Combined osteochondral fracture of the posterolateral tibial plateau and Segond fracture with anterior cruciate ligament injury in a skeletally immature patient

A case of a 14-year-old boy with a rare injury—an osteochondral fracture of the posterolateral tibial plateau associated with the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rapture, and Segond fracture characterized by an avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial plateau—is reported. This case was noteworthy because it involved a rare combination of ACL injuries. This injury was thought to be caused by the impaction between the posterior aspect of the lateral tibial plateau and the lateral femoral condyle during internal rotational displacement of the knee joint at the time of injury, because the osteochondral fracture of the posterolateral tibial plateau matched the site where the bone bruise was observed.     

Nerve sheath ganglion of the tibial nerve presenting as a Baker’s cyst: a case report

Nerve sheath ganglion is a relatively rare clinical entity commonly found in the peroneal nerve in the lower limb or the ulnar nerve in the upper extremity. It is rarely found in the tibial nerve. The occurrence of a nerve sheath ganglion in a patient’s tibial nerve has been identified. The initial presentation of the tumor mass has been very similar to that of a Baker’s cyst, namely a soft undulating popliteal mass. Yet, the case also presented symptoms and signs of tibial nerve compressive neuropathy. We present here a rare case of nerve sheath ganglion of the tibial nerve. Clinical courses of the patient were reviewed, and relevant issues were discussed with a thorough literature review.     

Tibial plateau fracture following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

A case is presented of a tibial plateau fracture after previous anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft. The tibial plateau fracture occurred through the transosseous tibial tunnel and followed a torsional injury to the involved extremity. The stress riser effect of the transosseous tibial tunnel and the anatomic location of the cortical defect probably facilitated development of the fracture. Minimally invasive fixation of the fracture was effective in preserving knee stability without need for revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.     

Association of posterior tibial tendon injury with spring ligament injury, sinus tarsi abnormality, and plantar fasciitis on MR imaging

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of abnormalities of the spring ligament, sinus tarsi, and plantar fascia revealed on MR imaging in a group of patients with advanced injury of the posterior tibial tendon. MATERIALS AND METHODS; MR images from 25 patients with advanced posterior tibial tendon injury were retrospectively examined for spring ligament, sinus tarsi, and plantar fascia abnormalities. These images were randomly compared with those obtained from 25 control patients with normal-appearing posterior tibial tendons. RESULTS: The spring ligament was abnormal in 23 (92%) of 25 patients with a posterior tibial tendon injury and seven (28%) of 25 patients with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0001). The sinus tarsi was abnormal in 18 (72%) of 25 patients with posterior tibial tendon injury and nine (36%) of 25 patients with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0132). The plantar fascia was abnormal in seven (32%) of 22 patients with posterior tibial tendon injury and two (9%) of 22 patients with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0768). Two or more associated abnormalities were present in 20 (80%) of 25 patients with posterior tibial tendon injury and four (16%) of 25 patients with a normal posterior tibial tendon (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Advanced posterior tibial tendon injury has a high association with spring ligament and sinus tarsi abnormalities on MR imaging. There was a low association between advanced posterior tibial tendon injury and plantar fascia abnormality. Patients with posterior tibial tendon injury often have abnormalities of two or more associated structures.     

Skeletal imaging following reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament: in vivo comparison of fluoroscopy,radiography, and computed tomography

Objective

Intra- and postoperative validation of anatomic footprint replication in posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction can be conducted using fluoroscopy, radiography, or computed tomography (CT) scans. However, effectiveness and exposure to radiation of these imaging modalities are unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of fluoroscopy, radiography, and CT in detecting femoral and tibial tunnel positions following an all-inside reconstruction of the PCL ligament in vivo. The study design was a retrospective case series.

Materials and methods

Intraoperative fluoroscopic images, postoperative radiographs, and CT scans were obtained in 50 consecutive patients following single-bundle PCL reconstruction. The centers of the tibial and femoral tunnel apertures were identified and correlated to measurement grid systems. The results of fluoroscopic, radiographic, and CT measurements were compared to each other and accumulated radiation dosages were calculated.

Results

Comparing the imaging groups, no statistically significant difference could be detected for the reference of the femoral tunnel to the intercondylar depth and height, for the reference of the tibial tunnel to the mediolateral diameter of the tibial plateau and for the superoinferior distance of the tibial tunnel entry to the tibial plateau and to the former physis line. Effective doses resulting from fluoroscopic, radiographic, and CT exposure averaged 2.9 mSv, standard deviation (±SD) 4.1 mSv, to 1.3?±?0.8 mSv and to 3.6?±?1.0 mSv, respectively.

Conclusions

Fluoroscopy, radiography, and CT yield approximately equal effectiveness in detecting parameters used for quality validation intra- and postoperatively. An accumulating exposure to radiation must be considered.     

Dislocation of the polyethylene inlay due to anterior tibial slope in revision total knee arthroplasty

We report a case of dislocation of the polyethylene inlay in revision total knee arthroplasty. Eight days after revision arthroplasty due to a previous infection, the polyethylene inlay of a PCL- retaining cemented total knee arthroplasty dislocated at about 80 degrees of flexion on the CPM machine. Lateral X-ray examination revealed an anterior slope of the tibial cut of 5 degrees. Correction of the tibial slope to a posterior tibial slope of 7 degrees reduced the forces on the posterior aspect of the inlay and no redislocation occurred. The mechanisms causing tibial inlays to dislocate in TKA are analyzed and discussed.     

Avulsion fracture of the tibial eminence associated with severe medial ligamentous injury in an adolescent. A case report and literature review

In the presence of open physes, tibial eminence fractures are usually isolated injuries. However, adults sustaining a fracture of the tibial eminence are more likely to have other associated injuries, most commonly a tear of the medial collateral ligament. A case of an adolescent with a tibial eminence fracture and a complete tear of the medial collateral ligament is reported. Review of the literature revealed two similar cases in adolescents. If medial instability is demonstrated on valgus stress of the knee in an adolescent with tibial eminence fracture, we believe stress roentgenograms of the knee should be obtained to distinguish between physeal injury and collateral ligament tear.     

Avulsion of the tibial tuberosity with a lateral plateau rim fracture: case report

An avulsion fracture of tibial tuberosity with an unusual articular involvement was treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Although the mechanism of tibial tuberosity fracture is described as passively flexing the knee while active quadriceps femoris contraction, the weight transmitted from the menisci on the lateral side of the knee joint may cause an epiphyseal disruption. We report a case of tibial tuberosity fracture with lateral plateau rim fracture in a young male adolescent, which has not been published previously in the literature.     

Lateral dislocation and incarceration of the posterior tibial tendon through the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis

A case of acute, traumatic, lateral dislocation of the posterior tibial tendon is presented as a unique pattern of posterior tibial tendon dislocation. Several attempts at both closed and open reduction were required to relocate the tendon and reduce the fracture-dislocation. This case is being presented to demonstrate the use of cross-sectional imaging to both recognize the initial bony injury and to identify tendon anatomy and pathology that may not be seen in the operating room with limited visualization.     

有限切开复位单臂外固定架治疗不稳定胫骨骨折

目的：介绍切开复位单臂外固定架（以下简称单臂架）治疗不稳定胫骨骨折体会.方法：小切口复位不稳定胫骨骨折,单臂架固定,必要时加用螺丝钉、钢丝有限内固定.结果：27例患者经治疗后,1例带架回家未按要求紧固定螺钉而出现骨折再移位,单臂架固定钉松动3例,固定钉孔感染3例,骨折延迟愈合1例.结论：切开复位单臂架固定是治疗不稳定性胫骨骨折的一种良好方法,必要时加用螺钉、钢丝有限内固定可提高固定效果,但也存在单臂架固定钉松动、针道感染的不足.     

Pretibial ganglion-like cyst formation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a consequence of the incomplete bony integration of the graft?

We report a case of subcutaneous pretibial ganglion, with direct communication to the tibial tunnel after an autologous reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with hamstring tendons. The tibial graft fixation was with a 9 mm poly-L-lactide interference screw 5 years earlier. The screw had undergone complete resorption at the time the cyst occurred. No joint inflammatory reaction or graft insufficiency was detected. The patient underwent cyst excision and curettage of the tibial tunnel with full recovery. This complication seems to be the consequence of a direct communication between the joint and the pretibial subcutaneous tissue through a fibrous tibial tunnel and would have occurred, as there is no full osteointegration of the graft due to the resorption of the bioabsorbable interference screw.     

Ground reaction forces, bone characteristics, and tibial stress fracture in male runners.

PURPOSE: Tibial stress fracture is a common overuse running injury resulting from repetitive mechanical loading. This research project aimed to determine whether runners with a history of tibial stress fracture (TSF) differ in tibial bone geometry, tibial bone mass, and ground reaction force (GRF) parameters during running from those who have never sustained a stress fracture (NSF). METHODS: Forty-six male running athletes (23 TSF; 23 NSF) ranging in age from 18 to 42 yr were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A force platform was used to measure selected GRF parameters (peak and time to peak for vertical impact force, vertical active force, and horizontal braking force) during running at 4.0 m x s(-1). Tibial bone geometry (cross-sectional dimensions and area) was calculated from a computerized tomography (CT) scan at the junction of the middle and distal thirds. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided measurements of tibial bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD). RESULTS: The TSF group had significantly smaller tibial cross-sectional area (P = 0.02) and DXA tibial bone area (P = 0.02), after adjusting for height and weight, than the NSF group. There were no significant differences between groups for GRF, tibial BMC, or tibial BMD. CONCLUSION: These findings support the contention that bone geometry plays a role in stress fracture development and that male athletes with smaller bones in relation to body size are at greater risk for this bony injury.     

Severe metallosis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty

We report on a case of a patient who had femoral osteolysis and severe metallosis of the knee joint resulting from the secondary abrasive wear of the metal-backed tibial component of a unicompartmental knee arthroplasty due to massive wear of tibial polyethylene. The failure was diagnosed 11 years after implantation. This metallosis affected the intra-articular tissues and the subchondral bone.     

胫骨骨折患者术后血清IGF-1、β-CTX、CYR61蛋白的表达与延迟愈合的关系

目的探讨胫骨骨折患者术后血清胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、Ⅰ型胶原羧基端肽β特殊序列(β-CTX)、富含半胱氨酸蛋白61(CYR61)的表达变化与骨折延迟愈合的关系。方法回顾性分析洛阳正骨医院2015年1月—2017年10月收治的胫骨骨折患者137例,男性80例,女性57例;年龄28~75岁,平均52.0岁。患者均采用切开复位内固定治疗,其中术后出现骨折延迟愈合(胫骨骨折影像学愈合评分RUST<7分)的47例患者作为病例组、骨折后正常时间愈合(6个月内)的90例患者作为对照组,分别对比两组患者骨折术后1、4、6周的血清IGF-1、β-CTX、CYR61蛋白水平,采用受试者工作曲线(ROC)分析三项指标在预测骨折延迟愈合中的价值。结果两组在术后第1周~第4周的CYR61蛋白水平[(0.46±0.14)、(1.03±0.25)、(0.52±0.20)、(1.32±0.32)]、IGF-1[(330.5±39.6)、(411.8±45.1)、(392.1±50.8)、(492.6±56.7)ng/mL]呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05),术后第6周CYR61蛋白水平[(0.46±0.15)、(0.62±0.20)]、IGF-1[(375.2±40.0)、(442.5±47.4)ng/mL]呈降低趋势(P<0.05)。病例组CYR61蛋白、IGF-1水平在术后第1周~第6周均低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组在术后第1周~第6周的β-CTX[(0.50±0.21)、(0.59±0.22)、(0.62±0.20)ng/mL]水平呈逐渐升高趋势(P<0.05);在术后第4、6周,病例组的β-CTX水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示血清IGF-1预测骨折延迟愈合的AUC值为0.831;血清β-CTX预测骨折延迟愈合的AUC值为0.646;血清CYR61蛋白预测骨折延迟愈合的AUC值为0.698。结论胫骨骨折术后骨折延迟愈合的患者血清IGF-1、β-CTX、CYR61蛋白均低于骨折正常愈合的患者,对于预测患者骨折愈合情况具有一定的参考价值。     

Secondary intra-articular dislocation of a broken bioabsorbable interference screw after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

We report a case of intra-articular migration of the proximal part of a broken polylactic acid screw from the tibial site of anterior cruciate ligament-reconstruction with quadrupled semi-tendinosus tendon. Five months after initially successful ACL surgery the patient felt a sudden locking of the knee without another injury. MRI showed intra-articular migration of one-half of the polylactic acid screw, and standard radiographs a widening of the proximal tibial tunnel. At revision arthroscopy the broken part was easily removed. The patient had full recovery. This case demonstrates the problem of "bioscrew" breakage in ACL surgery.     

PCL reconstruction with the tibial inlay technique following intra-medullary nail fixation of an ipsilateral tibial shaft fracture: a treatment algorithm

Our case report highlights the complexity of treating multi-ligament knee injuries in the setting of ipsilateral long bone trauma. We describe the use of the tibial inlay technique for PCL reconstruction in the setting of a tibial shaft fracture treated with an intramedullary nail. We also present a comprehensive treatment algorithm for the treatment of ligamentous knee injuries in the setting of long bone trauma.     

Tibial tuberosity transfer for episodic patellar dislocation

Numerous surgical techniques have been described to address episodic patellar dislocations. Some of them involve the soft tissues whereas others primarily address a bony correction. Four principal anatomic factors have been identified that increase the risk for episodic patellar dislocations: trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, patellar tilt, and an excessive tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance. A treatment algorithm has been proposed to correct each of these factors. It includes the tibial tuberosity transfer, which is able to correct both a patella alta and an excessive tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance. The tibial tuberosity can be transferred distally or medially or more frequently a combination of both. It will realign the extensor mechanism and increase patellofemoral stability. This procedure may be associated with a medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in case of excessive patellar tilt or rarely with a trochleoplasty for major abnormal patellar maltracking.     

Spontaneous collapse of the tibial plateau: radiological staging

Objective This paper proposes a radiological staging system for necrosis of the tibial plateau, similar to those already developed for the hip and the medial femoral condyle.Design and patients We retrospectively studied the clinical case histories and radiographic findings of 14 patients (15 affected knees) with histologically proven osteonecrosis of the tibial plateau.Results Stage I was marked by normal radiograph, but increased uptake in bone scan and subchondral areas of abnormal marrow signal intensity in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as reported in other osteonecrosis sites. Stage II was characterised by cystic and sclerotic changes, and stage III fracture of the medial rim of the medial tibial plateau and tibial plateau collapse were present. Stage IV was marked by joint narrowing. These changes appeared earlier and were more pronounced when there was genu varum/valgum or involvement of the lateral tibial plateau.Conclusions The radiological evolution of the disease appears to follow a four-stage course over a period of roughly one year from the onset of symptoms.     

Weight Loss,Fitness, and Mortality in Overweight Patients

Forced external rotation of the foot may cause a syndesmosis or high ankle sprain in an adult, but in a teenage patient, a juvenile Tillaux fracture may occur if the tibial physis has not yet closed. Diagnosis is made with plain radiographs, but CT may be necessary to determine the true articular displacement. Closed reduction with casting for 6 weeks is usually sufficient for most nondisplaced or minimally displaced fractures. Patients with more than 2 mm of displacement, as in this case of a 16-year-old basketball player, should be referred to an orthopedic surgeon. Complications include residual angular deformity and premature osteoarthritis. Most patients are able to return to full activity at 3 months postinjury.     

Negative bone scans in impending tibial stress fractures. A report of three cases

Three highly motivated military recruits who presented with tibial pain on exertion are reported. Their initial bone scan assessments to rule out stress fracture were normal, and the recruits were returned to demanding training. One month later, because of persistent and increasing tibial pain, they were rescanned and focal activity representative of tibial stress fractures was found in each case. Until now it has been assumed that a negative bone scan ruled out a stress fracture unequivocally. Our reported cases show that bone pain may in fact precede scintigraphic evidence of a stress fracture. Persistent and increasing bone pain during demanding physical activity, even in the presence of a prior normal bone scan, may represent stress fracture and repeat bone scan may be indicated.