HIV GP120对人和无脊椎动物免疫细胞的抑制作用

通过人工合成了人类免疫缺陷性病毒（Ｈｕｍａｎｉｍｍｕｎｏｄｅｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｖｉｒｕｓ，ＨＩＶ）糖蛋白肽ＧＰ１２０对人和无脊椎动物（Ｍｙｔｉｌｕｓｅｄｕｌｉｓ）免疫细胞的抑制作用的研究。人单核细胞和Ｍｙｔｉｌｕｓｅｄｕｌｉｓ免疫细胞分别与ＧＰ１２０保温后，均抑制细胞的吞噬细菌（Ｐｓｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓｓｔｒｅｔｚｉ）作用。应用计算机显微图像术（Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ－ａｓｓｉｓｔｅｄｍｉｃｒｏｓｃｏｐｙ）直     

HCV感染的细胞免疫

目前，对ＨＣＶ感染的致病机制尚不清楚，免疫机制被认为起重要作用。本文就ＨＣＶ感染引起的细胞免疫方面作一综述。     

丙型肝炎病毒特异性细胞免疫研究进展

本文综述了近几年丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）特异性细胞免疫研究进展，重点介绍了ＣＤ８＋细胞毒性Ｔ淋巴细胞（ＣＴＬ）介导的细胞免疫在抗ＨＣＶ感染中的作用及来自病毒方面的并分析了小鼠在这一研究领域的价值。     

细胞免疫中共刺激分子研究进展

共刺激分子(costimulator)与其受体结合所产生的共刺激信号(costimulatorysignal)在T/B细胞活化、辅助T细胞分化、信号转导及效应性细胞因子分泌中起重要作用。对共刺激作用与细胞免疫关系的深入了解,有助于阐明免疫细胞的生长分化及免疫调节机制,并为临床增强肿瘤免疫机能,诱导移植耐受及控制自身免疫等方面探索新的治疗策略。本文就共刺激分子在细胞免疫中的研究进展作一综述。     

细胞免疫中共刺激分子研究进展

共刺激分子与其受体结合所产生的共刺激信号在Ｔ／Ｂ细胞活化、辅助Ｔ细胞分化、信号地有效应性细胞因子分泌中起重要作用。对共刺激作用与细胞免疫关系的深入了解，有助于阐明免疫细胞的生长分化及免疫调节机制，并为临床增强肿瘤免疫机能，诱导移植耐受及控制自身免疫等方面探索新的治疗策略。本文就共刺激分子在细胞免疫中的研究进展作一综述。     

树突状细胞与特异性细胞免疫

树突状细胞是目前发现的递呈功能最强的抗原递呈细胞,它在抗原摄取与递呈方面的独特作用越来越引起人们的重视;同时,它通过提供双信号刺激、细胞辅助作用、细胞因子等直接和间接地启动特异性细胞免疫。在免疫应答中发挥着极其重要的作用。     

脱落细胞免疫细胞化学技术

在脱落细胞学诊断中免疫细胞化学技术是一项很重要的内容,随着新的抗体在识别抗原的特异性和多价性上日益完善,这项技术在临床病理诊断中的应用也越来越广泛。但在常规的脱落细胞学检查中,常因细胞涂片免疫细胞化学染色不够理想而未能充分展示出其应有的优势。因此,建立免疫细胞化学质控标准（质量保证和质量控制）对提高脱落细胞诊断准确率具有重要意义。     

培养细胞免疫细胞化学技术的特点与临床应用

培养细胞免疫化学技术作为一种跨领域的研究手段,是将免疫细胞化学技术与细胞培养技术密切结合的技术,可获得单纯从体内实验难以达到的效果。培养细胞免疫组织化学技术与组织切片的免疫组织化学技术基本原理和操作是相同的,但又有许多要特别注意的细节。[第一段]     

尖锐湿疣的细胞免疫学研究进展

尖锐湿疣（condyloma acuminatum,CA）是由人乳头瘤病毒（human papilloma virus,HPV）感染所致的一种常见的性传播疾病,机体细胞免疫功能与CA的发生发展有非常密切的关系,本文综述了HPV感染组织细胞免疫的识别阶段和效应阶段,特别是T细胞的产生及各种调节因素的研究进展。     

Alternative adaptive immunity in invertebrates

Vertebrate adaptive immunity is characterized by challenge-specific long-term protection. This specific memory is achieved through the vast diversity of somatically rearranged immunological receptors such as antibodies. Whether or not invertebrates are capable of a comparable phenotypic plasticity and memory has long been a matter of debate. A recent study on Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes now establishes Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) as a key immune surveillance factor with characteristics analogous to antibodies.     

The influence of blood transfusion on cellular immunity

To evaluate the effect of transfusion on immunity, we studied some immunological parameters in 14 uremic patients treated with 3 blood transfusions (5 with HLA-compatible and 9 with random transfusions). Before transfusions 8/14 patients were DNCB-negative; both spontaneous and active E-rosettes were below normal range. The parameters of humoral immunity (S-Ig, C3, C4, IC, CRP) were normal. After both the first and second transfusions an increase in T- and B-lymphocytes was found. The third transfusion led to a more pronounced and prolonged immunosuppression in patients treated with compatible transfusions than in those treated with random transfusions. Our findings suggest that blood transfusion--HLA-compatible transfusion in particular--results in an impairment of the lymphocyte role.     

The clinical significance of mediators of cellular immunity

This paper reviews experimental and clinical evidence for the existence of soluble mediators of cellular immune responses. Clinical appraisal of this field is now emerging from the stage of biological definition and technical development to the stage at which acceptable standards of mediator activity will now be required. The biological significance of these mediators may lie in amplification and regulation of the immunological response. The clinical significance of this field lies in the detection, assay and repair of genetic or non-genetic disorders of cell-mediated immunity. Development of this field will be much assisted by parallel studies of cell-mediator function in both animals and man; and, with some optimism, may yield a predictive basis for control of the cellular immune response.     

雌激素的细胞免疫作用与多发性硬化

多发性硬化是中枢神经系统的慢性炎症性脱髓鞘性疾病,其发病机制与免疫调节功能异常密切相关,雌激素具有重要的免疫调节作用,它与多发性硬化的发生,发展与转归关系密切。因此,对雌激素的深入研究可为多发性硬化的治疗提供新的有价值的靶点。     

In vitro study of the long-term effects of post-traumatic splenectomy on cellular immunity

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of splenectomy on cellular immunity. We studied the cellular phenotype and type 1 [interferon‐γ, interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)] and type 2 (IL‐4 and IL‐10) cytokine‐producing peripheral blood CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T lymphocytes in 22 healthy adults who had undergone post‐traumatic splenectomy about 1 to 35 years ago. Splenectomy resulted in a long‐term reduction of the percentage of CD4⁺CD45RA⁺ cells and a late increase of the percentage and absolute numbers of T‐cell receptor γ/δ cells. Stimulation with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B resulted in normal IL‐2 production by CD4⁺ T cells, indicating that the naïve cells were not anergic. Splenectomy also resulted in long‐term priming of both CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. During the first 8 years, both type 1 and type 2 CD4⁺ T cells were primed to varying degrees. About 8 years later, the percentage of primed type 2 CD4⁺ T cells subsided, but that of type 1 CD4⁺ T cells, although decreased, remained detectable over a longer period. Priming of CD8⁺ T cells persisted throughout the study period. The long‐term priming of type 1 CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, which may result in partial impairment of T‐cell functions, may explain reported defects of immune responses to recall antigens in splenectomized individuals. In addition, changes in the profile of primed CD4⁺ T cells with time may be clinically relevant to relapses in autoimmune thrombocytopenia after splenectomy.     

乙型肝炎患者特异性细胞免疫功能检测的初步研究

目的 通过酶联免疫斑点法检测乙型肝炎（乙肝）患者特异性细胞免疫功能，初步研究各型乙肝患者特异性细胞免疫功能的差异。方法 选择急、慢性乙肝、肝炎肝硬化（乙型）、乙肝病毒（HBV）既往感染，接种乙肝疫苗后血清乙肝病毒学标志中仅表面抗体阳性及未接种过乙肝疫苗、未感染过HBV、血清HBV标志全部阴性者共6组研究对象，每组4例，采用酶联免疫斑点法（ELISPOT）检测其外周血单个核细胞中γ-干扰索分泌细胞的数量。结果 急性乙肝患者、慢性乙肝患者及急性乙肝患者、肝炎肝硬化患者外周血单个核细胞γ-干扰素分泌细胞数量明显不同（P=0．0209及P=0．0211）。结论 通过ELISPOT检测乙肝患者外周血单个核细胞γ-干扰索分泌细胞的数量可以了解乙肝患者特异性细胞免疫功能。急性乙肝患者特异性细胞免疫功能明显强于慢性乙肝患者及肝炎肝硬化患者。     

The effect of levamisole on cellular immunity in multiple sclerosis.

The lymphocyte stimulation test has been standardized in a normal human population using four virus cell-associated antigens (VCAA): human embryonic lung cells infected with the LEC and Norrby strains of measles virus, mumps virus, and vaccinia virus. Following 1 week of treatment with the immunopotentiating drug levamisole, a group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients was found to have increased lymphocyte stimulation responses toward VCAA and increased delayed hypersensitivity responses towards a battery of skin test antigens. No change in the percentage of short- or long-incubation E rosettes occurred. Measles haemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody titres measured before and after the entire course of levamisole therapy (12 weeks) did not change. The neurological status of five out of seven MS patients deteriorated while they were taking levamisole.