Association of cancer with AIDS-related immunosuppression in adults

CONTEXT: Large-scale studies are needed to determine if cancers other than Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer occur in excess in persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). OBJECTIVES: To examine the general cancer pattern among adults with HIV/AIDS and to distinguish immunosuppression-associated cancers from other cancers that may occur in excess among persons with HIV/AIDS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND SUBJECTS: Analysis of linked population-based AIDS and cancer registry data from 11 geographically diverse areas in the United States, including 302 834 adults aged 15 to 69 years with HIV/AIDS. The period of study varied by registry between 1978 and 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relative risks (RRs) of cancers, calculated by dividing the number of observed cancer cases by the number expected based on contemporaneous population-based incidence rates. We defined cancers potentially influenced by immunosuppression by 3 criteria: (1) elevated overall RR in the period from 60 months before to 27 months after AIDS; (2) elevated RR in the 4- to 27-month post-AIDS period; and (3) increasing trend in RR from before to after AIDS onset. RESULTS: Expected excesses were observed for the AIDS-defining cancers, but non-AIDS-defining cancers also occurred in statistically significant excess (n = 4422; overall RR, 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.7-2.8). Of individual cancers, only Hodgkin disease (n = 612; RR, 11.5; 95% CI, 10.6-12.5), particularly of the mixed cellularity (n = 217; RR, 18.3; 95% CI, 15.9-20.9) and lymphocytic depletion (n = 36; RR, 35.3; 95% CI, 24.7-48.8) subtypes; lung cancer (n = 808; RR, 4.5; 95% CI, 4.2-4.8); penile cancer (n = 14; RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.1-6.5); soft tissue malignancies (n = 78; RR, 3.3; 95% CI, 2.6-4.1); lip cancer (n = 20; RR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-4.8); and testicular seminoma (n = 115; RR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.7-2.4) met all 3 criteria for potential association with immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: Although occurring in overall excess, most non-AIDS-defining cancers do not appear to be influenced by the advancing immunosuppression associated with HIV disease progression. Some cancers that met our criteria for potential association with immunosuppression may have occurred in excess in persons with HIV/AIDS because of heavy smoking (lung cancer), frequent exposure to human papillomavirus (penile cancer), or inaccurately recorded cases of Kaposi sarcoma (soft tissue malignancies) in these persons. However, Hodgkin disease, notably of the mixed cellularity and lymphocytic depletion subtypes, and possibly lip cancer and testicular seminoma may be genuinely influenced by immunosuppression.     

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with advanced HIV infection treated with zidovudine

We wished to determine the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus-related high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and identify factors associated with the development of NHL in patients receiving zidovudine. Data are from a 2-year prospective, observational, multisite study of 1030 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and advanced AIDS-related complex who received zidovudine. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed in 24 (2.3%) of 1030 patients who received zidovudine during 1463 person-years of follow-up (rate, 1.6 per 100 person-years of therapy). The relative hazard for development of NHL was stable throughout 2 years of therapy, with the risk of developing NHL 0.8% for each additional 6 months of therapy. Factors associated with development of NHL were a prior diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, herpes simplex virus infection, or lower mean neutrophil count. Less strongly associated was a prior diagnosis of oral hairy leukoplakia or homosexual transmission of HIV. By Cox proportional hazards analysis, a prior diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma, cytomegalovirus disease, or oral hairy leukoplakia was most strongly associated with development of NHL. Our study demonstrates a relatively high incidence of NHL in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus disease who are undergoing antiretroviral therapy and suggests possible risk factors for development of NHL.     

Predictors of acute complications in children with type 1 diabetes

CONTEXT: Diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia are acute complications of type 1 diabetes that are related, respectively, to insufficient or excessive insulin treatment. However, little is known about additional modifiable risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia in children with diabetes and to determine the factors that predict these complications. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 1243 children from infancy to age 19 years with type 1 diabetes who resided in the Denver, Colo, metropolitan area were followed up prospectively for 3994 person-years from January 1, 1996, through December 31, 2000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence of ketoacidosis leading to hospital admission or emergency department visit and severe hypoglycemia (loss of consciousness, seizure, or hospital admission or emergency department visit). RESULTS: The incidence of ketoacidosis was 8 per 100 person-years and increased with age in girls (4 per 100 person-years in < 7; 8 in 7-12; and 12 in > or =13 years; P<.001 for trend). In multivariate analyses, sex-adjusted and stratified by age (<13 vs > or =13 years), the risk of ketoacidosis in younger children increased with higher hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) (relative risk [RR], 1.68 per 1% increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.45-1.94) and higher reported insulin dose (RR, 1.40 per 0.2 U/kg per day; 95% CI, 1.20-1.64). In older children, the risk of ketoacidosis increased with higher HbA(1c) (RR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.30-1.58), higher reported insulin dose (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.02-1.25), underinsurance (RR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.65-2.95), and presence of psychiatric disorders (for boys, RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.96-2.65; for girls, RR, 3.22; 95% CI, 2.25-4.61). The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was 19 per 100 person-years (P<.001 for trend) and decreased with age in girls (24 per 100 patient-years in < 7, 19 in 7-12, and 14 in > or =13 years). In younger children, the risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with diabetes duration (RR, 1.39 per 5 years; 95% CI, 1.16-1.69) and underinsurance (RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.08-1.65). In older children, the risk of severe hypoglycemia increased with duration (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.25-1.51), underinsurance (RR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.11-1.81), lower HbA(1c) (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.32), and presence of psychiatric disorders (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.23-1.98). Eighty percent of episodes occurred among the 20% of children who had recurrent events. CONCLUSIONS: Some children with diabetes remain at high risk for ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia. Age- and sex-specific incidence patterns suggest that ketoacidosis is a challenge in adolescent girls while severe hypoglycemia continues to affect disproportionally the youngest patients and boys of all ages. The pattern of modifiable risk factors indicates that underinsured children and those with psychiatric disorders or at the extremes of the HbA(1c) distribution should be targeted for specific interventions.     

Diagnostic x-ray procedures and risk of leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma

Exposure to diagnostic x-rays and the risk of leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma were studied within two prepaid health plans. Adult patients with leukemia (n = 565), NHL (n = 318), and multiple myeloma (n = 208) were matched to controls (n = 1390), and over 25,000 x-ray procedures were abstracted from medical records. Dose response was evaluated by assigning each x-ray procedure a score based on estimated bone marrow dose. X-ray exposure was not associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, one of the few malignant conditions never linked to radiation (relative risk [RR], 0.66). For all other forms of leukemia combined (n = 358), there was a slight elevation in risk (RR, 1.17) but no evidence of a dose-response relationship when x-ray procedures near the time of diagnosis were excluded. Similarly, patients with NHL were exposed to diagnostic x-ray procedures more often than controls (RR, 1.32), but the RR fell to 0.99 when the exposure to diagnostic x-ray procedures within 2 years of diagnosis was ignored. For multiple myeloma, overall risk was not significantly high (RR, 1.14), but there was consistent evidence of increasing risk with increasing numbers of diagnostic x-ray procedures. These data suggest that persons with leukemia and NHL undergo x-ray procedures frequently just prior to diagnosis for conditions related to the development or natural history of their disease. There was little evidence that diagnostic x-ray procedures were causally associated with leukemia or NHL. The risk for multiple myeloma, however, was increased among those patients who were frequently exposed to x-rays.     

改良CHOP方案联合粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗老年非霍奇金淋巴瘤临床观察

目的应用改良CHOP方案联合粒细胞集落刺激因子（G—CSF）治疗老年非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）,探讨其疗效和不良反应。方法选择60～75岁非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者,应用改良CHOP方案联合G—CSF治疗4～6个周期,观察其疗效。结果完全缓解11例,部分缓解14例,有效率为96．15％。骨髓抑制较轻,心脏不良反应发生率低。结论改良CHOP方案联合G—CSF治疗老年NHL疗效高,不良反应少。     

Concurrent mycobacterial infection and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma at the same site in an AIDS patient

A 31 years old Chinese male with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) presented with concurrent mycobacterial infection and a synchronous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the nose. The diagnoses were made over a period of two months. Treatment for the mycobacterial infection was administered but he succumbed to the disease shortly after the diagnosis of NHL was established. This was an unusual case where two pathologies occurred in the same site in a patient with AIDS.     

以突眼起病的儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤11例

目的 了解以突眼起病儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤的临床、病理、影像学特点及其疗效和预后.方法 对中山大学附属肿瘤防治中心儿童肿瘤科2004年4月至2010年10月收治的11例以突眼起病的非霍奇金淋巴瘤患儿资料进行临床分析.结果 11例患儿首发症状为单眼眼球突出或双眼眼球突出,有或无其他伴随症状.11例患儿病变部位病理活检均符合淋巴瘤改变.经化疗、手术及放疗等综合治疗,81.8%(9/11)的患儿完全缓解并生存至今.中位随访82个月,死亡2例,均死于肿瘤进展,1例左眼失明,2例右眼失明.1例原发颅内间变大细胞性淋巴瘤的患儿出现颅脑迟发性反射性损伤.结论 眼球突出是儿童非霍奇金淋巴瘤的特殊临床表现,疾病早期容易误诊,怀疑本病应尽早行病理活检以明确诊断,如及早确诊并综合治疗,预后良好.     

Survival time of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: experience with 274 patients in Dar-es-Salaam

To determine the survival time once acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has developed, we analysed case records of 274 patients confirmed to have died of the disease. Of the 274 patients 193 were males and 81 females (M:F 2:1). The duration of symptoms ranged from a few weeks to two years but over 70% had apparently enjoyed good health until 2-3 months before diagnosis. Weight loss, severe weakness, chronic diarrhoea, prolonged fevers and oro-pharyngeal candidosis were the commonest features. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was the presenting feature in 2 (0.7%) patients. Frequent concurrent illnesses included tuberculosis (19%), unspecified (23%) and skin lesions other than KS (24%). In 31 (11.3%) patients no concurrent illness was detected. The survival after one week was 63.5% and 7.5% at the end of three months. These results indicate that due to a combination of factors survival of AIDS patients in developing countries is much shorter than in developed countries.     

骨髓活检和骨髓涂片在淋巴瘤骨髓浸润诊断中的价值

目的探讨骨髓活检和骨髓涂片在淋巴瘤骨髓浸润诊断中的价值。方法选择22例霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)和97例非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)患者,抽吸患者的骨髓液常规涂片作瑞特染色,用塑料包埋法制作组织切片,常规HE染色。结果22例HL患者中6例(27.3%)骨髓活检显示存在骨髓浸润,1例(4.5%)骨髓涂片阳性;97例NHL患者中39例(40.2%)骨髓活检存在骨髓浸润,15例(15.5%)骨髓涂片阳性,骨髓活检阳性率高于骨髓涂片(P<0.05)。结论骨髓活检更能准确反映淋巴瘤骨髓浸润,将其与骨髓涂片相结合对淋巴瘤诊断和分期具有重要意义。     

Pediatric pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma: analysis of 10 years data from a single center

Several reports indicate that lungs are the extralymphatic site most commonly affected in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma; however, the data in children are rather limited. This retrospective study aimed to assess the frequency, clinical picture, and the impact on prognosis in children with pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma, who were diagnosed and treated in a single center during a 10-year period. Pulmonary lesions related to HL: nodules and parenchymal infiltrates with cavitations were found in 3 of 32 (9.4%) patients; in 2 cases these were found as the concomitant manifestation whereas in 1 case as the solitary form (Primary Pulmonary Hodgkin Lymphoma). B-DOPA and MVPP chemotherapy combined with mediastinal and pulmonary irradiation resulted in sustained remissions in all 3 patients, lasting 3, 7, and 64 months, respectively. Lung involvement occurs in up to 10% of children with Hodgkin lymphoma. Primary pulmonary Hodgkin lymphoma is a rare and atypical form of Hodgkin lymphoma; thus is associated with delayed diagnosis which does not seem to affect prognosis. It should be suspected in a child with non-resolving pneumonia and pulmonary parenchymal infiltrates with cavitations.     

Incidence of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in HIV-infected women

CONTEXT: Women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at increased risk for cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs), the precursors to invasive cervical cancer. However, little is known about the causes of this association. OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of SILs in HIV-infected vs uninfected women and to determine the role of risk factors in the pathogenesis of such lesions. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study conducted from October 1,1991, to June 30, 1996. SETTING: Urban clinics for sexually transmitted diseases, HIV infection, and methadone maintenance. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 328 HIV-infected and 325 uninfected women with no evidence of SILs by Papanicolaou test or colposcopy at study entry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident SILs confirmed by biopsy, compared by HIV status and risk factors. RESULTS: During about 30 months of follow-up, 67 (20%) HIV-infected and 16 (5%) uninfected women developed a SIL (incidence of 8.3 and 1.8 cases per 100 person-years in sociodemographically similar infected and uninfected women, respectively [P<.001]). Of incident SILs, 91% were low grade in HIV-infected women vs 75% in uninfected women. No invasive cervical cancers were identified. By multivariate analysis, significant risk factors for incident SILs were HIV infection (relative risk [RR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-6.1), transient human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection (RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 1.4-21.9), persistent HPV DNA types other than 16 or 18 (RR, 7.6; 95% CI, 1.9-30.3), persistent HPV DNA types 16 and 18 (RR, 11.6; 95% CI, 2.7-50.7), and younger age (<37.5 years; RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, 1 in 5 HIV-infected women with no evidence of cervical disease developed biopsy-confirmed SILs within 3 years, highlighting the importance of cervical cancer screening programs in this population.     

儿童恶性淋巴瘤48例诊治分析

目的:探讨儿童恶性淋巴瘤的临床表现特点、诊断及治疗方法。方法:对48例小儿恶性淋巴瘤患者的临床表现、发病特点、病理分型、治疗及预后资料进行回顾性分析。结果:本组48例中男33例,女15例。年龄2～14岁,平均9.6岁,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(NHL)41例,占85.42%;霍奇金淋巴瘤(HL)7例,占14.58%;Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患儿8例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ期患儿40例;浅表淋巴结肿大为首发症状者32例;病理类型中,NHL以淋巴母细胞型最多见(占43.90%),HL以混合细胞型多见(占42.86%);NHL易发生骨髓浸润和中枢神经系统侵犯。总体治疗率低。结论:儿童恶性淋巴瘤早期临床表现具有多样性,且不典型,易误诊;预后与病期及治疗相关。     

原发性腮腺淋巴瘤的临床病理特点及预后分析

目的: 探讨原发性腮腺淋巴瘤的临床病理特点及影响其预后的因素。方法: 收集2006—2016年于北京大学口腔医院口腔颌面外科就诊并诊断为原发性腮腺淋巴瘤患者的相关临床资料,结合复查随访资料,回顾性总结其临床病理特点及患者预后,分析影响预后的相关因素。结果:研究共纳入41例患者,中位年龄57岁(8个月至91岁),男 ∶女=1 ∶2.15,女性多见。40例(97.1%)为非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin lymphoma,NHL),其中结外边缘区黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤(extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue,MALT)15例,弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(diffuse large B cell lymphoma,DLBCL)14例,滤泡型淋巴瘤(follicular lymphoma,FL)4例,其他类型少见,霍奇金淋巴瘤(Hodgkin lymphoma,HL)仅占1例。Ann Arbor ⅠE~ⅡE期37例(90.2%),ⅢE~ⅣE期4例(9.8%)。7例(17.1%)淋巴瘤由干燥综合征恶变而来,均为MALT淋巴瘤。平均病期为20.7月,78%的患者以腮腺区缓慢生长的无痛性肿块为主要症状。治疗方法包括局部治疗及系统治疗,不同治疗方案均可取得较好疗效。全部患者均经5~149个月随访,其中9例(21.9%)死亡,2年总生存率为84.5%,5年总生存率为81.3%。单因素分析显示有无肿物加速生长史(P=0.005)和肿物有无包膜(P=0.011)为总生存率的影响因素,多因素分析显示肿物有无包膜(P=0.041)影响患者的总生存期。结论:腮腺淋巴瘤绝大多数为B细胞型NHL,MALT淋巴瘤与DLBCL最为常见,大部分患者表现为缓慢生长的腮腺区局限性肿块,临床上需与腮腺良性肿瘤相鉴别。干燥综合征与MALT淋巴瘤的发病密切相关。原发性腮腺淋巴瘤患者预后比其他恶性肿瘤相对较好,肿物无包膜提示预后较差。     

2015—2019年宁波市0~36月龄婴幼儿癫痫发病的流行病学研究

目的: 描述浙江省宁波市0~36月龄婴幼儿癫痫发病的三间分布及其变化趋势。方法: 采用出生队列设计,回顾性收集2015—2019年宁波市全民健康信息平台中本地出生的婴幼儿,以平台内电子病历首次癫痫就诊作为新发病例。采用泊松分布估算癫痫发病密度及其95%CI。结果: 2015—2019年宁波市累计出生29.49万儿童,男性占51.92%,总人年59.53万,中位随访人年2.31年[四分位距(interquartile range, IQR):1.90]。观察期间癫痫新发575例,总就诊人次2 599,平均就诊人次4.52,总发病密度96.59/10万人年(95%CI:88.85~104.82)。中位发病月龄13月龄(IQR:15),0~12月龄发病密度最高(102.18/10万人年),25~36月龄最低(89.68/10万人年),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性发病密度97.58/10万人年,女性95.53/10万人年,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。下辖10个区县中,奉化最高(130.54/10万人年,95%CI:94.47~175.83),宁海最低(66.44/10万人年,95%CI:47.02~91.19), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同出生年份发病差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同日历年0~12月龄发病密度差异有统计学意义(P_trend<0.05)。该年龄组下, 2015年发病密度最低(69.41/10万人年,95%CI:41.79~108.39), 2019年最高(225.61/10万人年,95%CI:186.10~271.03)。不同日历年13~24、25~36月龄发病密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论: 2015—2019年宁波市0~36月龄婴幼儿癫痫发病密度整体较低,年龄组、性别、出生年份等发病密度差异均无统计学意义,0~12月龄婴幼儿发病密度随年份呈递增趋势。     

From persistent generalised lymphadenopathy to AIDS: who will progress?

The current rate of progression of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was tested in a cohort of 105 homosexual men in London, UK. 5 patients were lost to follow-up, and the remaining 100 were seen every 3 months. All tested positive for the human immunodeficiency virus antibody. Previous clinical observations had shown oral candida; anemia; leucopenia; thrombocytopenia; enthrocyte sedimentation rate 15 mm in the 1st hour to be possible predictors of AIDS. 5 of the 13 patients who developed AIDS during a mean follow-up period of 22 months (range 12-32) developed Pneumocystis carinii; 5 Karposi's sarcoma; 1 both; 1 P carinii and cryptosporidiosis; and 1 cryptococcal meningitis. A life table technic calculation showed that over 3 years the probability of patients with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy progressing to AIDS was 20.9%. Of the clinical features examined, those most likely to indicate progression to AIDS were Oral candida (relative risk (RR)=12); Lymphopenia (RR=7); Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 15mm (RR=7); and anemia (RR=6). There were figures for median time before AIDS onset and the range of variation of these median times for these symptoms, e.g. oral candida, 8 months median; range of 1-24 months. Similar prospective studies performed in the US are reviewed. It is determined that a clinical examination and hematological measurements are useful in determining progression risk.     

乙肝病毒感染的恶性淋巴瘤患者化疗后肝功能变化

目的:研究乙肝病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)感染的恶性淋巴瘤患者化疗后肝功能变化。方法:收集本院确诊HBV感染恶性淋巴瘤接受化疗患者278例,检测并比较HBV感染合并霍奇金淋巴瘤(hodgkin’s lymphoma,HL)及非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non hodgkin lymphoma,NHL)患者化疗后肝功能变化特点。结果:HBV感染的恶性淋巴瘤患者化疗后肝功能损害发生率47.8%(133/278)。HL组肝功能损害发生率37.0%,低于NHL组的54.7%(χ~2=8.263,P=0.003),HL组重度肝功能损害(Ⅲ度+Ⅳ度)率3.7%(4/108),低于NHL组的13.5%(23/170)(χ~2=7.271,P=0.005)。治疗前HBV-DNA>104copy/m L患者肝功能损害发生率42.3%(58/137),<104 copy/m L患者肝功能损害发生率53.2%(75/141),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.282,P=0.045);但是治疗前HBV-DNA>104 copy/m L患者重度肝功能损害发生率14.6%(20/137)高于<104 copy/m L患者重度肝功能损害发生率5.0%(7/141)(χ~2=7.355,P=0.006)。结论:恶性淋巴瘤合并乙肝病毒感染化疗后肝功能损害明显,NHL患者更易感染,临床诊疗时需注意监测并及时处理。     

环境接触青石棉肿瘤发生危险的15年随访调查

目的探讨环境接触青石棉队列人群患肿瘤的危险。方法采用回顾队列调查方法对大姚县6254人进行15年(1987～2001)的追踪研究，调查石棉相关肿瘤的死亡率及相对危险度(RR)。结果观察组中有186例死于癌症，死亡率为2160．5／10^6人年(RR=1．293；95％CI：1．032～1．618)。其中20例间皮瘤，死亡率为232．3／10^6人年(RR=17．929；95％CI：2．406～133．592)，男女分别为267．5／10^6人年和186．7／10^6人年；56例死于肺癌，死亡率(650．5／10^6人年)的增加与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(RR=1．434；95％CI：0．968～2．486)；胃肠道肿瘤的死亡率在两组中差异无统计学意义(P＞0．05)，但在观察组男性中患肠癌的危险显著增加(RR=3．781；95％CI：1．077～13．270)。结论环境接触青石棉后人群患间皮瘤的危险明显增加，男性患肠癌危险度的增加需进一步证实。     

原发性结外淋巴瘤330例分析

报告了 1974年～ 1998年我院诊治的 330例结外淋巴瘤 ,占同期疾病的 35 .7%。其中霍奇金病 (HD) 2 2例 ,非霍奇金淋巴瘤 (NHL) 30 8例。发病部位以鼻咽、扁桃体为最多 ,占 42 .1% ,其次为胃肠道占 2 5 .5 %。结外淋巴瘤的平均发病年龄为 42 .7岁 ,胃肠道淋巴瘤的平均发病年龄为 46 .7岁。     

18 F-FDG PET/CT显像在评价不同病理亚型淋巴瘤疗效方面的价值

目的：探讨18 F-脱氧葡萄糖(18 F-FDG) PET/CT在不同病理亚型淋巴瘤疗效的评估价值。方法收集我科近4年来治疗前后均行PET/CT检查的淋巴瘤患者资料,同时根据自愿原则随机选取治疗前已行PET/CT检查的淋巴瘤患者,于治疗2~4个疗程后再次行PET/CT检查。回顾性分析并比较43例不同病理亚型淋巴瘤病灶(包括淋巴结病灶和结外灶)治疗前最大标准摄取值( SUVmax )、滞留指数( RI)和治疗后的SUVmax并进行统计学分析。所有病例随访至少3个月。结果治疗前霍奇金淋巴瘤( HL)与非霍奇金淋巴瘤( NHL)的病灶间平均SUVmax比较及RI比较差异无统计学意义。治疗前不同病理亚型的NHL淋巴瘤病灶平均SUVmax及RI与NHL的侵袭性呈正相关性,与淋巴瘤的分期无明显相关;治疗后43例患者达到完全缓解23例,部分缓解16例,疾病稳定状态1例,复发或进展3例。治疗前后淋巴瘤病灶的SUVmax差异有统计学意义(P<0．01)。结论18 F-FDG PET/CT显像对淋巴瘤患者治疗前后病灶平均SUVmax及RI的比较分析能有效评价疗效、判断预后,并为进一步治疗方案制定提供帮助和指导。