Up-regulated expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 in human colon adenocarcinoma

Deregulated expression of Notch molecules is observed in many malignant tumors, however, the expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 in colon adenocarcinoma is still unknown. This study is to investigate the expression of Notch1 and Jagged1 in human colon adenocarcinoma. Sixty-five human colon adenocarcinoma and 60 adjacent nontumor colon tissue sections were detected by immunohistochemistry. Ten paired fresh surgical human colon adenocarcinoma and adjacent nontumor colon samples were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR. Both Notch1 and Jagged1 were expressed in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells of colon adenocarcinoma tissue. The protein and mRNA levels of both molecules were higher in colon adenocarcinoma than in adjacent nontumor tissue. Moreover, Notch1 was positively correlated with tumor stage. This investigation demonstrates that Notch1 and Jagged1 are up-regulated in human colon adenocarcinoma and suggests that Notch1/Jagged1 signaling might play a role in the development of colon adenocarcinoma.     

Notch1通过非经典的Notch信号通路调节胰腺星形细胞的活化

目的:探讨Notch1在胰腺星形细胞(pancreatic stellate cells,PSCs)活化中的作用。方法:利用免疫组织化学法与免疫荧光双标法检测Notch1在人胰腺导管腺癌(pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma,PDAC)组织的表达情况;原代分离培养小鼠PSCs,利用油红O染色、Western blot及RT-qPCR法对其进行鉴定,并利用Western blot及RT-qPCR检测Notch1及其下游关键分子HES1的表达情况;转染Notch1小干扰RNA(Notch1 siRNA)至小鼠PSCs后,利用Western blot检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、纤连蛋白(fibronectin)、I型胶原(collagen typeⅠ,ColⅠ)、Notch1及HES1的表达情况;利用划痕实验与CCK-8实验检测Notch1 siRNA对小鼠PSCs迁移与细胞活力的影响。结果:免疫组化与免疫荧光双标染色结果显示,Notch1表达在α-SMA阳性的PDAC间质细胞中;成功培养了小鼠PSCs细胞,且...     

Mcl-1信号通路阻断剂对H37Rv感染小鼠巨噬细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨Mcl-1信号通路阻断剂在结核分枝杆菌H37Rv感染小鼠模型中对Mcl-1表达、巨噬细胞凋亡情况及结核分枝杆菌的影响。方法:小鼠腹腔注射H37Rv菌悬液,建立感染小鼠模型,针对Mcl-1的信号通路选用JAK/STAT信号通路阻断剂AG490、MAPK信号通路阻断剂PD98059和PI3K信号通路阻断剂LY294002用腹腔注射方式作用于各组感染小鼠模型,分为H37Rv感染组、AG490处理组、PD98059处理组、LY294002处理组和对照组。通过细胞抗酸染色观察结核分枝杆菌H37Rv感染小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的动物模型是否建立成功;通过免疫细胞化学检测结核分枝杆菌H37Rv感染巨噬细胞的Mcl-1表达情况,使用流式细胞技术检测各组巨噬细胞的凋亡率,采用结核分枝杆菌菌落计数来判断巨噬细胞凋亡对结核分枝杆菌的清除效果。结果:细胞抗酸染色结果可见感染的巨噬细胞内散在排列的红色短小抗酸结核分枝杆菌。免疫细胞化学结果显示H37Rv感染组、AG490处理组和LY294002处理组中的Mcl-1蛋白为强阳性表达,PD98059处理组中Mcl-1蛋白为弱阳性表达,对照组Mcl-1蛋白为阴性表达。流式细胞术检测发现H37Rv感染组巨噬细胞凋亡率较对照组高,PD98059处理组的凋亡率显著高于各组,差异显著(P0.05)。结核分枝杆菌菌落计数结果显示PD98059处理组对H37Rv菌株抑菌作用最明显。结论:Mcl-1信号通路阻断剂通过抑制JAK/STAT、MAPK和PI3K信号通路增加结核分枝杆菌H37Rv感染巨噬细胞的凋亡率,抑制结核分枝杆菌生长;其中,MAPK信号通路干扰Mcl-1的作用最明显,感染的巨噬细胞凋亡率最高,抑菌作用最强。     

抑制Mcl-1表达调控结核感染的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡的机制初探

目的:应用Mcl-1-shRNA质粒抑制不同毒力结核分枝杆菌(MTB)菌株感染的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中Mcl-1的表达,通过观察Bcl-2和Bax表达的变化探讨其调控机制。方法:制备不同毒力MTB菌株悬液,分别感染BALB/c小鼠,再用Mcl-1-shRNA质粒处理感染小鼠模型,并同时设立对应的对照组,于处理后1 d、3 d、5 d和7d处死小鼠并收集腹腔巨噬细胞。应用流式细胞术检测不同处理时间、不同毒力菌株感染时小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的凋亡率,real-time PCR和Western blot检测Bcl-2和Bax的表达。结果:Mcl-1-shRNA质粒处理后,不同毒力MTB菌株感染的小鼠巨噬细胞凋亡率均比对照组有不同程度的增高,其中以BCG和H37Ra组最明显(P 0. 05); Bcl-2的mRNA和蛋白水平显著减少,而Bax的mRNA和蛋白的表达均显著增加,以BCG感染组较为显著,且二者mRNA的比值与菌株毒力呈负相关(P 0. 05)。结论:抑制Mcl-1的表达可显著促进不同毒力MTB菌株感染的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡,其调控机制可能与Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达及MTB菌株毒力密切相关。     

miR-29a promotes intestinal epithelial apoptosis in ulcerative colitis by down-regulating Mcl-1

Objective: While it’s widely accepted that the etiology of ulcerative colitis (UC) involves both genetic and environmental factors, the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis is still poorly understood. Intestinal epithelial apoptosis is one of the most common histopathological changes of UC and the expression of a number of apoptosis genes may contribute to the progression of UC. MicroRNAs have recently emerged as powerful regulators of diverse cellular processes and have been shown to be involved in many immune-mediated disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and asthma. A unique microRNA expression profile has been identified in UC, suggesting that, microRNAs play an important role in the pathogenesis of UC. We investigated the role of miR-29a in intestinal epithelial apoptosis in UC. Methods: The expression of miR-29a and Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member, was evaluated in both UC patients and UC mice model induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). The apoptosis rate of intestinal epithelial cells was also evaluated. Results: In UC patients and DSS-induced UC in mice, the expression of miR-29a and Mcl-1, were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively. We identified a miR-29a binding site (7 nucleotides) on the 3’UTR of mcl-1 and mutation in this binding site on the 3’UTR of mcl-1 led to mis-match between miR-29a and mcl-1. Knockout of Mcl-1 caused apoptosis of the colonic epithelial HT29 cells. In addition, miR-29a regulated intestinal epithelial apoptosis by down-regulating the expression of Mcl-1. Conclusion: miR-29a is involved in the pathogenesis of UC by regulating intestinal epithelial apoptosis via Mcl-1.     

miR-363下调HepG2细胞Mcl-1蛋白的表达并诱导其凋亡

目的:探讨微小RNA-363(microRNA-363,miR-363)的作用靶点及其对Hep G2细胞的抑制作用。方法:通过生物信息学分析预测Mcl-1基因是否受microRNA调控。实时荧光定量PCR检测正常肝细胞系LO2及肝癌细胞系Hep G2、Huh7、PLC的miR-363和Mcl-1的表达水平。将miR-363转染人Hep G2细胞,检测miR-363对Mcl-1表达水平的影响。MTT法检测Hep G2细胞在转染miR-363后的相对细胞活力,Annexin V/PI染色法检测miR-363转染对Hep G2细胞凋亡的影响。结果:Mcl-1 mRNA 3’-非翻译区(3’-UTR)存在miR-363的假定结合位点,在肝癌细胞中转染miR-363后Mcl-1的表达下降。转染miR-363可抑制Hep G2细胞的活力并诱导其发生凋亡。结论:miR-363过表达可显著抑制Hep G2细胞的活力并诱导其发生凋亡,其机制可能与miR-363能下调Hep G2细胞Mcl-1蛋白的表达有关。     

Mcl-1基因及其在白血病的作用

Mcl-1（myeloid cell leukemia-1）基因作为Bcl-2家族成员之一,在细胞的生存凋亡,周期及分化调控中起着重要的作用。Mcl-1基因与血液系统恶性肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切的关系。     

Mcl-1表达沉默对肺癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的：研究Mcl?1对肺癌细胞PC?9增殖和凋亡的影响。方法利用Western印迹检测人正常肺上皮细胞及4种肺癌细胞株中Mcl?1的表达; CCK8细胞增殖实验、平板克隆形成实验观察Mcl?1表达沉默对PC?9细胞增殖的影响;并运用流式细胞仪观察Mcl?1沉默对PC?9细胞凋亡的影响。结果 Mcl?1在肺癌细胞株A549和PC?9中的表达水平较高;干扰Mcl?1表达能抑制PC?9细胞的生长（ P＜0?05）;经Mcl?1 siR?NA处理后PC?9细胞克隆形成率显著低于阴性对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0?05）。流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡结果显示,下调Mcl?1的表达水平可以明显提高PC?9肺癌细胞的凋亡比例。结论在肺癌细胞中沉默Mcl?1的表达,能够抑制肺癌细胞的增殖并促进肺癌细胞的凋亡,提示Mcl?1可能成为潜在的肺癌治疗靶点。     

Notch信号通路与肝癌的研究进展

Notch信号通路是一种高度保守的信号通路,在调节细胞分化、增殖和凋亡等一系列生理病理过程中都起着关键性的作用。Notch信号在肝癌中频繁发生异常表达及激活突变,其通过多种机制促进肝癌的发生发展,且与肝癌的侵袭、转移和预后密切相关。因此,Notch信号可作为肝癌治疗的一个靶标,为肝癌的治疗提供新的方向和机遇。     

Notch signaling in lymphocyte development

Cytokine and antigen receptor signals play well-characterized roles in promoting the survival and maturation of T and B lymphocyte progenitors through sequential developmental stages. Emerging studies suggest equally important roles for more ancient signaling pathways that evolved prior to the adaptive immune system in jawed vertebrates. In particular, there are at least two essential functions for the highly conserved Notch signaling pathway in lymphocyte development. First, Notch signals are essential for the development of T cell progenitors in the thymus and intestinal epithelium. Second, Notch signals are required to suppress B cell development in the thymus. This review will focus on focus on recent advances in our understanding of how Notch signaling regulates this developmental switch, as well as how Notch might regulate subsequent survival and cell fate decisions in developing T cells.     

Notch1和Notch2在星形细胞瘤及髓母细胞瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 探讨Notch1和Notch2在人脑星形细胞瘤及髓母细胞瘤中的表达及其在肿瘤形成和发展中的作用.方法 应用组织芯片和免疫组织化学SP法染色以及Western blot技术检测正常脑组织、不同级别大脑星形细胞瘤、小脑髓母细胞瘤中Notch1和Notch2蛋白的表达情况.结果 正常脑组织中Notch1和Notch2蛋白呈阴性表达;Notch1在Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤中阳性比为15/15,Ⅲ级中阳性比为14/15,Ⅱ级中阳性比为10/15,Ⅰ级中阳性比为9/15,总阳性率为80.0%(48/60),阳性部位均为胞质.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤中表达阳性比及表达强度随肿瘤级别增高而增高.在髓母细胞瘤中阳性比为2/10,且表达水平较低.Notch2在Ⅳ级星形细胞瘤中无表达(0/15),Ⅲ级表达阳性比为1/15,Ⅱ级中阳性比为2/15,Ⅰ级中阳性比为3/15,总阳性率为10%(6/60),表达率及表达强度都很低.在髓母细胞瘤中阳性比为9/10.Notch1在各级别胶质瘤中表达强度的差异均有统计学意义(x2=18.495,P<0.05).Spearman等级相关检验证实肿瘤病理分级与Notch1表达强度之间呈正相关(r=0.859,P<0.05).在星形细胞瘤中,Notch1和Notch2表达的总阳性率差异有统计学意义(x2=56.807,P<0.05),在髓母细胞瘤中,Notch1和Notch2的表达差别有统计学意义(x2=13.778,P<0.05).结论 Notch1和Notch2在星形细胞瘤及髓母细胞瘤中表达不同,并呈现相反的趋势,可能与两者在脑发育过程中的作用不同有关.     

靶向沉默Mcl-1基因对感染不同毒力结核杆菌小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡的影响

 目的: 通过RNA干扰技术特异性沉默 Mcl-1 基因,探讨下调 Mcl-1 基因对感染不同毒力结核杆菌小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡的影响。方法: 分别用制备好的新疆地区流行的优势强毒结核分枝杆菌临床分离株(简称强毒株)、结核分枝杆菌国际标准强毒株H37Rv(简称H37Rv)、结核分枝杆菌国际标准无毒株H37Ra(简称H37Ra)和卡介苗(BCG)菌悬液感染BALB/c小鼠,再以筛选并构建好的Mcl-1-shRNA作用于感染的小鼠模型,同时设立相应对照组,于作用后1 d、3 d、5 d和7 d提取小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,应用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测各组小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中Mcl-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达;应用流式细胞术检测各组巨噬细胞的凋亡水平。结果: 小鼠被不同毒力的结核杆菌感染后其腹腔巨噬细胞中Mcl-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平均有不同程度的升高,其中以感染了强毒株和H37Rv的腹腔巨噬细胞升高最为明显(P<0.05);应用RNA干扰技术沉默 Mcl-1 基因后,Mcl-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05);流式细胞术分析显示,下调 Mcl-1 基因的表达可诱导小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡。结论: 应用Mcl-1-shRNA可有效沉默 Mcl-1 在感染了不同毒力结核杆菌小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞中的表达,并能上调巨噬细胞的凋亡水平。     

Notch signaling is activated by TLR stimulation and regulates macrophage functions

Notch signaling is a well-conserved pathway involved in cell fate decisions, proliferation and apoptosis. We report on the involvement of Notch signaling in regulating gene expression in activated macrophages. Toll-like receptors (TLR) agonists such as bacterial lipopeptide, polyI:C, lipopolysaccharide and unmethylated CpG DNA all induced up-regulation of Notch1 in primary and macrophage-like cell lines. Notch1 up-regulation was dependent on the MyD88 pathway when stimulated through TLR2, but not TLR4. Activated Notch1 and expression of the Notch target genes, Hes1 and Deltex, were detected in activated macrophages, suggesting that Notch signaling was activated upon stimulation. Inhibiting processing of Notch receptor by gamma-secretase using a gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI), the expression of Notch1 was down-regulated to basal levels. This treatment significantly modulated expression of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-10. In addition, the amount of nitric oxide produced was significantly lower and the expression of MHC class II was up-regulated in GSI-treated cells. Treatment with GSI or silencing Notch1 resulted in decreased translocation of NF-kappaBp50 into nucleus upon stimulation. Taken together, stimulation of macrophages through the TLR signaling cascade triggered activation of Notch signaling, which in turn regulated gene expression patterns involved in pro-inflammatory responses, through activation of NF-kappaB.     

Requirements for Jag1-Rbpj mediated Notch signaling during early mouse lens development

Background: During vertebrate lens development, the lens placode in the embryonic ectoderm invaginates into a lens vesicle, which then separates from the surface epithelium, followed by two waves of fiber cell differentiation. In the mouse, multiple labs have shown that Jag1‐Notch signaling is critically required during the second wave of lens fiber cell formation. However, Notch signaling appears to play no obvious role during lens induction or morphogenesis, although multiple pathway genes are expressed at these earlier stages. Results: Here, we explored functions for Notch signaling specifically during early lens development, by using the early‐acting AP2α‐Cre driver to delete Jag1 or Rbpj. We found that Jag1 and Rbpj are not required during lens induction, but are necessary for proper lens vesicle separation from the surface ectoderm. Conclusions: We conclude that precise levels of Notch signaling are essential during lens vesicle morphogenesis. In addition, AP2α‐Cre‐mediated deletion of Rbpj resulted in embryos with cardiac outflow tract and liver deformities, and perinatal lethality. Developmental Dynamics 241:493–504, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Correlation between Mcl-1 and pAKT protein expression in colorectal cancer

Mcl-1 inhibits apoptosis in well-differentiated cells by sequestering BAD, BID, and BAX and other apoptotic molecules. pAKT blocks apoptotsis by facilitating the interaction of BAD with BCL-XL. Expression of pAKT and Mcl-1 have been described in colon cancer, however, the relationship between pAKT and Mcl-1 has not. Mcl-1 and pAKT immunohistochemistry was performed using colorectal cancer tissue microarray (TMA). The Holm step-down method was used to adjust for multiple testing. Mcl-1 and pAKT scores, stage, and grade were compared using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Metastasis and no metastasis groups were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Mcl-1 and pAKT scores were compared for normal colorectal mucosa (NR), adenoma (AD), and colorectal cancer (CRC) cohorts. The mean (SD) pAKT expression in NR (14) was 2.0 (1.4), in AD (8) was 3.0 (1.7), and in CRC (101) was 5.6 (2.4). These differences were statistically significant. For Mcl-1 the mean (SD) expression was 4.1 (1.7) in NR, 3.2 (1.2) in AD, and 3.3 (2.6) in CRC. Mcl-1 and pAKT scores were directly correlated during various stages of colon car-cinogenesis (p = 0.04). Mcl-1 showed direct correlation with tumor grade (p = 0.001) and tumor stage (p = 0.02) and with presence of metastasis (p = 0.008). We report the correlation of Mcl-1 protein expression with higher grade and stage in colorectal cancer. Mcl-1 correlated also with pAKT expression. We also report the up regulation of pAKT during the transition from NR to CRC.     

Notch信号调节外周T细胞的活化、增殖与分化

初始T细胞分化为效应T和记忆T细胞受到多种因素调节.最近在Notch信号途径的研究进展显示它也参于T细胞的活化与分化.大量研究已经表明Notch信号途径可以影响T细胞在中枢免疫器官的发育,现在关于它调节外周T细胞的分化状态也积累不少证据,Notch信号活化之后能够改变CD4+和CD8+T细胞分泌细胞因子的特点.以下着重介绍Notch信号参于调节外周T细胞的活化、增殖和分化的最新资料,尽管不同的研究者所得实验结果有冲突之处,但已经提示Notch信号在T细胞外周发育中的重要意义,特别重要的是抗原递呈细胞(APC)可以通过Notch信号途径调节T细胞的分化.     

Notch1和JAG1在乳腺癌和癌旁组织的表达比较

目的 检测Notch1和JAG1在乳腺癌中的表达,及其与乳腺癌相关临床指标的关系,分析Notch基因在人类乳腺癌中的作用和意义.方法 应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测60例乳腺癌组织和25例癌旁正常乳腺组织中Notch1和JAG1的表达, 对乳腺癌组织与癌旁组织进行表达率和表达强度标准化系数的统计学比较, 并在不同的腋窝淋巴结转移情况间、不同TNM分期和病理学分级间进行Notch1表达强度标准化系数的统计学比较.结果 乳腺癌组织Notch1的表达率和标准化系数分别为93.3%和0.83, 均明显高于癌旁正常乳腺组织, 乳腺癌组织中JAG1的表达率为10%,癌旁组织中无JAG1表达,伴腋窝淋巴结转移的病例Notch1标准化系数高于无腋窝淋巴结转移的病例;乳腺癌Ⅰ期病例Notch1标准化系数(0.57)低于Ⅱ期(1.05),Ⅱ期高于Ⅲ期(0.59),Ⅰ期与Ⅲ期差异无统计学意义;乳腺癌I级病例Notch1标准化系数(0.55)低于Ⅱ级(0.83)和Ⅱ级低于Ⅲ级(1.05),Notch1可能在分化较好的人乳腺癌中的表达是低的,在分化较差的人乳腺癌中的表达是增高的.结论 人类乳腺癌中存在Notch1和JAG1的异常高表达,而在癌旁正常乳腺组织存在Notch1和JAG1的低表达和不表达,该研究为进一步探明Notch基因的表达对乳腺癌的发生、发展的影响奠定了良好的基础.