老年人急性白血病患者医院感染危险因素的Logistic回归模型分析

目的 探讨老年人急性白血病(AL)医院感染的特点,分析引起医院感染的危险因素,为医院感染防治措施的制定提供客观依据.方法 对1999年1月至2008年1月9年间住院的116例老年AL患者医院感染发生率、感染部位、致病菌和易感因素等进行回顾性分析,并与同期非老年人组进行比较.结果 老年人组116例中发生医院感染73例(62.9%),感染死亡38例(52.1%),明显高于同期非老年人组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).感染部位以口腔和呼吸道感染为主;多部位感染、重症感染高于非老年人组.致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主.多因素分析显示外周血中性粒细胞(ANC)绝对值、化疗周期、近期感染、治疗阶段、住院时间及住院季节是老年人AL医院感染的独立危险因素.结论 老年人AL医院感染发生率高,感染死亡率高,外周血ANC绝对值、化疗周期、近期感染、治疗阶段、住院天数及住院季节是独立危险因素.     

老年人急性白血病患者医院感染危险因素的Logistic回归模型分析

 目的　探讨老年人急性白血病（AL）医院感染的特点,分析引起医院感染的危险因素,为医院感染防治措施的制定提供客观依据。方法　对1999年1月至2008年1月9年间住院的116例老年AL患者医院感染发生率、感染部位、致病菌和易感因素等进行回顾性分析,并与同期非老年人组进行比较。结果　老年人组116例中发生医院感染73例（62.9 %）,感染死亡38例（52.1 %）,明显高于同期非老年人组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。感染部位以口腔和呼吸道感染为主;多部位感染、重症感染高于非老年人组。致病菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主。多因素分析显示外周血中性粒细胞（ANC）绝对值、化疗周期、近期感染、治疗阶段、住院时间及住院季节是老年人AL医院感染的独立危险因素。结论　老年人AL医院感染发生率高,感染死亡率高,外周血ANC绝对值、化疗周期、近期感染、治疗阶段、住院天数及住院季节是独立危险因素。     

急性白血病患者化疗后肠道感染临床分析

目的 分析急性白血病(AL)患者化疗后发生肠道感染的临床特征.方法 回顾性分析2014年1月至2016年4月收治的103例化疗后发生肠道感染AL患者的临床资料,分类变量组间比较采用χ2检验.结果 103例患者共进行364个周期化疗,其中59个化疗周期中发生66例次(18.13%)肠道感染,包括7例次在同一个疗程出现2次肠道感染.未完全缓解(CR)组肠道感染发生率27.48%(36/131),CR组9.87%(23/233),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).多个化疗周期中重复肠道感染发生率达46.67%.同一化疗周期,对于在化疗期间出现肠道感染的患者,化疗后再次肠道感染发生率为化疗期间未发生肠道感染者的3.7倍.初次诱导化疗的急性淋巴细胞白血病患者肠道感染发生率比急性髓系白血病高(P=0.019).中性粒细胞缺乏合并肠道感染发生率为9.89%(36/364),中性粒细胞计数>0.5×109/L时肠道感染发生率为8.24%(30/364),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).AL化疗后肠道感染患者部分发生急腹症,死亡率高.结论 AL患者在化疗期间及骨髓抑制期均会出现肠道感染,必须引起重视,减少血流感染及危险因素,及时干预.     

多发性骨髓瘤患者医院感染相关因素分析

目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤患者医院感染的临床特点及危险因素.方法：对2009年10月-2013年2月收治的328例多发性骨髓瘤患者医院感染的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果：328例患者中152例发生医院感染,感染率为46.3%,粒细胞缺乏组的医院感染率为91.3%,显著高于非粒细胞缺乏组（P＜0.01）.感染部位以下呼吸道、口腔、胃肠道和泌尿道等为主.致病菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌、革兰氏阳性球菌和真菌为主.MP方案化疗患者的感染率（23.9%）与VAD和BD组（68.5%和65.3%）相比有显著性差异（P＜0.01）.结论：多发性骨髓瘤患者医院感染的发生与粒细胞缺乏、化疗方案及住院时间等因素有关,应用全环境保护及粒细胞集落刺激因子可减少医院感染的发生.     

急性白血病患者化疗后血流感染的病原菌分布及不良事件发生的危险因素分析和预测模型构建

目的探讨急性白血病患者(AL)化疗后血流感染的病原菌分布情况、分析不良事件发生的危险因素, 并构建预测不良事件发生的列线图模型。方法回顾性分析吉林大学白求恩第一医院2018年1月至2020年12月收治的313例AL合并血流感染患者的临床资料。分析AL患者化疗后血流感染的发生率、病死率及病原菌分布特点;比较不同临床病理特征的患者发生不良事件(死亡或感染性休克)的情况。采用非条件logistic二元回归模型多因素分析筛选AL化疗后合并血流感染患者发生不良事件的独立危险因素;使用R软件, 建立预测不良事件发生的列线图模型;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验验证模型的预测效果。结果 313例AL患者中, 总病死率为4.2%(13/313), 血流感染全因病死率为3.5%(11/313)。313例中, 革兰阴性菌感染254例(81.1%), 主要为大肠埃希菌115例(45.3%)、肺炎克雷伯菌80例(31.5%)和铜绿假单胞菌29例(11.4%), 死亡10例(3.9%);革兰阳性球菌感染51例(16.3%), 主要为链球菌属22例(43.1%)、葡萄菌属20例(39.2%)、屎肠球菌7例(...     

恶性肿瘤化疗患者院内感染临床分析

目的 探讨恶性肿瘤患者发生医院感染的易患因素。方法 对143例恶性肿瘤患者发生院内感染进行回顾性分析。结果 院内感染率高达21．9％，感染部位以呼吸系统为主。长期住院、晚期患者、老年人、白细胞下降、化疗及各种介入性操作是医院感染的主要危险因素。结论 对白细胞减少者进行保护性隔离，合理使用抗生素，严格无菌操作及缩短住院时间。     

老年急性白血病患者院内感染特点及危险因素分析

 【摘要】　目的　探讨老年急性白血病（AL）患者院内感染特点并对其发生的危险因素进行分析。方法　选择2002年2月至2012年2月上海市杨浦区中心医院老年AL患者28例，收集临床资料，研究其院内感染特点及危险因素。结果　28例中 22例（78.57 %）发生院内感染， 老年AL患者感染发生率显著高于同一时段非老年患者[58.68 %（98／167）]（χ2＝4.008，P＝0.045）。最易发生院内感染的部位是呼吸系统[31.82 %（7／22）]，其次为口腔[ 18.18 %（4／22）] 。可能影响感染发生的危险因素有血清清蛋白水平（χ2＝4.182，P＝0.041）、中性粒细胞数（χ2＝11.387，P＜0.001）、住院天数（χ2＝10.044，P＝0.002）及预防性使用抗生素（χ2＝4.173，P＝0.041），其余因素差异无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论　老年AL患者院内感染发生率高，血清清蛋白水平、中性粒细胞数、住院时间与预防性使用抗生素是发生院内感染的危险因素。对老年AL患者应严格把握使用抗生素的指征，加强营养支持治疗，适当缩短住院时间，降低老年AL患者院内感染的发生率。     

肿瘤专科医院恶性肿瘤院内感染123例临床分析

目的探讨肿瘤专科医院化疗科恶性肿瘤患者院内感染的发生率、相关因素及防治对策。方法对2009年1月-2009年12月本院化疗科住院的3 316例患者中123例发生院内感染的恶性肿瘤患者的资料进行回顾性分析,包括感染部位、感染致病菌、患者年龄、肿瘤期别、住院时间等,并初步探讨院内感染的防治。结果本组院内感染率、病死率为3.8%、17.1%。感染与年龄、肿瘤期别、抗肿瘤治疗和侵袭性操作密切相关。感染主要部位是下呼吸道、泌尿道,分别占53.7%、16.3%。病原体阳性患者112例,共检出致病菌株127例,有9例为合并几种菌感染。感染主要菌种为革兰氏阴性菌占67株(52.8%),其中前3位是肺炎鲍曼不动杆菌18株(14.2%),克雷伯菌16株(12.6%),铜绿色假单胞菌14株(11.0%)。真菌36株(28.3%);革兰氏阳性菌24株(18.9%),主要是表皮葡萄球菌。结论恶性肿瘤患者院内感染常由条件致病菌引起,住院时间长、放化疗结合、老年及晚期肿瘤患者是院内感染的主要危险因素。降低院内感染,应采取综合措施。     

肺癌患者医院感染危险因素分析

目的:探讨肺癌患者医院感染的特点与危险因素及其对预后的影响。方法:回顾调查我院1 280例肺癌的患者临床资料,对医院感染各种危险因素分别进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:1 280例肺癌出院病例中,98例(7.7%)发生医院感染,感染部位依次为呼吸系(73.5%)、胃肠系(11.2%)和泌尿系(8.2%)等。医院感染的病原菌多为耐药的条件致病菌和真菌,以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占56.7%,真菌占23.0%。医院感染与年龄(P=0.033)、临床分期(P=0.001)、PS评分(P=0.015)、侵入性操作(P=0.000)、手术(P=0.029)、放疗(P=0.022)、化疗(P=0.001)、贫血(P=0.000)、中性粒细胞减少(P=0.000)、使用抗生素(P=0.035)、使用激素(P=0.000)、血清白蛋白降低(P=0.000)、合并糖尿病(P=0.019)以及住院时间(P=0.000)密切相关。Logistic多因素分析显示,临床分期(P=0.024)、PS评分(P=0.012)、侵入性操作(P=0.000)、化疗(P=0.000)、贫血(P=0.036)、中性粒细胞减少(P=0.001)和住院时间(P=0.000)是肺癌患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素。医院感染不但延长患者的住院时间,还增加患者的病死率。结论:肺癌患者是医院感染的高危人群,医院感染是多种因素共同作用的结果;控制感染的危险因素,规范抗肿瘤治疗,提高机体免疫力是防控肺癌患者医院感染的主要措施。     

消化道肿瘤患者化疗后骨髓抑制期感染特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨消化道肿瘤患者化疗后骨髓抑制期的感染部位和病原菌分布特点,并分析相关危险因素。方法选取2015年9月至2018年9月间湖北省黄冈市中心医院收治的的523例消化道肿瘤患者,按化疗后是否感染分为感染组67例和非感染组456例。观察感染组患者感染部位以及病原菌分布特点,并对两组患者进行单因素分析和多因素回归分析。结果 532例患者中发生感染的有67例,感染率为12. 8%,其中主要感染部位在呼吸系统、泌尿系统及皮肤和消化道。67例消化道肿瘤化疗后感染患者共检出病原菌46株,检出率为68. 7%,其中主要以革兰氏阴性菌为主,占比58. 7%,革兰氏阳性菌占比23. 9%,真菌占比17. 4%。革兰氏阴性菌以铜绿假单胞菌和肺炎克雷伯菌为主,革兰氏阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌为主,真菌以假丝酵母菌为主。年龄、并发症、不规范操作和血清白蛋白均是影响消化道肿瘤患者化疗后发生骨髓抑制期感染的相关因素,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。消化道肿瘤患者化疗后发生感染的独立危险因素为并发症、不规范操作和血清白蛋白含量低,差异均有统计学意义(均P <0. 05)。结论消化道肿瘤患者化疗后骨髓抑制期的主要感染部位为呼吸系统、泌尿系统及皮肤,病原菌主要以革兰氏阴性菌为主,且并发症、不规范操作和低血清白蛋白为独立危险因素。     

Comparison of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel and Cisplatin in elderly and non-elderly patients: why is toxicity increased in elderly patients?

PURPOSE: Following phase I studies of docetaxel and cisplatin in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, the recommended doses of docetaxel were different for elderly (> or = 75 years) and non-elderly (< 75 years) patients. To elucidate the mechanism of the difference, the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and cisplatin were investigated in two phase II studies separately conducted in elderly and non-elderly patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven elderly and 25 non-elderly patients were treated with three weekly administrations of docetaxel and cisplatin every 4 weeks. Doses of docetaxel were 20 and 35 mg/m(2) for elderly and non-elderly patients, respectively. All patients received 25 mg/m(2) of cisplatin. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of docetaxel and cisplatin were compared in elderly and non-elderly patients. RESULTS: There were no differences in pharmacokinetics of docetaxel or cisplatin between elderly versus non-elderly patients with regard to clearance and volume of distribution. In the pharmacodynamic analysis, neutropenia was positively correlated with the area under the concentration-time curve for docetaxel but not for cisplatin. In evaluating the relationship between neutropenia and the area under the concentration-time curve of docetaxel, elderly patients experienced greater neutropenia than those predicted by a pharmacodynamic model developed in non-elderly patients; the residual for prediction of the percent change in neutrophil count was -11.2% (95% CI, -21.8 to -0.5%). CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of docetaxel and unchanged cisplatin were not different between elderly and non-elderly patients. The elderly patients were more sensitive to docetaxel exposure than the non-elderly patients, resulting in the different recommended doses for the phase II studies.     

G-CSF-induced remission in two cases of acute myeloid leukemia

We report on two elderly patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who were treated in palliative intention because of comorbidities and intermediate or poor risk cytogenetics. Both received G-CSF to reduce the risk of infection related to neutropenia. Interestingly, one patient achieved a full hematological remission and the other a peripheral remission with dramatic reduction of the bone marrow blast count. Although a direct therapeutic effect of myeloid growth factors seems to be unusual in AML, the use of G-CSF or GM-CSF may be recommended in patients such as elderly patients who are not suited for intensive chemotherapy.     

A combined analysis of two pivotal randomized trials of a single dose of pegfilgrastim per chemotherapy cycle and daily Filgrastim in patients with stage II-IV breast cancer

This combined, retrospective analysis compared once-per-chemotherapy-cycle pegfilgrastim with daily Filgrastim in breast cancer patients undergoing myelosuppressive chemotherapy enrolled in two similarly designed, randomized, double-blind, pivotal trials. On day 2 of each chemotherapy cycle, a single subcutaneous (SC) injection of pegfilgrastim [either 6 mg (n=77) or 100 microg/kg (n=149)] was administered, or daily Filgrastim SC injections (5 microg/kg/day; n=222) were initiated and continued until either absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > or =10 x 10(9)/l after the expected nadir or for up to 14 days, whichever occurred first. Individually, each of these trials demonstrated that a single pegfilgrastim injection per cycle is as effective at reducing the duration of severe neutropenia as daily injections of Filgrastim. Clinical efficacy data from the two trials were combined for analysis (n=448). The risk of febrile neutropenia (FN; absolute neutrophil count <0.5 x 10(9)/l with fever > or =38.2 degrees C) was significantly lower [11% vs 19%, respectively; relative risk = 0.56 (95% confidence interval: 0.35, 0.89)] in patients receiving pegfilgrastim than for those receiving Filgrastim. Trends towards lower risks of hospitalization and intravenous anti-infective use were also observed. These observations were consistent irrespective of risk factors, including age, disease stage, performance status and prior treatment. Pegfilgrastim may offer patients more effective protection against neutropenic complications of chemotherapy with fewer injections and less disruption to their lives.     

Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

37 episodes of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed. 25 were associated with an identifiable source of infection: pneumonia (9), cellulitis (11), osteomyelitis (2), ear infection (2), urinary tract infection (1). The absolute neutrophil count was less than 1,000/mm3 at the onset of 29 episodes. 6 patients had a bacterial re-infection after the treatment for SAB was stopped. 5 patients had fungal infection discovered at autopsy. 7 patients died within 4 days of admission. Gram-negative superinfection occurred in 6 patients treated with multiple antibiotics whereas no patient among those treated with a single antibiotic developed superinfection. This was not a statistically different difference.     

Early chemosensitivity of normal hematopoietic cells and malignant lymphoblasts predicts relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

For the last 30 years, numerous clinical and biological pretreatment risk factors have been utilized for risk-based treatment assignment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, with improved chemotherapy regimens, many of these traditional prognostic factors have lost clinical significance. We aimed to improve relapse prediction in children with ALL through evaluation of the early chemosensitivity of normal and malignant cells and to determine the relationship between such chemosensitivity and risk of relapse. We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 60 children with newly diagnosed ALL of whom 40 patients were in complete remission for at least 4 years and 20 patients relapsed during or following treatment. Time to peripheral blood blast clearance (PBBC) was used as a measure of chemosensitivity of malignant lymphoblasts while end-of-induction complete blood count (CBC) parameters were used as a measure of chemosensitivity of normal hematopoietic cells. Our results showed that longer time to PBBC and lower end-of-induction total leukocyte count (TLC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) were significantly associated with increased risk of relapse. In conclusion, time to PBBC and end-of-induction TLC and ANC are important predictors of relapse and should be used to modify the intensity of chemotherapy at earlier time points during the course of treatment. A wider prospective, randomized, controlled trial is required to confirm our results.     

Early hospital discharge of children with cancer treated for fever and neutropenia: identification and management of the low-risk patient

Children with leukemia and solid tumors are often hospitalized for empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy because of fever during periods of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Conventional practice dictates that parenteral antibiotics be continued until the patient is afebrile and has recovered from neutropenia, ie, until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) exceeds 500 cells per cubic millimeter. However, the practice in our center has been to discontinue parenteral antibiotic therapy and discharge many such patients before resolution of neutropenia. Since the feasibility and safety of this approach has not been studied, we reviewed the records of 114 consecutive hospitalizations for fever and neutropenia in 61 patients during a 13-month period. Seventy-seven children (68%) were discharged to their homes while still neutropenic after they had been afebrile for 1 to 2 days on parenteral antibiotics, had negative blood cultures, appeared well, and usually had some evidence of bone marrow recovery. Five patients (4.4%) developed recurrent fever and required rehospitalization within 7 days of discharge. Only three of the 77 patients (3.9%) who were sent home with neutropenia had recurrent fever. Each had a brief and uneventful second hospitalization. Two of the 37 children discharged with an ANC over 500 cells per cubic millimeter required rehospitalization. A declining ANC and advanced malignancy were risk factors in predicting recurrence of fever following discharge. A rising monocyte count was a predictor of imminent recovery from neutropenia. These results suggest that "early" discharge of an afebrile yet still neutropenic patient is safe when the patient is in remission, has no evidence of serious infection, appears clinically stable, and has indications of bone marrow recovery. The conventional approach of routinely continuing the hospitalization until resolution of neutropenia may be unnecessary in such low-risk patients.     

影响老年急性髓系白血病患者预后的危险因素分析

目的 探讨影响老年急性髓系白血病患者预后的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析121例老年急性髓系白血病患者的临床资料.对比不同临床资料患者的完全缓解率和中位生存期.通过多因素Cox模型分析统计影响老年急性髓系白血病患者预后的危险因素.结果 本研究患者的中位生存期为131 d(95%可信区间109~154 d),诱导化疗后的完全缓解率为29.75%.年龄≤70岁、PS评分﹤2分、原发急性髓系白血病、骨髓原始细胞比例≤50%、接受标准化疗以及白细胞CD34表达阴性患者的完全缓解率升高(P﹤0.05);年龄≤70岁、PS评分﹤2分、原发急性髓系白血病、初治时的白细胞计数≤50×109/L、骨髓原始细胞比例≤50%、接受标准化疗以及白细胞CD34表达阴性患者的中位生存期延长(P﹤0.05);多因素Cox模型分析结果显示,年龄、PS评分、初治时白细胞计数以及治疗方案是影响老年急性髓系白血病患者预后的危险因素(P﹤0.05).结论 年龄、PS评分、初治时白细胞计数以及治疗方案是影响老年急性髓系白血病患者预后的危险因素.临床应通过整体评估,制定个体化的化疗方案,以改善患者的预后.     

异基因造血干细胞移植后白血病复发的危险因素

目的探讨异基因造血干细胞移植后白血病复发的危险因素。方法回顾性选择71例行异基因造血干细胞移植术的白血病患者,采用单因素、COX多因素回归法分析71例患者性别、年龄、疾病类型、诱导疗程数、初诊白细胞计数、巨细胞病毒感染、移植物来源、供受者HLA配型、急性移植后移植物抗宿主病、慢性移植后移植物抗宿主病与复发的相关性。结果71例患者中14例复发。单因素分析结果表明,初诊白细胞计数、诱导疗程数、移植物来源及慢性移植物抗宿主病史是异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的危险因素,P<0.05;Cox多因素回归分析结果表明,诱导疗程数多、无慢性移植物抗宿主病是异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的独立危险因素,P<0.05。结论无慢性移植物抗宿主病、诱导疗程数多是异基因造血干细胞移植后复发的危险因素。