吲哚酯的合成

为了深入研究催醒宁类化合物的结构与抑酶活性的关系,设计合成了-系列1-,3-或5-位不同取代的二氢吲哚类衍生物(中间体和终产物共24个新化合物)。中间体1,3-二甲基-5-烷氧基-2-二氢吲哚酮(A)的C₃烷化。采用相转移催化方法进行;反应中还分离到三个副产物(Ⅶ～Ⅸ)。初筛结果表明:这些化合物大多有较强的抑酶活性;1,3-或5-位取代基的改变均明显影响其活性。     

毒扁豆碱类似物抑制胆碱酯酶构效关系的研究

测定了２９个毒扁豆碱类似物的抑制胆碱酯酶活性，对其结构与抑菌活性强度、抑制时间及毒性之间的关系进行了探讨，结果表明：（１）去掉毒扁豆碱的第二个并吡咯环可保持抑酶活性并降低毒性和延长作用时间。（２）胺甲酰氧侧链氮原子上选用较长碳链烷基亦可保持抑酶活性并降低毒性和延长作用时间。（３）二氢吲哚环１位和３位选择较小的烷基取代基时活性较高。     

去甲乌药碱类衍生物的合成及其心血管活性

去甲乌药碱(demethylcoclaurine,DMC)具有正性肌力作用,但同时能使心率加快。本文以 C 环对位羟基被硝基取代的DMC 活性衍生物为先导化合物,设计合成了A 环不同位置有不同数目—OCH_3或—OH取代的二氢和四氢异喹啉衍生物共24个。     

海洋生物碱eudistomin U及其衍生物的研究(Ⅰ)

目的设计合成eudistominU及其 6位甲氧基取代的衍生物并测试其抗肿瘤活性。方法以吲哚 3 甲醛和色胺或 5 甲氧基色胺为原料先缩合 ,再通过Pictet Spengler反应环合得到四氢 β 咔啉 ,然后用DDQ脱氢芳构化得到目标化合物。结果合成了eudistominU及其 6位甲氧基取代的衍生物 ,利用核磁共振、质谱进行了结构确认。结论合成了海洋生物碱eudistominU及其 6位甲氧基取代的衍生物 ,初步体外抗肿瘤试验结果表明两者均具有较强的抗肿瘤活性     

二氢青蒿素-查尔酮杂合物的设计、合成及其抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计合成二氢青蒿素-查尔酮杂合物,提高二氢青蒿素类化合物对白血病细胞的生长抑制活性。方法将取代查尔酮以醚键拼合到二氢青蒿素的C-10位,设计并合成了29个二氢青蒿素-查尔酮杂合物。采用细胞计数法测定目标化合物对人白血病HL-60细胞的生长抑制作用。结果得到了29个含有查尔酮侧链的二氢青蒿素衍生物,均为未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经1H-NMR、MS和IR谱确证。所有目标化合物对人白血病HL-60细胞都有不同程度的生长抑制作用。结论所有目标化合物对HL-60细胞株的生长抑制活性均强于二氢青蒿素,GI50值均小于0.10μmol·L-1。连接链的改变、查尔酮A环和B环的调换以及取代基的改变对化合物活性的影响没有显著差异。     

可逆性胆碱酯酶抑制剂:二甲氨基甲酸-5-(1,3,3-三甲基-6-取代基)吲哚满酯的合成

催醒宁(I,R=H,R′X=HCl)对胆碱酯酶的抑制作用较强,但稳定性较差,作用时间较短。推测可能与其酯基易于水解有关。鉴于催醒宁结构中的氨基甲酸酯是抑酶作用的药效基团,酯基被水解后,抑酶活性即消失,我们设想,如果在催醒宁结构中的酯基邻位上引入取代基,利用其空间效应的影响,使酯基增加对水解的稳定性,或有可能达到延长作用时间的目的。因此,我们合成了二甲氨基甲酸-5-(1,3,3-三甲基-6-取代基)吲哚满酯盐酸盐和季铵盐(Ⅰ_(1～14),表1),以探索取代基对抑酶强度和作用时间的影响。     

头孢菌素类的现行使用法

头孢菌素是一类广谱半合成β-内酰胺抗生素。它们的7-氨基头孢霉烷酸,或头孢烯母核由β-内酰胺环与二氢噻嗪环稠合组成。在3位上的侧链取代基常常影响动力学的性质及个别药物的代谢稳定性,而在7位或7α位上的侧链取代基则影响其抗菌谱和对β-内酰胺酶的稳定性。具有7α-甲氧基取代基的头霉素类[如:头孢西丁(Cefoxitin)]和     

4-噻吩基取代二氢吡啶新衍生物的合成

目的：设计并合成了4个4－噻吩基取代二氢吡啶新衍生物。方法：二氢吡环的4位引入电子等排体噻吩基，5位引入阿司区林，香豆素等。结果与结论：4个化合物的结构经^1HNMR,MS确证。     

N~5-甲基四氢叶酸类似物的合成及其蛋氨酸合成酶抑制活性研究

目的在蛋氨酸合成酶抑制剂先导化合物的基础上设计合成4-氨基-8,10-二去氮杂-N~5-取代四氢叶酸类似物和4-氨基-8-去氮杂-N~5,N10-二取代四氢叶酸类似物,并对其蛋氨酸合成酶(MS)抑制活性进行评价,以考察N~5位和N10位酰基取代基对活性的影响,寻找新的活性更高的蛋氨酸合成酶抑制剂。方法以2,4-二氨基-6-溴甲基吡啶并[3,2-d]嘧啶为原料,经Wittig反应、还原反应、酰胺化及水解反应合成目标化合物;采用分光光度法对目标化合物的蛋氨酸合成酶抑制活性进行考察。结果与结论合成了10个未见文献报道的目标化合物,其结构均经~1H-NMR、MS谱确证。生物活性结果表明,目标化合物Ⅰc和Ⅱa对蛋氨酸合成酶的抑制活性优于先导化合物7a。     

新霉胺类似物的合成与RNA结合和生物活性评价

为了提高新霉胺对16S rRNA的亲和力，合成了Ⅱ环5位修饰的新霉胺类似物。以新霉素B为原料，经水解，保护，亲核取代，脱保护，叠氮还原多步反应得到氨基或氨基链修饰的新霉胺类似物。用表面等离子共振法测定了所合成的化合物与大肠杆菌（E.coli．）核糖体A位点rRNA（16S RNA）的相互作用。合成了6个Ⅱ环5-位修饰的新霉胺类似物，发现Ⅱ环5位氨基链修饰可以增强化合物对16S RNA的亲和力，其中一些化合物在10^-3M有体外细菌抑制活性。在新霉胺的Ⅱ环5位引入氨基或脂肪胺可以增加与16S RNA的亲和力。Ⅱ环5位上羟基的构型改变对于药物／16S RNA复合物稳定性的影响较低。     

Synthesis and Calcium Channel Antagonist Activity of 3-Arylmethyl 5-Isopropyl l,4-Dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-(pyridyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates

Unsymmetrical aryl(heteroaryl)methyl isopropyl ester analogues of nifedipine, in which the 2-nitrophenyl group at C-4 is replaced by a 2- or 3-pyridyl substituent, were synthesized and evaluated as calcium-channel antagonists using guinea pig ileal longitudinal smooth muscle. The point of attachment of the C-4 pyridyl substituent was a determinant of activity where the relative potency order was 2-pyridyl > 3-pyridyl. Within the C-4 2-pyridyl series of compounds, an electronegative substituent such as a trifluoromethyl or bromo at the 4 position of the benzyl ester substituent or a nitrogen atom at the 1 position of a 4-pyridylmethyl ester substituent, enhanced activity relative to the unsubstituted benzyl ester analogue. In contrast, in the C-4 3-pyridyl class of compounds, a variety of aryl(heteroaryl)methyl ester substituents did not alter potency to any significant extent. A number of compounds in the C-4 2-pyridyl series possessing 4-pyridylmethyl, 4-trifluoromethylbenzyl, 4-bromobenzyl, and 3-pyridylmethyl ester substituents were approximately equipotent to nifedipine. The aryl(heteroaryl)methyl ester and C-4 2-pyridyl substituents therefore appear to provide important interdependent contributions to calcium-channel antagonist activity.     

水杨酸及其类似物抑制β-内酰胺酶的构效关系研究

目的检测水杨酸及水杨酸的19个类似物对分离自铜绿假单胞菌的β-内酰胺酶的抑制活性，初步探讨它们的构效关系。方法采用Nitrocefin法。结果水杨酸对该酶的50%抑制浓度(IC₅₀)为22 mmol·L^-1； 4个类似物的IC₅₀比水杨酸低，其余类似物的活性比水杨酸差。结论水杨酸苯环上的羧基及邻位羟基是活性基团之一。水杨酸邻位上的羟基被羧基取代后能提高抑制活性。在水杨酸的苯环上增加磺酸基或硝基能提高抑制活性。苯环上的氨基可降低水杨酸的抑制活性。在苯甲酸的苯环上连接氯或氟与抑制活性无关。     

Synthesis of damnacanthal, a naturally occurring 9,10-anthraquinone and its analogues, and its biological evaluation against five cancer cell lines

Damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, two naturally occurring 9,10-anthraquinones, and their analogues were synthesized. Cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay. 2-Bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone was found to display the highest activity against all cell lines with IC₅₀ range of 2–8 μM. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) assessment was considered to rationalise the cytotoxic effect. Bromomethyl group at position C-2 of the anthraquinone was found to be important in exerting cytotoxic activity of this class of compounds. The presence of the flanking methoxyl or hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-3 also contributes to this activity. Finally, the antioxidant effect of these compounds was evaluated. MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Antioxidant activity was measured by FTC and TBA methods. Only two anthraquinones, damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, were found to be antioxidative.     

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of novel 2-methyl-1-oxacephalosporins

New 2-methyl-1-oxacephem compounds having 2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(alkoxyimino)acetamido substituents at C-7 and various C-3 side chains were synthesized starting from (3R,4S)-phenyloxazolinoazetidinone (8). Introduction of the 2 beta-methyl group into the 1-oxacephem nucleus increased the stability to beta-lactamases. OCP-9-176 (7b) having the (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)thiomethyl group at C-3 showed potent antibacterial activity and a broad spectrum.     

Antitrypanosomal activities of acetylated bruceines A and C; a structure–activity relationship study

The crude extract of Brucea javanica showed strong in vitro inhibitory activity against Trypanosoma evansi. Among the isolated quassinoids, bruceines A, C, and bruceantinol were found to be the most potent compounds against T. evansi. To gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the free hydroxyl groups and the activity, several O-acetylated derivatives of bruceines A and C were synthesized and their in vitro antitrypanosomal activities against trypomastigotes of T. evansi were examined and compared with those of the original compounds. The following structure–activity relationships were observed: (1) the free hydroxyl groups at positions C-3, C-11, and C-12 are essential for antitrypanosomal activity; (2) the C-11 and C-12 hydroxyl groups are more important for the activity than the enolic hydroxyl group at C-3, and; (3) the free hydroxyl group at C-4′ of bruceine C does not have any significant effect on the activity.     

3-(氨基烷氧基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物的设计、合成与乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性

目的初步探讨在7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物母核C-3位苯环侧链中引入二乙胺基团的3-(氨基烷氧基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物的合成及其乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性。方法以取代的苯甲醛和乙酰甘氨酸为初始原料,经Erlenmeyer-Plchl反应、缩合反应、水解反应、缩合反应,生成6-芳甲基-3-硫代-1,2,4-三嗪-5(2H)-酮类化合物,再与取代的α-氯代苯乙酮反应,得到6-芳甲基-3-(羟基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物;以芳基乙烯为原料,经温和的氧化反应、缩合反应得到3,4-二氢-6-芳基-3-硫代-1,2,4-三嗪-5(2H)-酮类化合物,再与取代的α-氯代苯乙酮在乙酸中反应得到6-芳基-3-(羟基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物。两条合成路线得到的3-(羟基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物进一步经Williamson反应制备得到10个3-(烷氧基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物。所有目标化合物结构均经质谱、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱确证。采用Ellman法对目标化合物进行体外乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性筛选。结果根据前期已筛选化合物的活性数据和总结出的初步构效关系,设计并合成了10个C-3位苯环侧链中含有二乙胺基团的3-(氨基烷氧基芳基)-7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物。体外乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性筛选表明,所有目标化合物均具有乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,其中7个化合物在10μmol.L-1浓度水平抑制活性超过了50%。结论根据体外重组人源AChE(rhAChE)抑制活性的测试结果,发现C-3位苯环侧链中含有二乙胺基团的7H-噻唑并[3,2-b]-1,2,4-三嗪-7-酮类化合物均具有较好的rh-AChE抑制活性。在这一位置的侧链中引入二乙胺基团,可以增强化合物对rhAChE的抑制活性。     

Aporphines as antagonists of dopamine D-1 receptors

The aporphine alkaloids are a class of compounds known to possess activity at both D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors. (R)-Apomorphine and (S)-bulbocapnine are examples of compounds which have agonist and antagonist activity, respectively, at D-1 receptors. A series of optically pure aporphines was synthesized and their activity at D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors was studied. The (R)-aporphines uniformly had greater affinity for both D-1 and D-2 receptors than their S antipodes. Dihydroxy compound (R)-apomorphine, in accord with previous studies, was found to be a D-1 agonist. Aporphines possessing a single hydroxy group at C-11 are antagonists at the D-1 receptor. The corresponding methoxy compounds are virtually inactive at dopamine receptors. The most potent compounds, (R)-11-hydroxyaporphine (R-14) and (R)-10-bromo-11-hydroxyaporphine (R-26), are more potent than bulbocapnine as D-1 antagonists but are not as selective. A model for binding of aporphines to the D-1 receptor was formulated in which binding interactions between the receptor and the basic nitrogen and the C-11 hydroxy group of the aporphine are required for high-affinity binding to the receptor. The absolute configuration at C-6a determines the orientation of the N-6 lone pair and binding is optimal for the 6aR series. The agonist or antagonist activity of an aporphine is determined by the presence or absence, respectively, of a hydroxy group at C-10. A hydrophobic binding site may be present and may account for the high antagonist activity of (S)-bulbocapnine.     

苯烷基异硫脲类化合物的合成及其一氧化氮合酶抑制活性苯烷基异硫脲类化合物的合成及其一氧化氮合酶抑制活性

目的寻找抑制神经型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)并对痴呆症等有较好治疗作用的化合物。方法以异硫脲为母核,在其结构中引入苯烷基得到目的物,通过药物对神经细胞中亚硝酸盐含量的影响，测定目的物对nNOS的抑制作用。结果设计合成了16个新的苯烷基异硫脲类化合物(I1～16)。其结构经MS,IR,¹HNMR和元素分析确证。所有目的物均有不同程度的nNOS抑制活性，其中化合物I₈,I₁₂和I₁₄的活性较强。结论化合物I₈,I₁₂和I₁₄的活性强于阳性对照药S-甲基-N-(4-甲氧基苯基)异硫脲,IC₅₀达到1×10-7 mol·L^-1水平。     

Effect of tissue-specific acetylcholinesterase inhibitor C-547 on α3β4 and αβεδ acetylcholine receptors in COS cells

The C-547 is the most effective muscle and tissue-specific anticholinesterase among alkylammonium derivatives of 6-methyluracil (ADEMS) acting in nanomolar concentrations on locomotor muscles but not on respiratory muscles, smooth muscles and heart and brain acetylcholine esterases (AChE). When applied systematically it could influence peripheral acetylcholine receptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of C-547 on rat α3β4 (ganglionic type) and αβεδ (muscle type) nicotinic receptors expressed in COS cells. Currents evoked by rapid application of acetylcholine or nicotine were recorded in whole-cell mode by electrophysiological patch-clamp technique 2-4 days after cell transfection by plasmids coding the α3β4 or αβεδ combination of receptor subunits. In cells sensitive to acetylcholine, the application of C-547 evoked no responses. When acetylcholine was applied during an already running application of C-547, acetylcholine responses were only inhibited at concentrations higher than 10(-7)M. This inhibition is not voltage-dependent, but is accompanied by an increased rate of desensitization. Thus in both types of receptors, effective doses are approximately 100 times higher than those inhibiting AChE in leg muscles and similar to those inhibiting respiratory diaphragm muscles and external intercostal muscles. These observations show that C-547 can be considered for symptomatic treatment of myasthenia gravis and other congenital myasthenic syndromes as an inhibitor of AChE in leg muscles at concentrations much lower than those inhibiting muscle and ganglion types of acetylcholine receptors.     

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel 7-substituted 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(2-thiazolyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids as antitumor agents. Part 1

In an attempt to search for clinically useful antitumor agents, we have discovered that a series of 1,7-disubstituted-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1,8-naphthyridine-3-carboxylic acids possessed moderate cytotoxic activity. We investigated the structure-activity relationships in this series of compounds by changing N-1 and C-7 positions and the core ring structure itself and evaluated the synthesized compounds against several murine and human tumor cell lines. These modifications led us to the following findings. (1) The 2-thiazolyl group at the N-1 position of the naphthyridine structure is the best substituent for antitumor activity. (2) Regarding core ring structure, the naphthyridine derivative is the most active followed by pyridopyrimidine analogue. (3) At the C-7 position, aminopyrrolidine derivatives are more effective than other amines or thioether derivatives. Finally, the trans-3-amino-4-methoxypyrrolidinyl derivative (43j) and the 3-amino-3-methylpyrrolidinyl derivative (43f) as well as 3-aminopyrrolidinyl derivative (AT-3639, 1) were determined to be effective in in vitro and in vivo antitumor assays, and their activity was comparable to that of etoposide.