高效液相色谱法测定奈韦拉平片有关物质及其含量

目的采用高效液相色谱仪建立奈韦拉平片中有关物质及其含量的测定方法,为其质量控制提供参考。方法采用ODS-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.025mol/L磷酸二氢铵溶液(20∶80);流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长:220nm。结果线性范围为5～100μg/ml(r=1.000 0)检测限为0.9ng,样品在24h内稳定性、精密度良好,RSD=0.2%,平均回收率为100.36%。结论所建立的高效液相色谱法简便、快速、准确、专属性高,适用于奈韦拉平片中有关物质及其含量的测定。     

荧光淬灭法分析奈韦拉平含量

目的建立测定奈韦拉平含量的新方法。方法采用合成的荧光试剂[Ni(phen)2PHPIP].2ClO4],在激发波长226 nm,发射波长340 nm的条件下,用荧光淬灭法测定奈韦拉平。结果在pH 6.0的磷酸盐缓冲介质中,荧光试剂的荧光淬灭程度与奈韦拉平浓度呈良好的线性关系。奈韦拉平的线性范围为5.0×10-7~1.0×10-5mol/L,检测限为1.0×10-7mol/L,相关系数0.9946,奈韦拉平回收率102%(n=5),RSD 2.57%,日内及日间RSD分别为2.64%和3.77%(n=5)。结论测定奈韦拉平含量的荧光淬灭方法具有杂质干扰少、操作简便等优点。     

HPLC法测定奈韦拉平片有关物质及含量

目的 建立HPLC法对奈韦拉平片剂有关物质及含量进行测定,为本品的检验质控提供参考。方法 采用岛津ODS-C18 柱(250mm?4.6mm,5μm);流动相：乙腈-0.025 moL.L-1磷酸二氢铵溶液(用氢氧化钠调ph=5.0)(20:80);流速：1.0 mL.min-1 ;检测波长：220nm。     

卡托普利片含量及有关物质测定方法

目的　用改良的高效液相色谱法测定卡托普利片含量和有关物质。方法　采用DiamonsilC18( 15 0mm× 4 .6mm 5 μm)色谱柱 ,流动相 :乙腈 :0 .0 5 %磷酸水溶液 =2 6∶74 ,柱温 4 0℃ ,流速 1.0mL/min ,检测波长 2 2 0mm ,按峰面积外标法计算。结果　卡托普利在 5 .0 4～ 15 0 μm/mL范围内和卡托普利二硫化物在 1.5 12～ 4 5μm/mL范围内线性良好 ,卡托普利线性方程为 ρ =14 .36A - 10 .80 (r =0 .9998,n =5 ) ,卡托普利二硫化物线性方程为 ρ =15 .81A - 10 .0 2 (r =0 .9996 ,n =5 ) ,加样回收率为 99.5 8～ 10 1.83% (n =5 ) ,日内、日间RSD <2 .10 % (n =5 )。卡托普利最低检出浓度为 0 .17μg/mL ,卡托普利二硫化物为 0 .4 5 μg/mL。测得几个厂家的样品含量均合格 ,但有差异 ;有关物质二硫化物的含量小于 3% ,均合格。结论　本方法简便 ,快速 ,结果准确 ,可靠 ,重现性好     

HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中昂丹司琼含量

目的建立高灵敏度HPLC法测定大鼠血浆中昂丹司琼含量.方法大鼠血浆样本用乙酸乙酯液-液萃取后,采用Waters Atlantis C18（150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）色谱柱,以奈韦拉平为内标,流动相为乙腈：0.002μL/mL磷酸二氢钾缓冲液（用磷酸调pH到3.3）=30：70,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长310nm.结果血浆中昂丹司琼2～1 000 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,批内、批间精密度分别〈5.1%和7.7%,昂丹司琼提取回收率为90.4%～94.1%.结论 HPLC方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于昂丹司琼血浆浓渡的测定及其药理实验研究.     

高效液相法同时测定复方布比卡因乳膏中两组分的含量

目的建立测定复方布比卡因乳膏中利多卡因和布比卡因的含量方法。方法采用HPLC法同时检测两组分含量。色谱柱 :KromasilC18柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 .6mm ,5 μm) ;流动相 :甲醇 -醋酸盐缓冲液 (pH4 .6 ) =6 5∶35 ;流速 :1.0mL/min ;检测波长 :2 4 5nm ;进样量 :2 0 μL。 结果空白基质对两组分测定无干扰 ,在 5 0～ 30 0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好 (r=0 .9999)。利多卡因和布比卡因的回收率分别为 10 0 .1% (RSD =1.2 8% )和 99.0 % (RSD =0 .84 % )。结论本方法快速简便、准确可靠 ,可同时测定复方布比卡因乳膏中利多卡因和布比卡因的含量     

高效液相色谱法测定痛宁康胶囊中士的宁的含量

目的 :建立痛宁康胶囊中士的宁的HPLC含量测定方法。方法 :采用ZorbaxSB -18硅胶柱 ( 4 .6mm× 2 5 0mm ,5 μm) ,流动相 :ψ( 甲醇∶浓氨水 ∶ 1moL/L硝酸铵 ) =2 7∶ 0 .1∶ 0 .0 5 ,流速 :1.0mL/min ,检测波长为 2 5 4nm。结果 :线性范围 :0 .5～ 2 .5 μg(r =0 .9998) ,平均回收率为 96.88% ,RSD =2 .99%。结论 :本法简便、快速、准确     

RP-HPLC测定葛根芩连汤有效部位中黄芩苷和葛根素的含量

目的　建立葛根芩连汤有效部位中黄芩苷和葛根素的RP HPLC含量测定方法。方法　采用YWG C18色谱柱 (2 5 0mm× 4 6mm ,10 μm) ,黄芩苷含量测定流动相为甲醇 -水 -磷酸 (47∶ 5 3∶0 2 ) ,流速 :1 0mL/min ,检测波长 :2 80nm ;葛根素含量测定流动相为甲醇 -水 (2 5∶ 75 ) ,流速 :1 0mL/min ,检测波长 :2 5 0nm。结果　黄芩苷平均回收率为 98 61% ,RSD =2 77% (n =5 ) ;葛根素平均回收率为 10 2 4 % ,RSD =2 70 % (n =5 )。结论　所建立的方法简便、准确 ,可作为葛根芩连汤有效部位的质量控制方法     

反相HPLC法对奈达铂原料及其制剂的含量和有关物质的测定

目的 探讨反相HPLC法测定奈达铂和注射用奈达铂的含量和有关物质的可行性.方法 反相HPLC法检测5批奈达铂,3个规格7批注射用奈达铂的专属性与耐受性、线性关系、检出限、定量限、重复性与稳定性以及样品含量和有关物质.色谱条件:特定品牌C18柱;流动相为辛烷磺酸钠溶液-乙腈,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温40℃,检测波长220 nm.结果 奈达铂浓度为0.025～4.00 mg/mL浓度范围内,与峰面积线性关系良好(相关系数r=0.9998),检出限为0.05036 μg/mL,定量限为0.1259 μg/mL.结论 反相HPLC法方法简便,结果准确,适用于对奈达铂和注射用奈达铂的质量控制.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定黄连解毒片中黄芩苷的含量

目的 :建立反相高效液相色谱法 (HPLC)测定黄连解毒片中黄芩苷含量方法 ,为控制黄连解毒片的质量提供依据。方法 :色谱柱为HypersilC18柱 (5 μm ,4 .6mm× 15 0mm) ,柱温为室温 ,流速为 1.0mL/min ,检测波长为 2 80nm ,以 ψ(甲醇 ∶水 ) =5 0∶5 0用磷酸调pH =3为流动相 ,室温操作。结果 :按黄芩苷峰计算应不低于 2 5 0 0 ,该方法线性范围为 2～ 10 μg/mL ,r=0 .9999,平均回收率为 99.92 % (RSD =0 .4 % ,n =5 )。结论 :本方法测定黄连解毒片中黄芩苷含量 ,简便和准确 ,结果稳定 ,重复性好 ,可用于控制该片剂的质量     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.