以腹泻为主要表现的缺血性结肠炎12例诊治分析

目的 对缺乏典型临床表现的老年性缺血性结肠炎的诊治进行探讨。方法回顾分析1992年5月至2004年2月间共12例以腹泻为主要临床表现的缺血性结肠炎病人的临床经过、内镜表现及诊治。结果本组病人年龄均〉60岁，且多数伴有可能相关的基础疾病，包括心脑血管疾病、高血脂或腹腔手术史。初步诊断仅有4例考虑为缺血性结肠炎，其余拟诊为急性肠炎等疾病。10例（83．3％）依赖结肠镜检查确诊，其中早期肠镜检查6例。早期内镜表现主要为病变结肠黏膜充血、水肿、淤斑、糜烂、出血，严重者出现溃疡。病变黏膜与正常黏膜界限清楚。本组-过型11例（91．7％），经内科治疗后症状消失，狭窄型1例（8．3％）手术后恢复良好。结论老年性缺血性结肠炎可缺乏典型的临床表现，而仅以腹泻表现为主，此时容易发生漏诊，延误治疗。早期结肠镜检查对于正确诊断和及时治疗有重要价值。     

缺血性结肠炎44例临床分析

目的探讨缺血性结肠炎的临床特点、内镜特征和诊治要点。方法回顾性分析2003年1月～2007年6月44例缺血性结肠炎的临床资料．结果缺血性结肠炎好发于老年人，多伴有相关基础疾病，主要临床表现是急性下腹痛和便血。内镜检查提示病变主要发生在左半结肠，呈节段性分布，结肠黏膜高度水肿、充血、糜烂、坏死及溃疡。大多数病例呈一过性表现，如能早期诊断与治疗，预后良好。结论急性腹痛和便血且伴有心、脑血管疾病及糖尿病的老年患者应考虑有缺血性结肠炎可能，病变转归与发病年龄、病变程度及病程长短、伴随的基础疾病及有无并发症可能相关。内镜检查在明确诊断、早期治疗和判断预后上具有重要意义。     

65例缺血性结肠炎临床特点及内镜表现分析

目的探讨缺血性结肠炎的临床特点、内镜表现及诊治要点。方法回顾性分析65例缺血性结肠炎的临床资料及内镜特征。结果缺血性结肠炎好发于老年人,多有相关的基础疾病,以腹痛、腹泻、便血为主要表现,内镜检查病变主要发生在左半结肠,呈节段性分布,大多数病例呈一过性改变,预后良好。结论具有相关基础疾病的老年人发生腹痛、便血者,应考虑到缺血性结肠炎的可能,早期诊断和治疗是预后良好的关键。     

老年缺血性结肠炎的内镜及临床特点

目的总结老年缺血性结肠炎患者的内镜及临床特点,探讨其早期诊断方法。方法收集分析2000年1月～2007年12月,经临床、结肠镜确诊的老年缺血性结肠炎患者的相关资料,89例患者均在腹痛等症状出现后10天内行全结肠镜检查,部分病例取病变黏膜活检,观察其内镜下表现及病理组织学特点。结果经临床、结肠镜确诊为老年缺血性结肠炎者90例,其中男25例、女65例,男女之比为1：2．6,年龄为60～90岁,平均年龄（73．31±6．63）岁,多伴有相关基础疾病。临床主要表现为腹痛和血便,病变多数位于左半结肠。一过型者86例,狭窄型4例,无坏疽型。病理学表现无特异性。结论老年病人出现急性腹痛、便血时,及时结肠镜检查对明确缺血性结肠炎诊断,了解病变范围和分犁具有重要意义。     

缺血性结肠炎58例临床及内镜特点分析

[目的]探讨缺血性结肠炎的临床特点、内镜特征和诊治要点。[方法]回顾性分析2015-05—2016-06期间经临床电子结肠镜及病理检查确诊的58例缺血性结肠炎的临床资料、内镜下的表现及治疗情况。[结果]缺血性结肠炎好发于老年人,多伴有相关基础疾病,主要临床表现是急性下腹痛和便血。内镜检查提示病变主要发生在左半结肠,呈节段性分布,结肠黏膜高度水肿、充血、糜烂、坏死及溃疡。大多数病例呈一过性表现,如能早期诊断与治疗,预后良好。[结论]对老年人患者出现急性腹痛和便血且伴有心、脑血管疾病以及糖尿病的应考虑有缺血性结肠炎的可能,病变转归与发病年龄、病变程度及病程长短、伴随的基础疾病以及有无并发症相关。内镜检查对明确诊断、早期治疗和判断预后具有重要意义。     

中老年人缺血性结肠炎

目的 评价缺血性结肠炎（ＩＣ）患者的临床特片及内镜表现。方法 对２３例ＩＣ患者的临床症状、体征、实验室及内镜检查资料进行回顾性分析。结果 缺血笥结肠炎好发于中老人,主要临床表现是急性下腹痛以及便血,有相关基础疾病的患者战友５２％,另４８％无明确诱因,内镜检查提示病变主要发生在左羊城结肠,呈节段性分布,结肠粘膜充血、糜 烂坏死及粘膜下出血。内镜分型多数为非坏疽性一过型（９１％）,慢性型占９％,未发现坏疽性ＩＣ。结论 中老年患者出现急性下用痛和血便时应警惕ＩＣ的可能,及早内镜检查是明确诊断、了解病变范围及程度、判断预后的主要手段。     

中老年人缺血性结肠炎19例临床分析

目的总结中老年缺血性结肠炎（IC）的临床特点,提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2005～2011年19例Ic患者的临床症状、体征、相关基础病、内镜表现及病理资料。结果该病多发生于50岁以上中老年人,男：女为0．58：1,且多数患者（89．47％）伴有心脑血管疾病、高脂血症、糖尿病、便秘及腹部手术史。临床表现均有不同程度的腹痛（100．oo％）、腹痛后便血（100．00％）,多数伴有腹泻。结肠镜检查示,病变部位以左半结肠为主（94．74％）,表现为黏膜纵行充血、水肿、糜烂、溃疡及黏膜下出血,病变黏膜与正常黏膜分界清楚。一过型16例,狭窄型2例,坏疽型1例。结论对有动脉粥样硬化等易患因素的中老年人,如发生急性腹痛、便血等症状,均应考虑Ic的可能,及时行内镜检查,密切观察,早期诊断、治疗,提高诊断率和治愈率。     

缺血性结肠炎的临床特点分析

目的 总结缺血性结肠炎的临床特点和内镜表现,探讨早期诊断和治疗方法.方法 对18例缺血性结肠炎患者的临床特点、实验室及内镜检查、病理资料进行回顾性分析.结果 发病年龄50岁以上者14例(77.8%),男女之比为1:2,伴有相关基础疾病者15例(83.3%),主要表现为腹痛17例(94.4%),腹泻11例(61.1%)及血便16例(88.9%),病变部位多数位于左半结肠(93.3%).结论 对于急性下腹痛伴便血的患者尽早进行结肠镜检查是诊断、判断预后及早期治疗的关键.     

83例缺血性结肠炎临床特点分析

目的总结缺血性结肠炎(IC)的临床表现和内镜下特点,探讨早期诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性总结83例缺血性结肠炎患者的临床表现和结肠镜下特点。结果 IC多发生于60岁以上的中老年人,女性多于男性,多数患者伴有可能的基础疾病,临床主要表现为腹痛、便血和腹泻,病变多位于左半结肠,病变类型以一过型最为多见。结论结合临床表现与结肠镜结果,该病基本可诊断。经及时治疗,IC预后良好,早期行结肠镜检查对诊断IC非常重要。     

以便血为主要症状的缺血性结肠炎98例临床分析

目的 探讨急诊以便血为主要症状的缺血性肠炎（IC）患者的临床特点、内镜特征和诊治要点.方法 回顾性分析我院2001年1月～2011年9月经临床、结肠镜和病理确诊的98例缺血性结肠炎患者的相关资料,所有病例均在腹痛等症状出现后10天内行全结肠镜检查,76例（77.6％）取病变黏膜活检,观察其病理组织学特点.结果 本病好发于老年女性（年龄＞60岁）,男女之比为1∶2.8.81例（82.7％）伴有基础疾病,包括高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、血液系统疾病等.临床表现绝大部分伴有腹痛（96.6％）,且以左侧多见（50.0％）.内镜检查发现病变部位主要在左半结肠,主要表现为结肠黏膜高度水肿、充血、出血、糜烂及溃疡.病理多为非特异性表现.绝大多数经过内科保守治疗好转,少数转为慢性.结论 对于老年女性患者出现急性便血伴有腹痛,合并有基础疾病的应首先考虑缺血性结肠炎的可能,应尽早行肠镜检查,明确诊断.     

Endoscopic Findings and Clinicopathologic Characteristics of Ischemic Colitis: A Report of 85 Cases

Ischemic colitis is the most common type of intestinal ischemia and has a clinical spectrum of injury that ranges from mild and transient ischemia to acute fulminant colitis. The aim of this study was to explore endoscopic findings and clinicopathologic characteristics of ischemic colitis and be accurate enough to avoid missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of endoscopy findings and clinicopathologic characteristics of 85 cases of ischemic colitis from March 2005 to April 2008 in the endoscopy center of our hospital. All cases underwent colonoscopy with biopsy within 2 weeks of the onset of symptoms, and all specimens with forceps were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and observed under light microscopy. Of the 85 cases of ischemic colitis (24 men and 61 women, average age 61.36 ± 14.49 years old, range 29–84), 71 were over 50 years of age. These cases were associated with the basal diseases such as hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and hematological diseases as well as a history of abdominal operation. The clinical features usually presented with sudden onset of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematochezia. Ischemic lesions were located mainly in the left colon with segmental form (only descending colon affected 16%, only splenic flexure 14%, and only sigmoid colon 23%). The 85 patients consisted of the non-gangrenous type (82), which were composed of reversible IC (76) and chronic IC (6), and the gangrenous type (3). Endoscopic appearance of the transient ischemic colitis consisted of petechial hemorrhages, edematous and fragile mucosa, segmental erythema, scattered erosion, longitudinal ulcerations, and sharply defined segment of involvement. Ischemic colitis of stricture was characterized by full-thickness mucosa, lumens stricture, and diseased haustrations. The mucosa of gangrenous colitis with cyanotic and pseudopolyps was endoscopically observed as well. Clinicopathologic characteristics showed mucosal inflammation accompanied by erosion, granulation tissue hyperplasia and gland atrophy, lamina propria hemorrhage, and macrophages with hemosiderin pigmentation in submucosa in particular. Although endoscopy findings and clinicopathologic characteristics of ischemic colitis are nonspecific, colonoscopy with biopsy plays a vital role in the early diagnosis of ischemic colitis.     

Spectrum of non-inflammatory bowel disease and non-infectious colitis

A variety of inflammatory diseases of the colon, which can be differentiated from inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） and infectious colitis by their clinical, endoscopic and histological characteristics, are reported as non- IBD and non-infectious colitis. These diseases include microscopic colitis, ischemic colitis, segmental colitis associated with diverticula, radiation colitis, diversion colitis, eosinophilic colitis and Behcet＇s colitis. The etiopathogenesis of most of these diseases remains obscure and the epidemiological data are rather limited. These conditions are often troublesome for the patient and are associated with diagnostic difficulties for the physician. In many cases the treatment is empirical and there is a need for future research using randomized controlled trials.     

Clinical and endoscopic features of ischemic colitis

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical and endoscopic features, and outcome of ischemic colitis. METHODS: Sixty cases with the diagnosis of ischemic colitis were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were under observation in hospital and most of them underwent colonoscopy at least twice: once for diagnosis and then follow‐up after treatment. The demographic data, presenting symptoms, endoscopic findings, laboratory tests, and treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty‐two of the 60 cases were over 50 years old (87%; mean age, 59.9 years): 40 female, 20 male (2 : 1); 76.0% of these patients had a coexistent disease such as a cardio‐cerebrovascular disorder, diabetes, hematologic diseases or a previous history of abdominal surgery. Abdominal pain (57/60, 95%), hematochezia (55/60, 91.7%), and diarrhea (26/60, 43.3%) were the main complaints. Lesions seen on colonoscopy were more commonly located in the left colon (46/60, 79.3%) and rectum (5/60, 8.6%), and were characteristically segment‐distributed, including hemorrhagic edematous mucosa, erosions, ulcerations, pseudopolyps, and stricture. Ultrasonography revealed colonic wall thickening in 13 cases (13/55, 21.7%), and small to moderate ascites was detected in 4 cases (4/55, 7.3%). In this cohort, most of the patients recovered (49/60, 81.7%) or improved (10/60, 16.7%) after conservative treatment. Only one patient who had a myocardial infarction prior to the onset of the ischemic colitis, died from peritonitis complicated with septic shock. Progress and outcome were associated with the patient's age, severity of the lesions, clinical course, underlying diseases and the complications. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy is safe and helpful in the early diagnosis of ischemic colitis. Nongangrenous colonic ischemia usually requires only medical management and is associated with a good prognosis.     

Clinico-pathological re-examination on the first diagnosis as enterocolitis unclassified

Sixteen surgical resected cases of "enterocolitis unclassified" diagnosed on the first pathological examination were re-examined. Their incidence was 3.0% of non-neoplastic bowel diseases registered in our department. On the re-examination including additional microscopic sections, histological reconstruction, special stainings and precise clinical data of each lesion, the 16 lesions were macroscopically divided to nine types and re-diagnosed as follows: (1) definite diseases: ulcerative colitis and phlegmonous enterocolitis, (2) probable diseases: intestinal tuberculosis and infective enterocolitis, (3) possible diseases: healed ischemic colitis, healed ischemic enteritis, healed infective colitis, and healed Crohn's disease or healed ulcerative colitis, (4) enterocolitis unclassified in a narrow sense. In conclusion, patho-morphologically the 16 lesions of enterocolitis unclassified might be subdivided into 13 lesions with the similarity to the already known inflammatory bowel diseases and three lesions with enterocolitis unclassified in a narrow sense.     

Prevalence of Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Ambulatory Ischemic Colitis

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiac arrhythmia and intracardiac embolic process in ambulatory ischemic colitis. From November 1994 to November 1997, 33 consecutive cases of ambulatory ischemic colitis were detected. This study included 21 women and 12 men with a mean age of 71 years. All patients underwent a cardiovascular investigation including questioning, electrocardiogram, 24-hr ambulatory electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography. A prior history of ischemic colitis was found in four cases (12%). Cardiac arrhythmia was detected in eight cases. Transthoracic echocardiography showed an intracardiac process, potentially responsible for a peripheral embolism, in four cases. In conclusion, the aggregate, in 33% of the patients, there was potential cardiac etiology. This suggests that when ambulatory ischemic colitis occurs, it is necessary to perform an exhaustive cardiovascular evaluation similar to those performed in other ischemic diseases.     

Evaluation of clinical features of ischemic colitis: Comparison between young and elderly

Background: It has been thought that ischemic colitis is caused by vascular and intestinal factors. Although elderly patients with arteriosclerosis are more susceptible to ischemic colitis, many young patients suffering ischemic colitis are also reported. The present study aimed to clarify the relationship between arteriosclerosis and ischemic colitis, and to evaluate various risk factors for ischemic colitis. Methods: We compared the clinical features of patients with ischemic colitis (54 cases) and control patients without ischemic colitis (86 cases), all diagnosed by colonoscopy. Subjects were classified into a young group (60 cases) under 60 years of age, and an elderly group (80 cases) of over 60 years. The degree of arteriosclerosis was measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) level, and the effects of vascular and intestinal factors in the development of ischemic colitis were evaluated using multivariate analytical models. Results: In the elderly group, the PWV level was significantly higher in ischemic colitis patients than in the controls. By analyzing with multivariate analytical models, a high level of PWV and underlying diseases related to arteriosclerosis were thought to be risk factors for ischemic colitis in the elderly group. In the young group, intestinal factors such as irregular bowel movement, which is often seen in irritable bowel syndrome, habitual constipation, and prior history of an abdominal operation, were thought to be contributors to ischemic colitis. Conclusion: These findings suggest that intestinal factors in younger patients and vascular factors in more elderly patients are the primary contributors in the development of ischemic colitis.     

Ischemic colitis masquerading as colonic tumor: case report with review of literature

Ischemic colitis can mimic a carcinoma on computed tomographic (CT) imaging or endoscopic examination. A coexisting colonic carcinoma or another potentially obstructing lesion has also been described in 20% of the cases of ischemic colitis. CT scan can differentiate it from colon cancer in 75% of cases. However, colonoscopy is the preferred method for diagnosing ischemic colitis as it allows for direct visualization with tissue sampling. Varied presentations of ischemic colitis have been described as an ulc...     

Intestinal complications of thrombotic microangiopathy in the adult. 4 cases and review of the literature

We report four cases of adult thrombotic microangiopathy associating diarrhea with severe ischemic colitis. In one case, the intestinal complications was severe and diffuse ischemic colitis, in two cases an inaugural colonic perforation requiring colectomy and in the last case a massive mesenteric infarct. In three cases, histologic examination showed vessel occlusion with microthrombi. Despite treatment with plasma exchange and plasma infusion, death ensued in two cases. Principally described in childhood thrombotic microangiopathy, intestinal complications occur exceptionally in adult thrombotic microangiopathy and are associated with a poor prognosis. Inaugural ischemic colitis revealing an adult thrombotic microangiopathy is also uncommon and thrombotic microangiopathy could be evoked in all patients presenting acute ischemic colitis.