髂骨肌瓣与前臂皮瓣串联重建下颌骨缺损的手术配合

下颌骨恶性肿瘤的根治性切除术往往造成下颌骨软硬组织的大型复合缺损 ,我院临床上采用的自体髂骨肌瓣与前臂皮瓣串联重建缺损的下颌骨无论在形态或功能上均获得了满意地效果。一方面 ,髂骨肌瓣取材简便 ,供区损伤小 ,修复范围大 ,髂嵴有一定的自然弯曲度和高度 ,骨量充足且便于塑形 ,但大面积软组织缺损的修复能力有限 ;而另一方面 ,前臂皮瓣薄 ,质软蒂长 ,近远心端血管均较粗大 ,软组织修复能力强 ,但本身无硬组织修复能力 ,然而两者结合即与髂骨肌瓣形成串联皮瓣其修复能力大大提高。鉴于该手术的技术要求高、操作精细、配合讲究、时间较…     

髂骨复合游离瓣重建下颌骨缺损的进展

髂骨复合游离瓣(ICCFF)是下颌骨缺损重建的首选复合瓣,它可提供髂骨肌瓣、髂骨肌皮瓣、内斜肌髂骨肌瓣、内斜肌髂骨肌皮瓣4种复合瓣来修复各种下颌骨复合缺损。本文综述了ICCFF的应用解剖,临床应用,供区并发症及坚固内固定、骨结合种植体在ICFF的应用,表明了ICCFF在下颌骨缺损功能重建中的优越性。     

髂骨复合游离瓣重建下颌骨缺损的进展

髂骨复合游离瓣是下颌骨缺损重建的首选复合瓣，它可提供髂骨肌瓣，髂骨肌皮瓣，内斜肌额骨肌瓣、内斜肌额骨肌皮瓣４种复合瓣来修复各种下颌骨复合缺损。     

联合应用游离腓骨瓣和前臂皮瓣修复口腔下颌骨复合缺损

目的 :分析联合应用游离腓骨瓣和前臂皮瓣在口腔下颌骨复合缺损修复中的应用价值。方法 :对2 0 0 0 0 3～ 2 0 0 2 0 1期间完成的 2 3例联合应用游离腓骨瓣和前臂瓣行口腔下颌骨缺损修复的病例作回顾性研究 ,分析缺损的类型、受区血管、游离瓣成活情况及术后并发症的发生情况 ,并分析有可能影响游离瓣成活的各种因素。结果 :2 3例患者中男性 17例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄 3 1～ 72岁 ,平均 5 2 .9岁 ,所采用的游离腓骨复合瓣中 ,腓骨长度 6～ 15cm(平均 10 .6cm) ,皮岛最大面积 12cm× 5cm ,最小 5cm× 3cm(平均 8.4cm×3 .6cm) ,腓骨的截骨次数为 0～ 3次 (平均 1.7次 ) ,所采用前臂皮瓣最大面积 10cm× 8cm ,最小 6cm× 5cm ,平均 7.8cm× 6.4cm。 2 3例患者的 46块游离瓣全部获得成活 ,受区和供区总的并发症发生率为3 0 .4% ,但并发症均不严重 ,没有造成严重的后果。结论 :游离腓骨瓣和前臂皮瓣联合应用在大型口腔下颌骨复合缺损的修复中具有较大的灵活性 ,安全可靠 ,并能较好地恢复患者的外形和功能 ,提高了患者的生存质量     

游离组织瓣修复口腔颌面部创伤性组织缺损

探讨游离组织瓣在口腔颌面部创伤性组织缺损重建中的应用.方法回顾北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院口腔颌面外科1999至2007年应用游离组织瓣重建创伤性组织缺损病例20例,分析受伤原因、缺损情况、游离组织瓣类型、手术并发症和术后功能恢复情况.结果 20例合并大型口腔颌面部软硬组织缺损患者中,单纯软组织缺损8例,软硬组织复合缺损12例;15例为Ⅱ期手术,5例为同期手术或与骨折复位固定术同期完成.20块游离组织瓣应用于缺损修复,其中腓骨瓣11例、髂骨瓣1例、前臂皮瓣7例、肩胛皮瓣1例,全部皮瓣均移植成功,未出现皮瓣坏死.结论 游离组织瓣移植安全可靠,可以修复口腔颌面部创伤性软硬组织缺损.腓骨瓣和前臂皮瓣是最常用的游离组织瓣.早期应用游离组织瓣修复创伤性软硬组织缺损可有效避免局部瘢痕和组织变形移位,缩短治疗时间,提高治疗效果.     

游离髂骨加前臂皮瓣修复上颌缺损（附4例报告）

目的：通过4例上颌骨肿瘤行上颌骨低位切除后缺损的修复,评估上颌重建的效果。方法：采用游离髂骨加前臂皮瓣移植上颌缺损。结果：4例患者的游离髂骨及前臂皮瓣均成活,经术后半年随访,移植之髂骨及前臂皮瓣生长良好。结论：游离髂骨加前臂皮瓣上颌低位重建的较满意的方法,它可恢复患者的面形及语言和吞咽功能,解决患者的生理和心理负担。     

髂骨复合瓣重建下颌骨缺损及术后血运监测的临床研究

目的：探讨下颌骨缺损之髂骨复合瓣（ＩＣＣＦＦ）移植及“窗口”皮瓣观察移植骨块血 临床应用的可行性。方法：采用５例下颌骨良性肿瘤术后缺损即期ＩＣＣＦＦ修复,通过皮瓣血运情况判断髂骨块血运。结果：５例“窗口”皮瓣全部成活即髂骨块存活,外形满意。随诊１年,Ｘ线片上移植骨与周围骨组织类骨折样愈合,高度无明显改变。结论：一侧下颌骨大块缺损是ＩＣＣＦＦ的最好的应用适应征。髂骨的自然曲度使得移植后的下颌外形及功     

游离腓骨肌皮复合组织瓣一期修复下颌骨及软组织缺损

目的寻找一种既能满足下颌骨及软组织复合缺损重建需要，又不影响供区功能的新的修复材料。方法对１０例各种原因所致的下颌骨及周围软组织缺损患者，采用游离腓骨肌皮复合组织瓣进行修复重建。所切取的腓骨平均长度９１ｃｍ，肌皮瓣平均大小为４５ｃｍ×６２ｃｍ。结果术后２周经９９ｍＴｃＯ－４骨扫描等证实，９例（９／１０）骨肌皮瓣成活，患者下颌功能与外形良好，行走无障碍。结论腓骨肌皮复合组织瓣骨量充足，骨质坚硬，腓骨血供具二重性，利于塑形，可以用作下颌骨及软组织缺损的修复。     

基于三维CT重建的快速成型技术在下颌骨重建的临床应用

目的 评价基于三维CT重建的快速成型技术在下颌骨重建中的作用。 方法 本组选取7例下颌骨病变病例,术前均采用基于三维CT重建的快速成型技术,制作下颌骨实体模型,并在实体模型上设计下颌骨切骨范围和拟用髂骨瓣或腓骨瓣的骨量和形态。术中按拟定方案切除下颌骨病变,并同期以钛板、血管化游离腓骨瓣或髂骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损,术后定期观察随访。 结果 采用游离髂骨瓣移植修复者3例,游离腓骨瓣移植者3例,单纯以重建钛板固定者1例。移植骨块均顺利成活。已随访6个月~2年。下颌骨形态和面型基本对称,无下颌偏颌。余留牙咬合关系同术前,张口度正常,咀嚼和语音功能恢复良好。 结论 基于三维CT重建的快速成型技术为下颌骨缺损的个体化和功能性修复提供良好桥梁。     

下颌骨放射性骨坏死伴颌面部组织坏死的临床治疗

目的：探讨较大范围放射性下颌骨骨坏死伴颊瘘的临床手术治疗及下颌骨、面部软组织缺损的修复方法。方法：5例较大范围放射性下颌骨骨坏死,均存在暴露的坏死骨组织和颊瘘,进行下颌骨部分切除和颊部软组织切除,面部组织缺损同期应用腓骨瓣联合前臂皮瓣进行修复。下颌骨缺损平均长度65mm。结果：手术后移植的骨瓣、皮瓣成活,创口Ⅰ期愈合,面部形态及口腔功能恢复。6～12个月复查骨愈合趋正常,未见新的瘘道形成。结论：下颌骨放射性骨坏死伴面部软组织坏死应积极手术治疗,下颌骨的切除手术应在正常边缘上截骨,彻底清除病变坏死组织,方可达到疾病治愈或防止复发,同时行游离腓骨瓣联合前臂皮瓣整复面部组织缺损,能理想地恢复面部的外形及口腔功能。     

Surgical management of severe osteoradionecrosis of the mandibular bone by using double free flap reconstruction

Purpose

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the jaws represents one of the most severe complications after primary or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) of large head and neck tumors. In advanced ORN cases, surgical management is generally considered the therapy of choice. However, in several severe ORN patients with extensive bone and soft tissue defects, functional and aesthetic reconstruction represents a huge challenge for any surgeon, with an increased risk of post-operative wound healing disorders. Our aim here was to perform a double free flap technique as a therapeutic option in this difficult patient collective and to evaluate the post-operative outcome.

Use of a titanium cutting guide to assist raising the composite radial forearm free flap

The use of composite radial free tissue transfer has been overtaken by other composite flaps. This is due to donor site morbidity and the poor volume of bone yielded. The advantages and potential complications of composite radial flaps are well described. Use of the composite radial forearm free flap has been largely superseded in mandible reconstruction, but applications such as a salvage option still exist. Additionally it may be used in the reconstruction of midface defects. The use of a cutting guide to reduce the donor site complications and yet produce a maximal yield of bone is described herein. With the use of a skilled maxillofacial laboratory, the planning allows precise cuts and placement of the free flap and allows accurate prophylactic plating of the radius. A precise titanium cutting guide and custom distal radius plate are used. Details of three cases where these techniques have been implemented are described. The paper demonstrates the significant advantages of using laboratory-based technology to assist in performing composite radial free flaps. This paper reveals that composite radial free tissue transfer still has a place in the reconstruction of very selective defects of the head and neck. In particular, its use in reconstruction of Class 5 and 6 maxillary defects (Brown classification) is illustrated. Correct case selection and planning results in increased confidence to use this flap.     

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目的评价腓骨肌皮瓣游离移植修复下颌骨复合缺损的临床应用价值。方法自2006年3月至2008年12月中国医科大学口腔医学院口腔颌面外科共行腓骨肌皮瓣游离移植修复下颌骨缺损手术12例,手术采取血管吻合、坚固内固定方法恢复下颌骨的形态及功能。结果12例患者术后随访3个月至2年,组织瓣全部成活,下颌骨外形及功能满意,无1例髁关节不稳定。结论腓骨肌皮瓣可提供良好血供及足够软、硬组织量,是下颌骨复合缺损修复的较好供体。     

下颌骨肌瓣联合面颈胸旋转皮瓣修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死

目的:探讨下颌骨肌瓣联合面颈胸旋转皮瓣修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死清创术后下颌骨合并颊部软组织缺损的效果。方法:采用下颌骨肌瓣联合面颈胸旋转皮瓣修复6例因难治性下颌骨放射性骨坏死清创术后缺损。结果:应用下颌骨肌瓣联合面颈胸旋转皮瓣修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死清创术后缺损,所有皮瓣均存活良好,未出现供区并发症。所有患者语言、吞咽功能良好,面部外形满意。随访16～24个月,平均20.6个月,患者病情均无复发。结论:下颌骨肌瓣联合面颈胸旋转皮瓣制备简单、快速,适合同期修复下颌骨放射性骨坏死清创术后下颌骨"L"形缺损合并颊部软组织缺损。     

髂骨复合瓣移植供区并发症的临床研究

目的：报道切取旋髂深动脉（ＤＣＩＡ）髂骨复合瓣移植供区并发症前瞻性临床研究结果。方法：３８例下颌骨缺损患者共进行４０例ＤＣＩＡ髂骨复合瓣移植,对供区并发症及感觉、运动功能障碍进行手术前后连续追踪评价。结果：供区疼痛,感觉与步态障碍为术后普遍而暂时的并发症;伤口迁延不愈、腹疝、股神经麻痹等并发症发生率较低;供区长期痛可能与神经嵌压及牵拉损伤有关。结论：ＤＣＩＡ髂骨复合瓣移植供区并发症是可以接受的,但应严格掌握手术指征,重视技术操作     

Bone volume change following vascularized free bone flap reconstruction of the mandible

BackgroundBone volume changes following vascularized bone flaps and possible confounding factors over time are described in the literature with some controversy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone volume behavior of two frequently used free flaps.Materials and methodsComputed tomography (CT) scans were examined with regard to bone volume using the software program ITK-SNAP for all patients who required mandibular reconstruction with a free fibula flap (FFF, conventionally vs assisted by computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)) or iliac crest flap (DCIA) following mandibular resection because of benign or malign processes, between August 2010 and August 2015. Clinical data, complication rates, and CT scans were analyzed retrospectively. Additionally, complication rates (microvascular revision, flap loss, postoperative fistula or dehiscence, and postoperative bone exposure) were compared within early (≤30 days), late (31st–100th day), and overall (≤100th day) postoperative time intervals.Results113 cases, comprizing 89 FFF and 24 DCIA cases, were included. FFF showed superior bone volume behavior over the DCIA flap. Multivariable regression models assessed the relationships between the following and bone volume behavior: interval between operation and CT scan (p < 0.683), age (p = 0.004), gender (p = 0.006), BMI (p = 0.400), adjuvant radiation therapy (p = 0.334), reconstruction with DCIA flap (p < 0.0001), number of segments (p = 0.02), and incidence of dental implant insertion (p = 0.45).ConclusionsThe bone volume of FFFs remains stable. DCIA flaps show a higher bone volume reduction, but the postoperative course might be associated with fewer complications. Time interval between operation and CT scan, age, gender, reconstruction with DCIA flap, and number of fibula segments contributed significantly to bone volume behavior.     

The deep circumflex iliac artery perforator flap (DCIAP)—A reconstructive option for the large composite oro-mandibular cutaneous defect

The deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap is often used for mandibular reconstruction but it is bulky and causes additional donor-site morbidity because of the inclusion of an “obligatory internal oblique muscle”. Large composite segmental mandibular resections that consist of floor of mouth, subtotal tongue, and adjacent facial skin are a challenge in terms of reconstruction. They often require 2 free flaps or a free scapular flap and both have disadvantages. The deep circumflex iliac artery perforator (DCIAP) flap with a cutaneous component overcomes the disadvantages. We describe reconstructions with DCIAP flaps in 3 patients with large mandibular composite segmental defects. We report our experience of the flap and discuss some of the difficulties we encountered and the points we learned perioperatively.     

Immediate reconstruction following resection of oral cancer with free rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap

目的：研究游离腹直肌肌皮瓣即刻修复口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤切除术后缺损的方法并评价其作用。方法：６例患者在进行广泛的口腔癌切除术后,应用游离腹直肌肌皮瓣进行缺损即刻修复,３例颊癌患者分别切除唇,颊,下颌骨及上颌骨后造成大面积洞穿性缺损,２例舌癌及１例下颌骨恶性肿瘤患者在进行舌切除及下颌骨切除后造成大面积及复杂的缺损,缺损修复的转移皮瓣最大面积达１１０ｍｍ×２３０ｍｍ。结果：游离腹直肌肌皮瓣及供区无严重的手术并发症,６例游离腹直肌肌皮瓣有５例愈合无并发症,１例皮瓣出现部分坏死,供皮区腹壁无组织感染及裂开。结论：游离腹直肌肌皮瓣使口腔颌面部缺损修复在功能和美观上达到满意的效果,提高了口腔颌面部恶性肿瘤患者广泛切除术后的生存质量。     

肩胛骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损

作者选用旋肩胛血管为蒂的肩胛骨瓣修复部分下颌骨缺损8例,术后骨瓣全部成活。本文对肩胛骨瓣的设计、血管蒂的解剖、切取骨瓣及其移植方法作了介绍。应用肩胛骨瓣修复下颌骨缺损,可视受区需要设计为单纯骨瓣或骨肌皮瓣,骨瓣的长、宽、厚与下颌骨相似,外形恢复良好。骨瓣供区血管位置恒定,易于寻找,血管口径与受区血管接近,吻合后通畅率高,易成活。