接触CS2工人的神经行为改变及生物学监测

为探讨长期接触中、低浓度ＣＳ２的神经行为学影响及生物学监测指标，应用ＷＨＯ－ＮＣＴＢ，测定ＣＳ２接触工人的神经行为功能。收集工人班末尿，高效液相色谱法测定尿中２－硫代－噻唑啶－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）含量。结果表明：（１）长期接触ＣＳ２（几何均数为３１．７８ｍｇ／ｍ３）可影响神经行为，主要表现为记忆、感知、协调及运动稳定性降低，但注意力／反应速度无显著变化；（２）在该接触浓度下，尿ＴＴＣＡ含量明显增加，存在接触－反应关系；（３）神经行为学（效应指标）与尿ＴＴＣＡ含量间具有较好的相关性。神经行为测试可作为接触ＣＳ２工人的早期影响的检测指标，尿ＴＴＣＡ含量可以反映工人的接触水平。     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸用于二硫化碳作业工人生物监测研究

本文应用高效液相色谱法对ＣＳ＿２作业工人班前、班后尿及对照组尿２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定。结果发现ＣＳ＿２作业工人班后尿ＴＴＣＡ明显高于对照组，有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＳ＿２作业工人班后尿ＴＴＣＡ明显高于工作班前，亦有非常显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。高浓度接触组工人尿ＴＴＣＡ高于低浓度接触组工人尿ＴＴＣＡ，说明作业工人ＣＳ＿２的接触量与尿ＴＴＣＡ含量之间有相关性。作者认为汞ＴＴＣＡ可用于二硫化碳接触的生物监测。     

尿中2—硫代噻唑烷—4—羧酸排泄规律初探

对１５名二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）作业工人与１４名非接触者进行了尿２硫代噻唑烷４羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）排泄规律研究。结果表明，随ＣＳ２接触时间与接触量的增加，ＴＴＣＡ水平逐渐增高（班前、班中、班末ＴＴＣＡ几何均数分别为１．２５７４、１．６１２０、２．１８０５／ｇｃｒ），呈剂量效应关系。停止接触后ＴＴＣＡ排泄较快，１６ｈ后基本降至前一天班前水平。班末尿ＴＴＣＡ能灵敏地反映个体近期ＣＳ２接触量。４２个非接触者尿样中有３２个检出微量ＴＴＣＡ（７６．２％），其ＴＴＣＡ排泄无明显特征，但摄入白酒可影响尿ＴＴＣＡ的排泄     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸的反相高效液相色谱法研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法（分离柱：ＵｔｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅＴＭＯＤＳＣ－１８）对二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）代谢产物２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定条件优选。以流动相为甲醇（１４％）、冰乙酸（１. ５％）和水（８４. ５％）；流速１. ５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；紫外线检测波长２７２ｎｍ时分离检测效果最好。同时，对尿样前处理方法也进行了探讨。本法平均回收率９８. ９％，最小检出量０. ００８ｎｇ，ＴＴＣＡ浓度在０～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈直线相关（ｒ＝０. ９９９６）是ＣＳ２生物监测的良好方法。     

尿2－硫代噻唑烷－4－羧酸的反相高效液相色谱法研究

应用反相高效液相色谱法（分离柱：ＵｔｒａｓｐｈｅｒｅＴＭＯＤＳＣ－１８）对二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）代谢产物２－硫代噻唑烷－４－羧酸（ＴＴＣＡ）进行了测定条件优选。以流动相为甲醇（１４％）、冰乙酸（１. ５％）和水（８４. ５％）；流速１. ５ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ；紫外线检测波长２７２ｎｍ时分离检测效果最好。同时，对尿样前处理方法也进行了探讨。本法平均回收率９８. ９％，最小检出量０. ００８ｎｇ，ＴＴＣＡ浓度在０～２００ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内呈直线相关（ｒ＝０. ９９９６）是ＣＳ２生物监测的良好方法。     

二硫化碳作业工人血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶水平初探

应用酶联免疫吸附试验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）对某化纤厂６４名二硫化碳（ＣＳ２）作业工人血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ）水平进行测定，结果显示接触ＣＳ２浓度高于１０ｍｇ／ｍ３及≤１０ｍｇ／ｍ３的工人血清ＣｕＺｎＳＯＤ水平均显著高于对照组（３８１．１８，３１２．５０和２３９．１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，Ｐ＜０．０００１），呈一定剂量－效应关系。以装拆、纺丝等工段工人的血清ＳＯＤ水平增高为著。此外，应注意甄别年龄混杂因素对测定结果的影响。     

锰对接触男工性激素的影响

为评价锰接触对下丘脑－垂体－性腺轴的影响,选择健康男工１１２人,其中锰接触男工５８名（血锰２．１３±０．９５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,非接触男工５４名（血锰１．４９±０．５９μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,以放射免疫法测定其血清ＦＳＨ、ＬＨ及睾酮。接触组平均血清睾酮浓度为２１．９４ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,明显低于对照组的２７．９７ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ,而血清ＬＨ水平４．０２ＩＵ／Ｌ,明显高于对照组的３．２９ＩＵ／Ｌ;两组工人血清ＦＳＨ含量差异无显著性,分别为５．５３和５．７６ＩＵ／Ｌ。提示男工接触锰后,可影响下丘脑－垂体－睾丸分泌功能,引起血清睾酮和ＬＨ浓度的改变。     

TNT作业工人尿中粪卟啉及δ-ALA含量的检测

采用紫外光灯观察法和原子吸收分光光度法检测了兰州某化工厂１１３名ＴＮＴ作业工人尿中粪卟啉（ＣＰ）及δ－氨基－γ－酮戊酸（δ－ＡＬＡ）含量。结果发现：接触组尿ＣＰ定性分析阳性率高达８２．３％，随着空气中ＴＮＴ浓度的增加，ＣＰ阳性率呈增加的趋势；尿δ－ＡＬＡ≥４ｍｇ／Ｌ有１７人，占１５．０％，且δ－ＡＬＡ含量的增高，在接触工龄较长（１０年以上）组表现得更为突出。７名对照尿ＣＰ定性皆为阴性，尿δ－ＡＬＡ含量都小于４．０ｍｇ／Ｌ。认为在一定条件下，尿ＣＰ检测可以作为健康监护敏感指标     

六价铬对男工血清及精浆乳酸脱氢酶C4同工酶的影响

为了调查六价铬对男性生殖功能的危害,采用“热解－乳酸基质法”测定了２３名接铬男工和２１名对照男工的血清及精浆乳酸脱氢酶Ｃ４同工酶（ＬＤＨ－Ｘ）活性。结果显示,职业性接触低水平六价铬（０．０１３５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）可致男工血清ＬＤＨ－Ｘ活性降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学显著意义（Ｐ〈０．０５）。接触组精浆的乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）总活性及ＬＤＨ－Ｘ活性均显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＬＤＨ－Ｘ／ＬＤＨ比值     

矽尘接触者血脂质过氧化与微量元素铜、锌的相关分析

作者测试了１１６名矽尘接触者和８９名对照者血中脂质过氧化作用指标［丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）、过氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）］和血清铜、锌含量。结果显示，ＭＤＡ、ＳＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ矽尘组分别为（５．５３１±１．８７２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（２３９６±４１３）μｍｏｌ／（ｍｉｎ·ｇ）、（３５．０６±８．９４）μｍｏｌ／（ｍｉｎ·ｇ），均显著高于对照组。血清铜、锌、铜／锌比值矽尘组分别为（２４．８０±６．５６）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、（１３．１１±４．６６）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、２．２１±０．８７，血清铜、铜／锌比值明显高于对照组，而血清锌两组无显著差异。各指标间相关分析表明，ＭＤＡ与Ｃｕ、ＭＤＡ与Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ；ＳＯＤ与Ｃｕ、ＳＯＤ与Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ以及Ｃｕ与Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ呈正相关。其他指标之间无相关关系。作者认为生物膜的脂质过氧化和铜代谢在ＳｉＯ２所致的肺纤维化的病理机制中起重要作用，是肺纤维化有意义的指标，对判断肺损伤可能具有一定的价值。     

六价铬男性生殖毒性的初步探讨

目的 探讨六价铬的男性生殖毒性,方法 采用职业流行病学调查与相关实验室检查相结合的方法观察铬作业男工精液,精子形态,测定精浆锌,血铬,精浆铬,黄体生成激素（ＬＨ）和促卵泡成熟激素（ＦＳＨ）的改变。结果 铬作业（ＣｒＯ３Ｘ＝０．０１９５ｍｇ／ｍ＾３）男工组精子数（５２．２１±４５．５１）×１０＾９／Ｌ,显低于对照组（８８．９６±７４．８２）×１０＾９／Ｌ,精浆锌（４８１１．８５±１４０１．８８）μ     

二硫化碳接触工人尿2-硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸排泄规律的研究

目的　探讨二硫化碳 (CS2 )接触工人尿 2 硫代噻唑烷 4 羧酸 (TTCA)的排泄规律 ,为制定CS2 短时接触生物监测提供实验依据。方法　将受试对象分为 3组进行实验 :(1) 14名非CS2 接触者在某CS2 车间暴露 2h后收集不同时段尿液 ,分析其TTCA浓度变化 ;(2 )某CS2 车间 15名CS2 接触工人三班倒休息 4 8h后上班 ,连续收集 3d班前、班中、班末尿 ,分析其TTCA浓度变化 ;(3)收集 4 0名长期接触CS2 工人班末尿 ,分析其TTCA浓度变化与工人接触CS2 的 8h时间加权平均浓度 (PC TWA)的关系。结果　第 1组研究结果显示 ,接触CS2 4h后 (此时已停止接触 2h)尿中TTCA含量达到最高值 [(1.0 3± 0 .72 )mg/gCr];第 2组研究结果显示 ,班前尿TTCA含量极低 [(0 .37± 0 .2 8)mg/gCr],与班中尿 [上班后 4h(1.2 3± 0 .71)mg/gCr]及班末尿 [(1.31± 0 .78)mg/gCr]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ,而班中尿TTCA值与班末尿相比 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;第 3组研究结果显示 ,班末尿TTCA值与工人PC TWA之间有直线关系 [Y(TTCAmg/gCr) =1.16 36X(CS2 mg/m3) - 5 .4 116 ]。结论　班末尿TTCA值可作为CS2 接触工人的生物监测指标。     

二硫化碳接触女工血清中性激素的水平

目的探讨接触低浓度二硫化碳(CS2)对女性工人血清中性激素水平的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法 2010年11月,选取深圳某粘胶化纤公司60名接触CS2(浓度平均为13.37 mg/m3)、接触工龄为7～15 a的粘胶车间女工(接触组)和本厂不接触CS2者43名(对照组),采用放射免疫法分别测定血清中性激素水平。结果 CS2接触组血清中促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促黄体激素(LH)、催乳素(PRL)水平均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);促卵泡激素(FSH)则明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论接触低浓度CS2对女性工人血清中性激素水平具有干扰作用。     

接触二硫化碳工人辨色错误得分水平及尿代谢物含量分析

目的为探讨长期接触CS2工人色觉功能及尿2-硫代塞唑烷-4-羧酸(TTCA)水平.方法应用FM100-HUE方法检测工人辨色能力,高效液相色谱测定工人班末尿中TTCA含量.结果CS2暴露组接触CS2时间加权平均浓度为15.53±6.29mg/m3.常规眼科检查未见特异损伤;FM100-HUE检查男、女工主要在5年～工龄段总错误得分水平、绿色及蓝色区带得分水平均显著高于同工龄段对照组(P＜0.05).暴露组女工尿TTCA含量低于男工(P＜0.01);15年工龄以上工人尿TTCA含量显著增高;10～15年工龄段男工尿TTCA含量与绿色区带的错误得分水平有一定相关性(P＜0.05).结论CS2对作业工人辨色力有一定影响,提示FM100-HUE辩色检查可作为低浓度CS2对视觉系统毒作用敏感的健康监测指标.     

低水平锰接触对焊工血清神经内分泌激素水平的影响

目的 探讨低水平锰接触对焊工血清神经内分泌激素水平的影响.方法 选择广西某厂41名男性焊工为接触组,某单位不接触锰烟尘及其他有害物质的40名男性工人为对照组,采用化学发光免疫法测定血清中催乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)、尿促卵泡素(FSH)、睾酮(TST)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)含量.结果 焊工作业环境空气MnO2几何平均浓度为0.03 mg/m3(0.003～0.519 mg/m3),接触组红细胞锰和尿锰明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接触组血清LH、TSH水平[(2.89±0.69)mIU/ml、(1.45±0.56)μIU/ml]明显低于对照组[(3.82±1.61)mIU/ml、(2.19±1.28)μIU/ml],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接锰工龄＜5年组血清LH、FSH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,TST水平明显高于对照组和5～年组,FSH明显低于≥10年组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).接锰工龄5～年组血清LH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);接锰工龄≥10年组血清PRL、LH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).红细胞锰与尿锰呈负相关(r=-0.310,P＜0.05),血清PRL与TST呈负相关(r=-0.409,P＜0.01),LH与FSH正相关(r=0.361,P＜0.05).结论 长期低水平锰接触可能会致工人血清PRL、LH和TSH水平下降,对神经内分泌激素代谢产生一定的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of low level manganese (Mn)exposure on the serum neuroendocrine hormones levels of the welders. Methods The exposure group consisted of 41 male welders,40 male workers without exposing to harmful agents served as controls. The serum contents of prolactin(PRL),luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (TST) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 81 subjects were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The geometric mean value of airborne Mn concentrations was 0.03 mg/m3 (0.003-0.519 mg/m3) in the welding circumstances.The levels of Mn in red blood cells(RBCs) and urinary Mn of the exposure group were significantly higher than those of control group ( P＜0.01 ). The contents of serum LH and TSH of the exposure group were 2.89±0.69mIU/ml and 1.45±0.56 uIU/ml, which were significantly lower than those (3.82±1.61 mIU/ml and 2.19±1.28μIU/ml ) of control group(P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of LH, FSH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for ＜5years were significantly lower than those of the control group, The serum TST level of the group exposed to Mn for ＜5 years was significantly higher than those of the control group and group exposed to Mn for 5～years, the serum FSH level of the group exposed to Mn for ＜ 5 years was significantly lower than that of the group exposed to Mn for 10 years (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of LH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for 5～years were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of PRL, LH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for 10 years were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05 ). There was negative correlation between blood( RBC ) Mn and urinary Mn(r=-0.310, P＜0.05 ),also there was negative correlation between serum PRL and serum TST (r=-0.409, P＜0.01 ), the positive correlation between serum LH and serum FSH was observed (r=0.361, P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The results of present study showed that the long exposure to low level of Mn may decrease the levels of serum PRL, LH and TSH in workers occupationally exposed to Mn, which can influence the metabolism of neuroendocrine hormones to certain extent.     

Male endocrine functions in workers with moderate exposure to lead

Evidence for the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the male endocrine system is conflicting. This study evaluated the primary (testicular) and secondary (hypothalamo pituitary testicular) effects of exposure to lead in 122 current lead workers and 49 non-exposed workers. The mean current blood lead concentration was 35.2 (range 9.6-77.4) micrograms/dl in the exposed workers, and 8.3 (range 2.6-14.8) micrograms/dl in the non-exposed workers. Concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were both significantly higher in the exposed workers, but testosterone (T) was not significantly different between the two groups. In older exposed workers, however (greater than or equal to 40 years), plasma T concentrations were significantly lower, but LH and FSH concentrations were not significantly different. Compared with non-exposed workers, those exposed for less than 10 years had significantly raised LH and FSH and normal T concentrations whereas those exposed for 10 or more years had significantly lower T, and normal LH and FSH concentrations. The concentrations of LH and FSH showed a moderate increase in relation to blood lead concentrations in the range of 10 micrograms/dl to 40 micrograms/dl and thereafter reached a plateau or declined. No apparent trend for plasma T concentrations occurred. No significant difference in prolactin (PRL) concentration was noted. It is concluded that moderate exposure to lead was associated in dose related fashion with small but measurable changes in male endocrine functions that reflected both primary and secondary effects of lead on the testes and the hypothalamo pituitary testicular axis.     

Male endocrine functions in workers with moderate exposure to lead.

Evidence for the effect of occupational exposure to lead on the male endocrine system is conflicting. This study evaluated the primary (testicular) and secondary (hypothalamo pituitary testicular) effects of exposure to lead in 122 current lead workers and 49 non-exposed workers. The mean current blood lead concentration was 35.2 (range 9.6-77.4) micrograms/dl in the exposed workers, and 8.3 (range 2.6-14.8) micrograms/dl in the non-exposed workers. Concentrations of plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were both significantly higher in the exposed workers, but testosterone (T) was not significantly different between the two groups. In older exposed workers, however (greater than or equal to 40 years), plasma T concentrations were significantly lower, but LH and FSH concentrations were not significantly different. Compared with non-exposed workers, those exposed for less than 10 years had significantly raised LH and FSH and normal T concentrations whereas those exposed for 10 or more years had significantly lower T, and normal LH and FSH concentrations. The concentrations of LH and FSH showed a moderate increase in relation to blood lead concentrations in the range of 10 micrograms/dl to 40 micrograms/dl and thereafter reached a plateau or declined. No apparent trend for plasma T concentrations occurred. No significant difference in prolactin (PRL) concentration was noted. It is concluded that moderate exposure to lead was associated in dose related fashion with small but measurable changes in male endocrine functions that reflected both primary and secondary effects of lead on the testes and the hypothalamo pituitary testicular axis.     

铅对接触男工性激素的影响

为评价铅接触对下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的影响,选取健康男性工人189人,其中接触男工97名(血铅2.12±1.39μmol/L),非接触男工92名(血铅1.10±0.56μmol/L),以放射免疫法测定其血浆睾酮及血清LH、FSH。接触组工人平均血浆睾酮浓度为561.12ng/dl,明显低于对照组的725.29ng/dl(P<0.01)而血清LH水平则明显高于对照组工人,前者为19.17mIU/ml,后者为15.19mIU/ml(P<0.05);两组工人血清FSH含量无显著性差异,分别为12.21和11.03mIU/ml(P>0.05)。多元逐步回归分析表明,血清LH及血浆睾酮水平的改变与接触者的工龄明显相关,其次与吸烟也有一定关系。提示男工接触铅后可影响下丘脑-垂体-睾丸轴内分泌功能,引起血浆睾酮及血清LH浓度的改变。     

饮酒对尿2 -硫代噻唑烷-4-羧酸排泄的影响

目的观察饮酒对二硫化碳(CS2)接触者及非接触者尿2-硫代噻唑烷4羧酸(TTCA)排泄的影响。方法(1)男性非接触CS2志愿者10人,一次饮用38。白酒150ml或250ml,高效液相色谱法观察其尿TTCA排泄动态;(2)CS2作业男工152人,非接触者60人,分别收集班末尿和晨尿进行TTCA测定并进行问卷调查;同时进行个体空气采样和CS2浓度气相色谱法测定。结果非接触者一次饮白酒150ml后3h尿TTCA水平达峰值,12h后降至饮前水平(餐前0．5h,饮酒后1、3、12h中位数分别为0．045、0．068、0．099、0．046mg/gCr,n=10);TTCA水平随饮白酒剂量的增加而增高,饮0、150、250ml白酒者TTCA水平(中位数)分别为0．036、0．064、0．609mg/gCr(n=5,饮后3h)。CS2浓度为≤10．0、10．1～50．0、>50．0mg/m3时,CS2接触者TTCA有随CS2浓度增高而上升的趋势;对照组中饮白酒和啤酒者TTCA水平似高于不饮者,而接触组TTCA水平则随饮酒指数的增加而呈降低趋势。结论大量饮酒可影响尿TTCA水平,在进行CS2生物监测时,应避免在大量饮酒后12h内采集尿样,以避免饮酒对监测结果的干扰作用。