亚急性、慢性下肢深静脉血栓43例的治疗

目的　探讨超声血栓消融的操作方法、下腔静脉滤器的选择及放置的时间。方法　选择严重的亚急性、慢性期下肢深静脉血栓 4 3例 ,先置入滤器 ,再消融血栓、球囊扩张髂静脉病变、有明显回缩者放置支架、最后做临时性股动静脉瘘。结果　 35例治疗成功 ,8例失败。髂静脉狭窄 33例 ,放置支架 10例。放置的滤器中 ,永久性 11例 ,临时性 2 4例。随访 33例 ,3～ 30个月 ,2 5例患肢肿胀消退 ,8例出现血栓后综合征 ,18例血管造影 ,8例髂股静脉通畅 ,5例髂股静脉狭窄 ,3例髂静脉闭塞 ,2例股静脉闭塞。结论　本方法为亚急性和慢性下肢深静脉血栓患者提供了一个有效的治疗手段。     

介入联合手术治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成

目的 探讨急性下肢深静脉血栓形成介入联合手术治疗方法.方法 2002年1月至2004年12月对42例急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者,首先经健侧股静脉置入下腔静脉滤器,再切开患侧股静脉,远端血栓以挤压法驱出,近端髂静脉内血栓以Fogarty导管取出,球囊扩张左髂静脉狭窄,最后做临时性股动静脉瘘,术后3个月结扎.结果 40例治疗成功,37例髂静脉狭窄,7例放置支架;随访34例,3～32个月.26例患肢肿胀消失,8例有不同程度的下肢肿胀,4例复发,随访时血管造影20例,14例血管形态良好,3例呈血栓后综合征表现,3例血管闭塞.结论 本方法创伤小,恢复快,疗效好,多数患者能耐受.     

下肢深静脉血栓形成外科治疗的并发症分析

目的 总结下肢深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis,DVT)外科治疗中并发症的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2008年1月外科治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成171例的临床资料.先行下腔静脉滤器置入,对近段髂股静脉血栓采用Fogarty取栓管取栓73例;Amplatz消融器(ATD)消融血栓55例;Acolysis超声消融器消融血栓43例,远段血栓以挤压法驱出,术中造影,对合并存在髂静脉病变则先行介人治疗,并建立临时性股动静脉瘘.结果 本组171例,157例治疗成功,14例失败.其中Fogarty取栓成功70例,失败3例;ATD成功52例,失败3例;超声消融成功35例,失败8例.置人永久性滤器51例,可回收滤器32例,临时性滤器88例.143例存在髂静脉狭窄或闭塞,左侧139例,右侧4例.球囊扩张后置人支架41例.术中造影见血栓残留80例,血管穿孔破裂14例,滤器下方血栓18例.全组无死亡和肺动脉栓塞发生.术后随访142例,随访时间2～84个月,平均38个月.21例髂静脉再狭窄,血栓再发36例,支架移位6例,支架断裂2例.结论 外科治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成是一种有效方法,但同时应注意对其并发症的防治.     

经股腘静脉抽吸治疗下肢深静脉继发下腔静脉血栓

目的探讨经股静脉入路放置滤器治疗继发于下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)的下腔静脉血栓的可行性及安全性,评价滤器保护下血栓抽吸术的有效性。方法收集109例下肢DVT患者,其中11例血栓累及下腔静脉。于路径图引导下经健侧股静脉入路放置Aegisy滤器,打开但不解脱;再次穿刺股静脉,以8F指引导管抽吸下腔静脉内血栓;若血栓脱落于滤器内,尽量取出滤器内血栓后收回滤器,清洗后重新放置。经腘静脉入路抽吸髂股静脉内血栓,应用球囊或支架治疗髂静脉病变。14天内取出滤器。结果对11例DVT合并下腔静脉血栓者均成功取出髂股静脉及下腔静脉内血栓,8例术中发生血栓脱落;置入髂静脉支架5例,球囊扩张6例;8例取出滤器,3例永久植入滤器。随访6~35个月,下腔静脉及支架通畅,患者无活动后酸沉、肿胀,无色素沉着、静脉曲张等。结论经股静脉放置滤器治疗DVT合并下腔静脉血栓安全可行;在滤器保护下应用血栓抽吸术经股腘静脉入路治疗血栓快速、有效。     

髂股静脉狭窄伴血栓形成介入治疗53例临床分析

目的探讨髂股静脉狭窄伴下肢深静脉血栓形成 (deepvenousthrombosis,DVT)介入治疗的临床疗效。方法将 5 3例髂股静脉狭窄伴DVT随机分为 5组。A组 :11例 ,置入下腔静脉滤器后采用血栓消融器 (AmplatzThrombectomyDevice,ATD)浸软溶栓或流变溶栓导管 (OASIS)溶栓加静脉药物溶栓 ;B组 :9例 ,置入下腔静脉滤器后用导引导管抽吸血栓加静脉药物溶栓 ;C组 :13例 ,单纯经股动脉药物溶栓 ;D组 :8例 ,单纯经静脉药物溶栓 ;E组 :12例 ,单纯经足背静脉药物溶栓。其中 17例髂股静脉狭窄采用球囊扩张或置入支架治疗。结果 5 3例中治愈 2 6例 (49 0 % ) ,显效 2 1例 (39 6 % ) ,改善 3例 (5 7% ) ,无效 3例 (5 7% )。 17例髂股静脉狭窄术后造影示复通率80 %以上。溶栓过程中出现并发症 3例 (5 7% ) ,经处理后均恢复正常。结论髂股静脉狭窄伴DVT采用机械除栓及导管药物溶栓结合腔内血管成形治疗疗效直接肯定 ,安全性高 ,下腔静脉滤器可有效地预防致死性肺动脉栓塞。     

经皮机械性血栓清除术治疗急性髂股静脉血栓

目的观察经皮机械性血栓清除术(PMT)治疗急性髂股静脉血栓的有效性和安全性。方法对21例急性髂股静脉血栓形成患者置入下腔静脉滤器,之后应用Aspirex导管行PMT,并造影评估血栓清除效果,发现血栓残留时行经导管接触性溶栓治疗;如清除血栓发现髂静脉严重狭窄或闭塞,则行球囊扩张及支架植入术。最后取出下腔静脉滤器。观察治疗并发症、血栓清除效果及症状改善情况。术后1、3、6个月随访评估静脉通畅情况,并以Villalta评分判断血栓后综合征发生与否及其等级。结果 21例均顺利完成PMT。8例血栓完全清除;13例血栓部分清除,经置管溶栓后残留血栓均获清除。13例因左髂静脉重度狭窄或闭塞而接受球囊扩张及支架植入术。治疗后21例静脉血流均恢复,下肢肿胀、疼痛症状均缓解,无手术相关严重并发症及死亡。术后随访未见血栓复发,髂静脉支架均通畅;1例术后6个月Villalta评分5分,为轻度血栓后综合征。结论 PMT治疗急性髂股静脉血栓安全有效。     

导管溶栓及置入下腔静脉滤器预防肺栓塞的临床应用

目的评价导管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的效果及置入下腔静脉滤器预防下肢深静脉血栓脱落引起肺栓塞的价值。方法48例下肢深静脉血栓患者分别经股静脉（40例）、右颈静脉（8例）置入下腔静脉滤器，滤器位于双。肾静脉水平以下的下腔静脉内，下腔静脉滤器植入后将溶栓导管插入血栓之髂股静脉进行溶栓。药物：尿激酶80-100万u，肝素1mg／kg。结果下腔静脉滤器置入全部成功，术中导管溶栓32例完全再通及部分再通，余16例术后溶栓成功。结论经导管术中溶栓成功率高，效果好，置入下腔静脉滤器防止肺栓塞是安全有效的方法。     

永久性下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的中长期疗效及应用价值

目的 总结永久性下腔静脉滤器在下肢深静脉血栓治疗中的中长期疗效并评估其应用价值.方法 回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院血管外科2010年1月-2015年10月置入永久性下腔静脉滤器的86例下肢深静脉血栓的病例资料,其中男性41例,女性45例,年龄50 ～ 94岁,平均年龄71.8岁.深静脉血栓位于左下肢51例,右下肢25例,双下肢10例,合并肺栓塞6例.滤器置入后,无溶栓禁忌者行导管溶栓,必要时行髂股静脉球囊扩张及支架置入.术后除抗凝禁忌者外,均采用抗凝治疗.结果 所有患者均一次性放置滤器成功.置入贝朗Vena Tech LP滤器76例,强生TrapEase滤器10例.单纯滤器置入65例,滤器置入+导管溶栓7例,滤器置入+导管溶栓+球囊扩张/支架置入14例.随访12～81个月,平均51个月,死亡27例,均非滤器相关性,其中恶性肿瘤17例,其他死因10例.深静脉血栓复发3例,支架狭窄伴血栓形成2例.滤器倾斜6例,倾斜角度＜15°,滤器下方血栓形成3例,滤器明显移位2例,无滤器断裂、下腔静脉穿孔及出血等发生,无症状性肺栓塞新发或者复发.结论 永久性滤器可以有效预防下肢深静脉血栓导致的肺栓塞,但长期留置可能导致相关并发症,对于高龄或者合并晚期肿瘤等、预期寿命有限的患者,永久性滤器仍是不错的选择.     

滤器保护下置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成临床总结

目的探讨滤器保护下经胭静脉置管溶栓治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的临床应用价值。方法对2002年12月至2005年2月收治的51例下肢深静脉血栓形成病人，在滤器保护下经B超引导，由胭静脉置入溶栓导管，以输液泵经溶栓导管持续泵入溶栓药物10—14d，同时行抗凝治疗。结果所有病人均置管成功，其中3例未能通过髂静脉。临床表现均有不同程度的好转，出院前均行影像学检查，治愈11例，显效34例，有效6例。其中5例接受髂静脉球囊扩张术，3例行髂静脉支架置入术，1例行耻骨上静脉转流术。结论下腔静脉滤器保护下行膪静脉置管溶栓，可防止肺栓塞，延长尿激酶溶栓时间窗，减少尿激酶用量，减少出血并发症，并为后续治疗提供机会。     

Folly导尿管阻断下腔静脉条件下半介入方法治疗急性下肢深静脉血栓形成30例

2002年1月至2008年6月,作者采用Folly导尿管阻断下腔静脉预防肺栓塞条件下,患肢挤压驱栓结合Fogarty导管取栓、球囊导管扩张髂静脉、股动静脉临时性动静瘘的方法治疗严重的急性下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）形成32例,成功30例,无肺栓塞发生,治疗效果良好,报告如下。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.