直肠表面动脉的形态学观测

目的观察直肠表面动脉的分支分布特点。方法随机选取成人尸体20具,婴幼儿尸体15具,行巨微解剖观察。结果上段直肠主要由乙状结肠直肠动脉的横支供血,在器官表面的分支形式多为环绕型;直肠壶腹主要由直肠上动脉的终支供血,其在器官表面的分支形式多呈主根须样;直肠颈主要由直肠下动脉和肛动脉供血,其在器官表面的分支形式可有鸦爪型、单支型、二叉型、三又型及“K”型等;上半直肠多为横行的环状分布,下半直肠多为纵行分布;各支间可存在吻合,方式为网型、直接及不规则型吻合。结论在上半直肠前壁和直肠颈后壁,存在无血管吻合区;直肠动脉在器官表面存在区域性配布的特点。     

直肠表面动脉分布与微血管构筑相关性的研究

目的:研究直肠与肛管器官表面动脉分布与器官内小微动脉及毛细血管精确分布间的对应关系.方法:20例成人标本行巨微解剖观察表面动脉分支分布特点;20例胎儿尸体,墨汁灌注,组织切片及揭层透明铺片,光镜观察器官内微血管的构筑情况,测量各部位毛细血管分布密度.结果:器官表面动脉在直肠和肛管呈区域性分布的特点,在上半直肠前壁和直肠颈及肛管后壁中线部位存在"无血管吻合区".微血管测量结果显示上半直肠前壁和直肠颈及肛管后壁中线部位,肌层、粘膜下层及粘膜层毛细血管密度均低于同层其他部位.结论:直肠与肛管表面动脉分布与器官内小微动脉及毛细血管精确分布间存在对应关系,临床可根据肉眼所见表面动脉分布来评估直肠和肛管血供.     

国人直肠上动脉的X线解剖

本文用X线观察成人35具尸体的直肠上动脉,其中直肠乙状结肠动脉间有吻合的占22.9％、与左右支有吻合的占42.9％、既有动脉间的吻合又有与左右支吻合的占11.4％;左、右支的分支分布呈三种形式:在同侧形成丛有吻合的左支22.9％、右支31.4％;在同侧呈纵行分布左支48.6％;右支51.4％;分支越过中线到对侧左支28.6％、右支17.1％。讨论分支分布的临床应用。     

国人直肠上动脉的介入解剖研究

目的观察直肠上动脉的形态、分布并测量相关数据,为临床经直肠上动脉的介入诊疗提供基础资料。方法随机选取成人尸体20具,婴幼儿尸体15具,行巨微解剖观测。结果直肠上动脉供应整个直肠及部分肛管的血液,向上参与乙状结肠末段的血供;直肠上动脉本干及左、右、背侧支起点的内管径均值均大于0.8mm,各分支与本干间下夹角均值均小于50°。结论直肠上动脉本干及其一级分支的角度及管径等,均可满足临床介入手段的需要;直肠上动脉作为直肠供血动脉中最重要、最恒定的一支,是动脉插管的首选途径。     

胎儿直肠黏膜下层微血管构筑的研究

目的研究胎儿直肠黏膜下层器官内微血管的分布特点。为临床直肠相关疾病病机的分析及术式改进提供血供方面的基础资料。方法胎儿尸体20例,墨汁灌注,组织切片及组织揭层透明蒲片,光镜下观察直肠黏膜下层微血管的构筑情况,测量黏膜下层毛细血管分部密度。结果上半直肠黏膜下层微动脉多呈环状分布,下半直肠黏膜下层微血管多呈纵行的丛状分布。在上半直肠前壁及直肠颈后壁中线部位存在毛细血管"相对低密度区"。结论直肠黏膜下层的微血管网、丛在整个直肠血供中起核心作用,在上半直肠前壁及直肠颈后壁中线部位存在毛细血管"相对低密度区"。     

食管胸部上段器官外供血动脉的解剖学观测

目的为探讨食管胸部上段供血动脉的来源及分支形态,以期为临床应用补充解剖学资料。方法利用成人、婴幼儿尸体25具,红色乳胶灌注后剥离,进行解剖学观察与测量。结果得出该段供血动脉主要来源于支气管动脉的分支,占该段食管供血动脉总支数的69.84%;供血动脉可游离长度平均为(20.46±14.37)cm,起点外径平均为(1.32±0.40)cm;分支主要有两种类型,分支间存在吻合。结论食管腹段来源相对恒定,分支比较复杂,其血供评价单纯从器官外角度是丰富的,但应综合考虑器官内外的血管构筑。     

食管胸部下段器官外供血动脉的解剖学观测

为探讨食管胸部下段供血动脉的来源及分支形态,以期为临床应用补充解剖学资料,本文利用成、幼尸体25具,红色乳胶灌注后剥离,进行解剖学观察与测量,得出该段供血动脉主要来源于胸主动脉的分支,占该段食管供血动脉总支数的68.33%;供血动脉可游离长度平均为(20.46±14.37)cm,起点外径平均为(1.32±0.40);分支主要有两种类型,分支间存在吻合。结论为食管腹段来源相对恒定,分支比较复杂,其血供评价单纯从器官外角度是丰富的,但应综合考虑器官内外的血管构筑。     

直肠及其系膜神经分布

目的:研究直肠及其系膜神经的走行、分布及神经纤维的来源.方法:在经防腐固定的成人尸体标本上进行显微解剖观察与测量:于手术显微镜下,自系膜及直肠壁游离神经,剥离神经外膜,分离神经束并追踪各分支;采用防腐固定的直肠及其系膜标本进行Sihler神经染色并观察.结果:直肠及其系膜神经分为3丛,其主干分别伴直肠上动脉与乙状结肠动脉吻合支、直肠上动脉、直肠下动脉走行.神经分布相互重叠.Sihler染色结果支持相关神经的形态学特征.结论:直肠及其系膜神经伴相邻血管走行,神经分布密集,重叠分布区广泛.     

食管各段供血动脉的分支与吻合的解剖学观察

目的探讨及总结食管各段供血动脉的分支与吻合情况,以期为临床应用补充解剖学资料。方法利用成人、幼儿尸体25具,红色乳胶灌注后剥离,进行解剖学观察与测量。结论食管各段供血动脉分支具有多型性、吻合具有广泛性的特点,并对其分支与吻合进行系统的分类。结论食管多段供血动脉的分支与吻合丰富。     

食管颈段器官外供血动脉的解剖学观测

目的探讨食管颈段供血动脉的来源及分布情况,为临床应用补充解剖学资料。方法利用成、幼年尸体25具,红色乳胶灌注后剥离,进行解剖学观察与测量。结果得出该部供血动脉主要来源于甲状腺下动脉的分支,占该段食管供血动脉总支数的71.43%;供血动脉可游离长度平均为(16.01±9.15)cm,起点外径平均为(0.94±0.26)cm。结论其血供评价单纯从器官外角度是丰富的,但应综合考虑器官内外的血管构筑。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995