Prognostic value of programmed death-1, programmed death-ligand 1, programmed death-ligand 2 expression,and CD8(+) T cell density in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma

Background: Anti-programmed death-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immunotherapy has been proved to be effective on gastric cancer in ongoing clinical trials. However, the value of PD-L1 in predicting responses of patients with gastric cancer to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy is controversial. Some studies suggested that intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity of PD-L1 expression might explain the controversy. This study aimed to analyze the expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, and PD-1 as well as CD8(+) T-cell density in primary tumors and lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma to explore the heterogeneity of PD-1 signaling pathway molecules. Methods: In primary tumors and metastatic as well as non-metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma, we detected PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression with immunohistochemistry. CD8(+) T-cell density in primary tumors and PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells were detected with immunofluorescence. Uni-variate analysis was used to determine the prognostic values of them. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to identify independent risk factors that affect patients' overall survival and disease-free survival. Results: Among 119 eligible patients who had undergone surgical resection, the positive rate of PD-L1 was higher in metastatic lymph nodes than in primary tumors (45.4％ vs. 38.7％,P= 0.005); the positive rate of PD-1 on CD8(+) T cells was significantly higher in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes than in tumor-free lymph nodes (both P < 0.001). The intensity of PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors and in metastatic lymph nodes were stronger than that in tumor-free lymph nodes from the same patient. Beside, the positive rate of PD-L2 did not show any differences between primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes. In multivariate analysis, PD-L1 expression, PD-L2 expression, a low density of CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors, and PD-1 expression on CD8(+) T cells in primary tumors were associated with poor prognosis.Conclusion: The expression of PD-L1 is heterogeneous in primary tumors and in metastatic lymph nodes from patients with stage T1-4N+M0 gastric adenocarcinoma, which might explain the inconsistent results in assessing the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression in previous studies.     

Overexpression of Gli1 in cancer interstitial tissues predicts early relapse after radical operation of breast cancer

Objective:To investigate whether Gli1 expression is important in relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.Methods:Using immunohistochemistry,Gli1 expression was analyzed in human primary breast cancer(n=284) and paracancerous tissues(n=20),and also in local lymph nodes(n=28) and metastatic lymph nodes(n=28).Results:Initial analysis of Gli1 expression in a small cohort of 20 breast tumors and their paracancerous tissues showed a tendency towards Gli1 overexpression in breast cancer tissues(P<0.001).Further,Gli1 expression in 284 breast cancer tissue samples was analyzed and a significant correlation was found between increased expression of nuclear Gli1 and unfavorable recurrence-free survival(RFS)(P<0.05).The nuclear expression of Gli1 in metastatic lymph nodes following relapse after radical operation was much higher than that in the local lymph nodes of primary carcinoma(P<0.05).Most interestingly,the expression of Gli1 was much higher in the interstitial tissues of the relapsed group than of the non-relapsed group(P<0.001).Conclusions:Breast cancer shows a high prevalence of Gli1 expression,which is significantly correlated with aggressive features and unfavorable RFS.Nuclear Gli1 overexpression,especially in the interstitial tissues,signified early relapse after radical operation of breast cancer.     

Over-expression of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) associates with better prognosis of gastric cancer patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to detect metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1) expression in Chinese gastric cancer and analyze the relationship between MACC1 expression and postoperative survival. Methods: The expression of MACC1 and c-MET protein in a sample of 128 gastric cancer tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. A retrospective cohort study on the prognosis was carried out and data were collected from medical records. Results: The positive rate of MACC1 protein expression in gastric cancer was 47.66%, higher than that in adjacent noncancerous mucosa (P<0.001). MACC1 protein expression was not related to the clinicopathological variables involved. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the survival of MACC1 positive group tended to be better than that of MACC1 negative group, particularly in patients with stage III carcinoma (P=0.032). Cox regression analysis revealed that MACC1 protein over-expression in gastric cancer tended to be a protective factor with hazard ratio of 0.621 (P=0.057). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the positive rate of c-MET protein expression was much higher in cases with positive MACC1 expression in gastric cancer (P=0.002), but P53 expression was not associated with MACC1 expression. Conclusion: MACC1 over-expression implies better survival and may be an independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer in Chinese patients.     

细胞角蛋白20检测对判断大肠癌淋巴结微转移的临床意义

Objective To study the significance of cytokeratin 20(CK20)in micrometastasis of lymph node of colorectal cancer.Methods The 331 lymph nodes in 47 cases with colorectal cancer by radical resection were collected from 2000 to 2007 in our Hospital.They were carried out CK20 immunohistochemical staining to determine the existence of micrometastasis,and all patients were followed up.Results The tumor cells in lymph nodes of colorectal cancer were found by CK20 immunohistochemistry and routine hematoxylin-eosin staining separately,but the positive rate had significant difference(P＜0.01).By CK20 immunohistochemistry,the micrometastasis positive rate was found significantly different between the sentinel lymph nodes and all the lymph nodes (P＜0.05).3-year mortality for the patients with lymph node micrometastasis was significantly higher than those without lymph node micrometastasis (P＜0.05).Conclusion The lymph node micrometastasis was an independent risk factor of influencing the survival time of the colorectal cancer patients.Examining the expression of CK20 by immunohistochemistry is an effective way of detecting colorectal cancer lymph node micrometastasis.     

Prognostic value of p53 protein and MK-1 (a tumor-associated antigen) expression in gastric carcinoma

Background MK-1, the target molecule of FU-MK-1, is encoded by the GA733-2 gene, which is currently being used as a target in clinical trials for gastric, intestinal and biliary cancer treatment with monoclonal antibodies. Also of interest is p53, a protein that has been intensively investigated in relation to particular types of tumors, patterns of metastases, tumor stage, and prognosis. Methods The expression of p53 protein and MK-1 antigen was investigated in specimens from 42 patients with gastric carcinoma. The specimens were stained by the avidin-biotin peroxidase technique for immunohistochemical examination. Results MK-1 was positive in 21 (50%) of the 42 cases. MK-1 expression was more frequent in cardia tumors (71%), in large (>3 cm) tumors (60%–64%), and in specimens from patients with more than five metastatic lymph nodes (69%). p53 expression was present in 20 (48%) of the 42 cases. Of these 20 patients, 15 (52%) had tubular adenocarcinoma (TA) and 5 (38%) had signet ring cell carcinoma. p53 expression was more frequent in the tumors of male patients (55% vs 27%); in poorly differentiated TAs (60% vs 47% in well-to-moderately differentiated TAs); in smaller tumors (￡3 cm, 72% vs 43%–50% in larger tumors); in patients with a prominent inflammatory response (61% vs 21%; P < 0.02); and in patients with lymphatic vessel invasion (77% vs 34%; P < 0.02). However, p53 expression was less frequent in the presence of more than five metastatic lymph nodes (23% vs 60% for five or fewer nodes; P < 0.05). Most patients with p53- and MK-1-positive gastric carcinomas and those more than five metastatic lymph nodes had a poor prognosis. Conclusion The study found that the expression of both p53 and MK-1 was frequent in aggressive gastric carcinomas; however, extensive lymph node involvement (more than five nodes) was the only significant factor related to overall survival.     

非小细胞肺癌组织中DNA切除修复交叉互补基因1mRNA的表达及其对预后的影响

Objective To investigate the level of ERCC1 mRNA expression in non-small cell lung cancer and analyze the influencing factors of the survival of patients after operation. Methods The level of ERCC1 mRNA expression was quantified in sixty pairs of non-small cell lung cancer tissue and their matched normal lung tissues by real-time PCR assay. The survival of patients was analyzed by univariate Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Results The level of ERCC1 mRNA expression in cancer tissues ( -7.85 ±3.86) was significantly higher than that in matched normal ones ( - 11. 19 ±5.03;t=3.973, P=0.000). Up-regulation of ERCC1 mRNA was found in 43 of 60 (71.7% ) lung cancer tissues compared with that in the matched normal lung tissues (17 of 60, 28.3% ). The univariate survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed that the survival rate of patients with high ERCC1 mRNA expression was lower than that in the patients with low expression of ERCC1 mRNA (P=0.000). Patients with lymph node metastasis, smoking, cancer family history, or high pathological grade had significantly shorter survaival time than those without lymph node metastasis, smoking, cancer family history, or with low pathological grade. Cox regression survival analysis showed that the level of ERCC1 mRNA expression, lymph node metastasis, smoking, and pathological grade were significant independent factors affecting the survival rate. Conclusions Non-small cell lung cancer patients with up-regulated ERCC1 expression have a poor survival. The expression of ERCC1 mRNA, lymph node metastasis, pathological grade, cancer family history and smoking can be used as prognostic indicator of non-small cell lung cancer.     

Significance of the lymph nodes in the 7th station in rational dissection for metastasis of distal gastric cancer with different T categories

Objective： To determine the clinicopathological characteristics, and evaluate the appropriate extent of lymph node dissection in distal gastric cancer patients with comparable T category. Methods： A retrospective study was conducted on 570 distal gastric cancer patients, who underwent gastric resection with D2 nodal dissection, which was performed by the same surgical team from January 1997 to January 2011. We compared the differences in lymph node metastasis rates and metastatic lymph node ratios between different T categories. Additionally, we investigated the impact of lymph node metastasis in the 7th station on survival rate of distal gastric cancer patients with the same TNM staging. Results： Among the 570 patients, the overall lymph node metastasis rate of advanced distal gastric cancer was 78.1%, and the metastatic lymph node ratio was 27%. The lymph node metastasis rate in the 7th station was similar to that of perigastric lymph nodes. There was no statistical significance in patients with the same TNM stage （stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ）, irrespective of the metastatic status in the 7th station. Conclusions： Our results suggest that to a certain extent, it is reasonable to include lymph nodes in the 7th station in the D 1 lymph node dissection.     

血管内皮生长因子-D在胃癌中表达的意义

Objective： To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor D （VEGF-D） in gastric cancer and its relationship with lymph node metastasis. Methods： 100 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues （50 cases with lymph node metastasis, 50 cases negative） and 30 cases of normal gastric tissues were gathered to detect the expressions of VEGF-C and D proteins by immunohistochemistry. Results： VEGF-C and D were revealed in cytoplasm of gastric carcinoma tissues and normal gastric tissues. The positive rates of VEGF-C and D expressions were significantly higher in gastric cancer tissues than those in the normal ones （51%, 60% vs 10%, 20% respectively; both P 〈 0.05）. There were significant correlations between the positive expression of VEGF-D and lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, positive expression of VEG F-C, but not with tumour size, tissue differentiation, and venous invasion. Conclusion： The expression of VEGF-D is closely related to lymph node metastasis in gastric carcinoma.     

Prognostic value of the lymph node ratio in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer

The nodal stage of colorectal cancer is based on the number of positive nodes.It is inevitably affected by the number of removed lymph nodes,but lymph node ratio can be unaffected.We investigated the value of lymph node ratio in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer in this study.The clinicopathologic factors and follow-up data of 145 cases of stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer between January 1998 and December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.The Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were used to determine the correlation coefficient,the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival,and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for multivariate analysis in forward stepwise regression.We found that lymph node ratio was not correlated with the number of removed lymph nodes(r =-0.154,P = 0.065),but it was positively correlated with the number of positive lymph nodes(r = 0.739,P 0.001) and N stage(r = 0.695,P 0.001).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that tumor configuration,intestinal obstruction,serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) concentration,T stage,N stage,and lymph node ratio were associated with disease-free survival of patients with stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer(P 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that serum CEA concentration,T stage,and lymph node ratio were prognostic factors for disease-free survival(P 0.05),whereas N stage failed to achieve significance(P = 0.664).We confirmed that lymph node ratio was a prognostic factor in stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer and had a better prognostic value than did N stage.     

Influence of the Number of Lymph Nodes Examined on the Prognosis of Patients with Dukes＇ B and C Colorectal Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To analyze the influence of the number of lymph nodes examined on the prognosis of Dukes＇ B and C colorectal cancer patients. METHODS The relationship between the clinicopathologic features of 373 patients with Dukes＇ B and C colorectal cancer and number of the lymph nodes examined was retrospectively analyzed. The effect of the different number of nodes examined on the prognosis of the patients was appraised RESULTS The overall mean number of retrieved lymph nodes of the 373 patients with Dukes＇ B and C colorectal cancer was 13.71±9.38. The site and size of the tumor as well as the depth of tumor infiltration were the major reasons which influenced the number of lymph nodes retrieved. The mean number of lymph nodes examined in the colon-cancer patients was 17.51± 12.79, which was significantly more than the 11.09±6.17 （P = 0.000） examined in the rectal-cancer patients. The 5-year survival rate of the patients with Dukes＇ B large intestinal carcinoma, with fewer lymph nodes retrieved （0 to 10）, was only 60.4%, while those with more lymph node retrieved （≥10） had a 5-year survival of 77.5%. So there was a significant difference between the two groups. However the number of lymph nodes examined had no effect on prognosis of the patients with Dukes＇ C large intestinal carcinoma. Separate analysis of the colon and rectal cancers indicated that to improve the 5-year survival rate, the number of retrieved nodes in cases with rectal cancer should be at least 9, and with colon cancer cases at least 13. CONCLUSION In order to guarantee an accuracy of tumor staging for developing a possible postoperative treatment, at least 9 lymph nodes in rectal cancer patients or 13 in colon cancer patients should be harvested.     

CYP1A1和GSTM1基因多态性与内蒙古人群肺癌易感性的关系

背景与目的 肺癌是严重危害人类健康的恶性肿瘤之一，其发病与肺癌人群中某些肺癌相关基因的遗传多态性有关。本研究旨在探讨细胞色素P4501A1（CYP1A1）基因多态性和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶M1（GSTM1）基因多态性与内蒙古人群肺癌易感性的关系。方法 用PCR-RFLP技术分析了原发性肺癌组和住院对照组（各163例）的CYP1A1、GSTM1基因的多态性、基因型分布频率和交互作用。结果 CYP1A1突变型和GSTM1基因缺陷型EGSTM1（-）]频率分布分别为36．8％、65．0％（病例组）和19．0％、48．9％（对照组），二者经χ^2检验差异有显著性（χ^2=12．82，P=0．000；χ^2=9．78，P=0．002）。CYP1A1突变型患肺癌的风险显著增加（OR=2．48，95％CI为1．51～4．08）。GSTM1（-）者患肺癌的风险也显著增加（OR=2．03，95％CI为1．30～3．17）。基因突变的协同分析发现CYP1A1突变型／GSTM1（-）在肺癌组和对照组中的分布频率分别为28．8％和8．0％，二者经χ^2检验有显著性差异（χ^2=23．883，P=0．000）。CYP1A1突变型／GSTM1（-）患肺癌的风险显著增加（OR=4．90，95％CI为2．50～9．83）。无论是在肺癌组还是在对照组，CYP1A1突变型／GSTM1（-）和CYP1A1非突变型／GSTM1（-）在性别间分布频率的差异均无显著性（肺癌组χ^2=0．797，P=0．372；对照组χ^2=0．670，P=0．761）。吸烟与肺癌易感性的统计学分析，结果显示吸烟与肺癌易感性有关（χ^2=14．197，P=0．000），吸烟者患肺癌的风险显著增加（OR=2．33，95％CI为1.50～3．62）。CYP1A1突变型与吸烟关系的协同分析发现，携带CYP1A1突变型基因的吸烟者较携带CYP1A1突变型基因不吸烟者易患肺癌（OR=4．44，95％CI为2．40～8．32，χ^2=23．843，P=0．000）。GSTM1（-）与吸烟关系的协同分析中也发现，携带GSTM1（-）的吸烟者患肺癌的风险显著增加（OR=7．32，95％CI为3．39～15．50，χ^2=36．708，P=0．000）。结论 CYP1A1突变型和GSTM1（-）是内蒙古地区肺癌的易患因素，二者对肺癌的发生有协同作用，吸烟与肺癌的易感性也有关，CYP1A1突变型、GSTM1（-）与吸烟在肺癌的发生上也有相互促进作用。     

CYP1A1 (Ile462Val), CYP1B1 (Ala119Ser and Val432Leu), GSTM1 (null), and GSTT1 (null) Polymorphisms and Bladder Cancer Risk in a Turkish Population

We aimed to investigate bladder cancer risk with reference to polymorphic variants of cytochrome p450 (CYP)1A1, CYP1B1, glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, and GSTT1 genes in a case control study. Polymorphismswere examined in 114 bladder cancer patients and 114 age and sex-matched cancer-free subjects. Genotypes weredetermined using allele specific PCR for CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes, and by multiplex PCR and melting curveanalysis for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. Our results revealed a statistically significant increased bladder cancerrisk for GSTT1 null genotype carriers with an odds ratio of 3.06 (95% confidence interval=1.39-6.74, p=0.006).Differences of CYP1A1, CYP1B1 and GSTM1 genotype frequencies were not statistically significant betweenpatients and controls. However, the specific combination of GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and CYP1B1 codon 119risk allele carriers and specific combination of GSTM1 present, GSTT1 null, and CYP1B1 432 risk allele carriersexhibited increased cancer risk in the combined analysis. We did not observe any association between differentgenotype groups and prognostic tumor characteristics of bladder cancer. Our results indicate that inheritedabsence of GSTT1 gene may be associated with bladder cancer susceptibility, and specific combinations ofGSTM1, GSTT1 and CYP1B1 gene polymorphisms may modify bladder cancer risk in the Turkish population,without any association being observed for CYP1A1 gene polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.     

膀胱移行细胞癌组织Notch-1和Jagged-1蛋白表达临床意义的探讨

增高,Notch-1和Jagged-1蛋白的阳性表达率均增高,P<0.05.复发组Notch-1和Jagged-1蛋白的阳性表达率均高于未复发组,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.Notch-1和Jagged-1的表达强度之间呈明显正相关,r＝0.316,χ2＝5.200,P＝0.013.结论:Notch-1及其配体Jagged-1可能是判断膀胱癌生物学行为的重要指标.     

晚期非小细胞肺癌ERCC1和BRCA1的表达及与顺铂耐药性的临床研究

目的:探讨核苷酸切除修复交叉互补组1( excision repair cross complementation group 1,ERCC1)和乳腺癌易感基因(breast cancer susceptibility gene 1,BRCA1)在非小细胞肺癌( non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)中的表达及与顺铂耐药的关系.方法:应用免疫组织化学法检测81例NSCLC 患者标本ERCC1和BRCA1蛋白的表达,并与患者年龄、性别、组织病理学类型、临床分期、吸烟指数及含铂化疗方案疗效的关系进行分析.结果:ERCC1蛋白表达阳性率为35.80%,与患者的性别、年龄、临床分期及吸烟指数无关,ERCC1蛋白在腺癌中的表达高于鳞癌,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);ERCC1表达阳性组的化疗有效率(24.14%)低于阴性组(63.46%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);ERCC1表达阳性组的中位生存期(median survival time,MST)(12.1个月)低于阴性组(20.6个月),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).BRCA1蛋白表达阳性率为51.85%,与患者的性别、年龄、临床分期、组织学类型及吸烟指数无关;BRCA1表达阳性组化疗有效率(38.10%)低于阴性组(61.54%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);BRCA1表达阳性组的MST(15.2个月)与阴性组(16.7个月)比较无明显差异.结论:ERCC1和BRCA1蛋白表达检测可预测NSCLC患者对铂类化疗药物的敏感性,有助于临床上NSCLC个体化化疗方案的制定.     

CYP1A1、GSTM1基因多态性及其联合作用与食管癌的易感性

目的探讨CYP1A1、GSTM1基因多态性及其联合作用与新疆汉族人食管癌易感性的关系。方法采用聚合酶链式反应-连接酶检测反应分析方法检测107例食管癌患者和204例非食管癌患者的CYP1A1(rs1048943、rs4646421和rs4646903)和GSTM1(缺失型和rs2071487)的基因型。结果CYP1A1基因rs1048943位点的等位基因和基因型频率在病例组和对照组之间比较,总体分布差异有统计学意义(χ² =5.52,P=0.019)。与A/A基因型相比,GG+AG基因型可增加食管癌的发病风险(OR=1.79,OR95%CI:1.10~2.92);GSTM1基因缺失型和非缺失型在病例组和对照组中的分布频率分别为68.69%、31.31%和48.39%、51.61%,在两组间的分布差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.55,P=0.001;OR=2.34,OR95%CI:1.40~3.91)。结论CYP1A1基因rs1048943位点多态性和GSTM1基因缺失型与新疆地区汉族人食管癌易感性有相关性。     

端锚聚合酶1 在肿瘤演进及治疗领域研究进展

由于端粒酶是永生化细胞和绝大多数肿瘤细胞持续分裂增殖的必要条件，因此阻滞端粒酶表达及其活性成为肿瘤治疗的作用靶点，但研究证实仅阻滞端粒酶的活性还不能达到抗肿瘤的理想效果。近期研究发现了肿瘤端粒长度的正调控因子-Tankyrase 1（TANK 1），它与端粒延长的抑制因子—端粒结合蛋白Ⅰ（TRF 1）共同作用使端粒维持在一特定长度，保证了肿瘤细胞持续生长繁殖。TANK 1 的发现成为联系端粒酶与TRF 1 作用的桥梁，由于该酶是调控端粒复制中最为明确的一环，因此成为细胞癌变、肿瘤演进及癌症靶标治疗的新热点。现对TANK 1 作为分子靶器在肿瘤发生、演进中的作用机制及其在肿瘤治疗领域中的研究进展进行综述。      

细胞色素P450 2E1(CYP2E1)基因多态性与胃癌易感性的Meta分析

[目的]探讨细胞色素P4502E1(CYP2E1)基因多态性与胃癌易感性的关系。[方法]检索PubMed和CNKI数据库中有关CYP2E1基因多态性与胃癌易感性关联研究的文献,对入选文献以OR为效应指标,应用RevMan4.28软件包进行Meta分析。[结果]纳入11篇文献,共1352例胃癌病例和1866例对照;Meta分析结果显示,合并OR值为0.73(95%CI=0.60￣0.91),按人群分层后,中国人群合并OR值为0.54(95%CI=0.31￣0.94),其他人群合并OR值为0.83(95%CI=0.69￣1.01)。[结论]CYP2E1突变基因型(c1c2或c2c2)是胃癌的保护因素,但这一结果有待进一步严格设计的大样本病例对照或前瞻性研究予以验证。     

Genetic Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 Genes in Delhi and Comparison with other Indian and Global Populations

The glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the metabolism of many xenobiotics, including an arrayof environmental carcinogens, pollutants, and drugs. Genetic polymorphisms in these genes may lead to interindividualvariation in susceptibility to various diseases. In the present study, GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphismswere analysed using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 500 normal individuals from Delhi. The frequencyof individuals with GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were 168 (33.6%) and 62 (12.4%) respectively, and54(10.8%) were having homozygous null genotype for both the genes GSTM1 and GSTT1simultaneously. Thestudied population was compared with reported frequencies from other neighbouring state populations, aswell as with those from other ethnic groups; Europeans, Blacks, and Asians. The prevalence of homozygousnull GSTM1 genotype is significantly higher in Caucasians and Asians as compared to Indian population. Thefrequency of GSTT1 homozygous null genotypes is also significantly higher in blacks and Asians. We believethat due to large number of individuals in this study, our results are reliable estimates of the frequencies of theGSTM1, GSTT1 in Delhi. It would provide a basic database for future clinical and genetic studies pertaining tosusceptibility and inconsistency in the response and/or toxicity to drugs known to be the substrates for GSTs.     

VEGFR1和MDR1在胃癌中的表达及意义

目的:探讨VEGFR1和MDR1在胃癌中的表达及意义.方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测VEGFR1和MDR1在胃癌中的表达及与分化程度的关系;比较VEGFR1和MDR1在胃癌中的表达相关性.结果:VEGFR1在高、中、低度分化胃癌的表达率依次为15/53(28%)、19/43(44%)、37/54(68%); 在低分化胃癌组织中的表达明显高于高分化和中分化胃癌组织(P＜0.05).MDR1在高、中、低度分化胃癌的表达率依次为18/53(34%)、21/43(48%)、41/54(76%); 在低分化胃癌组织中的表达明显高于高分化和中分化胃癌组织 (P＜0.05).结论:VEGFR1和MDR1在胃癌中的表达具有一致性,可能在胃癌的多药耐药中扮演重要角色.     

葡萄糖转运蛋白1和磷脂结合蛋白-1在子宫内膜癌中的表达及意义

背景与目的:探讨葡萄糖转运蛋白1(GLUT1)和磷脂结合蛋白.1(Annexin-1)在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达情况及其与临床病理参数之间的关系.材料与方法:采用免疫组化S-P法检测65例子宫内膜癌、27例非典型增生和21例增生期子宫内膜组织中GLUT1和Annexin-1的表达.结果:在增生期子宫内膜、非典型增生、子宫内膜癌的GLUT1阳性表达率分别为28.6%、59.3%、81.5%,呈递增趋势,组间两两比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);Annexin-1阳性表达率分别为85.7%、55.6%、49.2%,呈下降趋势,其中子宫内膜癌与增生期子宫内膜比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).GLUT1高表达与子宫内膜癌的组织分级、肌层浸润深度有关(P<0.05),与病理分期、淋巴结是否转移、组织学类型无关(P>0.05);Annexin-1低表达与上述的临床病理参数皆无关(P>0.05).子官内膜癌中GLUT1与Annexin-1呈负性相关(r=-0.540,P=0.000).结论:Annexin-1低表达和GLUT1高表达可能对子宫内膜癌的发牛和发展具有促进作用,二者对子宫内膜癌早期诊断和预后预测有一定意义.