神经原性膀胱膀胱扩大术后的长期尿动力学随访

神经原性膀胱患者保守治疗失败后，肠道膀胱扩大术是一种易被患者接受的术式，但是既往报道中没有长期随访的尿动力学结果。为此作者对此类患者进行了至少4年以上的随访。神经原性排尿功能障碍患者26例，或单纯行肠道膀胱扩大术．或同时进行不同类型的控尿及抗返流措施。临床随访内容包括尿失禁、用药情况、导尿日程表、后续干     

可控性回肠膀胱扩大术治疗儿童神经原性膀胱

目的 评价可控性回肠膀胱扩大术治疗儿童神经原性膀胱的疗效.方法 神经原性膀胱患儿18例,男10例,女8例,年龄5.5～1 6.0岁,平均9.6岁.临床表现为尿失禁,排泄性膀胱尿道造影显示合并＜Ⅲ度膀胱输尿管反流6例,＞Ⅲ度膀胱输尿管反流10例16侧.18例均采用可控性回肠全层膀胱扩大术,10例16侧同时行输尿管抗反流术,6例女童行膀胱颈悬吊,7例男童行膀胱颈紧缩,1例男童行尿道关闭.术后行间歇导尿,平均随访2.3年(6个月～4年).结果 18例患儿中尿失禁消失17例(94%),好转1例;膀胱容量由术前(1 56±85)ml增至术后(420±58)ml(P＜0.01),充盈末逼尿肌压力由术前(78±1 6)cm H 2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)降至(20±11)cm H2O(P＜0.01).导尿间隔时间平均5 h,2例需服用小剂量抗胆碱能药物.手术前后肠道功能无明显变化,无电解质紊乱及尿路结石.术后出现尿路感染症状2例、皮肤造瘘口狭窄1例、造瘘口黏膜外翻1例,无尿液外溢.结论可控性回肠全层膀胱扩大术可有效改善膀胱容量,降低膀胱内压,是治疗儿童神经原性膀胱的一种有效方法.     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱10例报告

目的探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的疗效。方法采用乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗10例神经原性低顺应性膀胱患者。男6例,女4例。年龄4～32岁,平均16岁。病程4～20年。其中脊髓栓系综合征8例,脊髓损伤2例。术前均未接受过骶神经根切断和膀胱手术。有膀胱输尿管返流者同时作返流侧输尿管膀胱再植术。术后不能自行排尿或剩余尿量>50 ml者辅以间歇性清洁导尿。结果术后随访11～57个月。术前漏尿者10例,术后仅3例仍有漏尿,但程度明显减轻。血肌酐(SCr)由(263.8±109.8)μmol/L降至(113.1±23.2)μmol/L(P< 0.01),膀胱容量由(61.9±37.7)ml增至(373.0±88.1)ml(P<0.01),储尿期最大逼尿肌压力由(54.2±44.8)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa)降至(17.7±10.6)cm H2O(P<0.01)。有膀胱输尿管返流者由9例17侧减少至1例1侧。需长期间歇性清洁导尿者4例,其中1例因未按时进行间歇性清洁导尿者导致代谢性酸中毒。按时间歇性清洁导尿后治愈。菌尿10例,其中1例需抗生素治疗。结论乙状结肠膀胱扩大术是治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的有效方法,能改善患者肾功能,提高患者生活质量。     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的疗效观察

目的探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的疗效。方法对9例（男7例,女2例）脊髓栓系所致神经原性低顺应性膀胱患者行乙状结肠膀胱扩大术及自家清洁间歇导尿。患者年龄（14．2±7．3）岁,术后平均随访（39．3±37．5）个月,随访评估项目包括B超、IVU、膀胱输尿管返流造影、尿动力学、实验室生化全项检查及生活质量评估。结果9例均获随访,均未见肾积水和生化全项异常。2例患者出现一侧轻度膀胱输尿管返流。尿动力学检查示平均膀胱容量（486．7±50．0）ml,充盈期末膀胱内平均压力（18．3±5．6）cm H2O（1 cm H2O=0．098 kPa）。9例患者均能掌握自家清洁间歇导尿术,不影响患者的生活和工作。患者顽固性便秘症状消失,7例男性患者勃起功能保留。结论乙状结肠膀胱扩大术能有效增加膀胱的安全容量,消除顽固性便秘及保留男性勃起功能,结合自家清洁间歇导尿可获得良好的生活质量,是治疗脊髓栓系所致神经原性低顺应性膀胱的良好选择。     

机器人辅助回肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性膀胱的初步经验

目的:探讨机器人辅助回肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经源性膀胱的可行性、安全性和临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2017年3月至2018年11月浙江省人民医院收治的12例神经源性膀胱患者的病例资料,男11例,女1例。平均年龄38(12~67)岁。12例术前均有尿失禁、排尿障碍以及膀胱安全容量减小、膀胱内压力增高导致输尿管反流等症状,病因...     

糖尿病神经原性膀胱

糖尿病神经原性膀胱是糖尿病的常见并发症之一，其发生与支配膀胱的神经病变逼尿肌病变密切相关，本文就其研究现状进行综述。     

小儿正常和神经原性膀胱括约肌功能障碍尿动力学研究进展

小儿神经原性膀胱括约肌功能障碍(Neuropathic bladder—sphicter dysfunction，NBSD)多见，仅脊髓脊膜膨出(MMC)所引起的NBSD发病率为0．1%～0．2%，14％MMC患儿在5岁前死亡，总病死率可达50％。小儿NBSD的病因、下尿路解剖和功能特点以及治疗原则多不同于成人NBSD，如：①小儿NBSD伴有脊柱发育畸形和脊髓发育障碍；②小儿膀胱括约肌功能障碍会随着时间发生变化，在两个不同类型障碍阶段间无显著的界限；③正常小儿出生后开始几年，随着年龄的增长和发育成熟，逼尿肌和括约肌功能也在发生持续的变化；④目前缺乏小儿正常尿动力学参数，影响其准确诊断和有效治疗，尤其是在较小年龄组。最近，婴幼儿和儿童尿动力学检查技术的进步，使得我们可以更加准确地评估小儿NBSD，为其提供更新的病理生理认识，从而进行更科学有效的治疗。     

乙状结肠肌瓣包膀胱术治疗神经原性膀胱

神经原性膀脱可引起膀航逼尿肌收缩无力，其后果可导致排尿困难、尿储留、肾功能不全而危及患者生命。我们自1992～1995年采用自行设计的乙状结肠肌瓣包膀优术治疗神经原性膀脱3例，取得了良好效果，现报告如下。1资料与方法1．目临床资料本组3例，男2例，女1例，年龄8～25岁。3例均以排尿困难或尿潴留、充盈性尿失禁、反复尿路感染、双肾积水及双输尿管扩张、便秘、贫血、消瘦为主要表现，其中1例有轻度肾功能损害。2例为隐性骶推裂，1例为囊性骶椎裂。残余尿800～1000ml。3例术前和术后作尿流动力学检查，显示膀优通尿肌无反射，尿道压力…     

乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的术后护理18例报告

目的探讨乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的术后护理。方法对18例行乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的患者。术后做好常规护理。同时切实做好引流管的护理,定期冲洗膀胱：加强术后并发症的护理与预防性健康指导。结果本组术后获得11～95个月随访,患者的膀胱容量增加、储尿期最大逼尿肌压力下降、肾功能改善。需长期间歇性清洁导尿者11例,其中1例因未按时导尿而发生代谢性酸中毒。经按时行间歇性清洁导尿后治愈。菌尿18例,其中1例因合并尿路感染需抗生素治疗。其余患者一般情况良好。结论对乙状结肠膀胱扩大术治疗神经原性低顺应性膀胱的患者术后采取有效的护理．可保证及促进患者早日康复,提高手术成功率。     

犬神经原性膀胱模型的建立及尿动力学评价

目的　建立犬神经原性膀胱模型 ,进行尿动力学评价。　方法　 8只雌性杂交犬 ,骶上组 4只在第 5～ 6腰椎间孔水平横断脊髓 ,骶下组 4只在此基础上完全破坏骶髓。尿动力学测定模型犬术前及术后 6个月的膀胱容量、逼尿肌压力、膀胱顺应性、尿道压力。　结果　模型犬术后一直存在尾部不能活动和不同程度湿臀的现象 ;弛缓性瘫痪的后肢术后 1周起逐渐恢复 ;下腹部膨胀症状的改善仅见于骶上型犬。骶上组犬术后膀胱容量、顺应性分别下降 37.3%、5 2 .1% ,逼尿肌压力、尿道压力分别增加 33.3%、17.3% ,与术前相比差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;骶下组犬的膀胱容量、顺应性分别上升 89.5 %、78.8% ,与术前和骶上组相比差异均有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　在症状及尿动力学方面 ,术后 6个月的犬骶上型和骶下型神经原性膀胱模型均符合脊髓损伤恢复期的膀胱表现 ,两模型适于进行神经原性膀胱的研究。     

电刺激治疗神经源性膀胱感觉功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察电刺激治疗神经源性膀胱感觉功能障碍的疗效。方法:在2009年3月~2010年10月收治的神经源性膀胱患者中,选取以膀胱感觉功能障碍为主诉、经查体和尿动力学检查证实存在膀胱感觉功能障碍的患者38例,其中18例接受电刺激治疗(治疗组),男11例,女7例,年龄23~50岁,平均31.4岁,完全性脊髓损伤患者10例,不完全性脊髓损伤患者8例,病程1~32个月,平均7.2个月;其余20例不接受电刺激治疗,为对照组,男15例,女5例,年龄21~48岁,平均28.6岁,完全性脊髓损伤患者13例,不完全性脊髓损伤患者7例,病程1~27个月,平均6.9个月。尿动力学检查:治疗组中10例膀胱感觉消失,8例膀胱感觉减弱;对照组中11例膀胱感觉消失,9例膀胱感觉减弱。两组年龄、性别、膀胱感觉障碍类型相匹配。治疗组除常规训练外,每天先后进行膀胱腔内电刺激和经皮膀胱电刺激各1次;对照组只进行常规膀胱训练,不行电刺激治疗,1个月后比较两组患者膀胱感觉变化情况。结果:治疗组11例膀胱感觉获得不同程度改善,7例膀胱感觉无变化;8例膀胱感觉减弱患者平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量治疗前分别为414±46ml、540±42ml,治疗后分别为255±41ml、420±82ml,治疗前后比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。对照组治疗前后膀胱感觉无明显变化,平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量治疗前分别为466±37ml、562±45ml,治疗后分别为421±21ml、598±47ml,治疗前后比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。治疗前平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量两组间比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后平均初始尿意膀胱容量和强烈尿意膀胱容量两组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:综合电刺激治疗能改善部分神经源性膀胱患者的膀胱感觉功能。     

Comparison of bladder autoaugmentation by transurethral vesicomyotomy and hydrodistention for ketamine cystitis

BackgroundTo illustrate the bladder autoaugmentation by transurethral vesicomyotomy (BATV) and compare the efficacy and safety of BATV to bladder hydrodistention (BH) for managing ketamine cystitis (KC).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data for 53 patients with KC who received surgical intervention between 2014 and 2019 at our hospital. Of these, 41 (77.4%) underwent BH and 12 (22.6%) were subjected to BATV, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. These groups were compared with reference to urodynamic parameters, subjective symptom scores as well as all complications.ResultsBoth groups were matched in age, addiction time, preoperative urodynamic parameters, postvoid residual urinary volume (PVR), and symptom scores. All urodynamic parameters including maximum cystometric capacity (MCC), maximum detrusor pressure (P_{det max}), compliance, maximum urinary flow rate (Q_max) and symptom scores had improved significantly in two groups whether at 3 or 12 months. Moreover, the MCC was significantly increased after BATV than BH, at a mean [standard deviation (SD)] of 281.0 (25.7) vs. 213.5 (35.6) mL (P<0.001) at 12-month follow-up. The Q_max and the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) symptom score were still noted better in the BATV group at 3 months after surgery. Additionally, patients in both groups had similarly low rates of complications.ConclusionsBATV is superior to BH with increased bladder capacity and urodynamic outcomes, although showing equivalent in symptom relief and a similar rate of complications.     

The effectiveness of ureteric reimplantation during bladder augmentation for high-grade vesicoureteric reflux in patients with neurogenic bladder: long-term outcome

Purpose

The outcome of ureteric reimplantation (UR) during bladder augmentation (BA) for high-grade vesicoureteric reflux (HVUR) in patients with neurogenic bladder was assessed to determine the effectiveness of UR. A literature review of HVUR and BA was also performed.

Methods

Twenty-two consecutive sigmoidocolocystoplasty patients were reviewed retrospectively; 10 had unilateral HVUR only, 3 had bilateral HVUR, and 9 had unilateral HVUR associated with low-grade VUR in the contralateral renal unit (RU). Preoperatively, VUR was grade V in 3 RU, grade IV in 22 RU, grade III in 5 RU, and grade II in 4 RU. Ureteric reimplantation was performed in the native bladder in 24 RU (16 patients) and in the colon cap in 10 RU (6 patients).

Results

Mean age at sigmoidocolocystoplasty/UR was 8.5 years (range, 2-15 years). Mean follow-up was 12.8 years (range, 2-22 years). Postoperatively, cystourethrography showed residual VUR (grade IV to grade III) in only 1 RU (3%); diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid scintigraphy showed no obstruction in all RU; ^99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid was improved in 13 RU, unchanged in 18 RU, and worsened in 3 RU; and serum creatinine remained normal in 20 patients and worsened in 2. Urinary tract infection, universal preoperatively, was seen postoperatively in only 2 patients. In the literature, 0% to 16.7% of HVUR persisted after BA alone, and no long-term data were available.

Conclusions

Ureteric reimplantation during BA is safe and effective for treating HVUR in patients with neurogenic bladder.     

Neuromodulation in neurogenic bladder

While neuromodulation is a well-established treatment option for patients with non-neurogenic overactive bladder and urinary retention, its applicability to the neurogenic bladder population has only recently been examined more in depth. In this article we will discuss the outcomes, contraindications, and special considerations of sacral and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.     

Aggressive bladder carcinoma in an HIV-positive man with tetraplegia and neurogenic bladder

Background/objective

Patients with neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury who are managed long term with an indwelling catheter are known to be at increased risk for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Immunosuppression is a known risk factor for malignancies that often are more aggressive than those seen in normal populations.

Method

Case report and discussion of management recommendations.

Results

We summarize the case of a 44-year-old HIV-positive C5–C6 incomplete tetraplegic male (date of injury 1980), who was diagnosed with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and succumbed to disease within 6 months of diagnosis. The patient was a non-smoker who was never managed with an indwelling catheter. There has been no such case reported in the literature.

Conclusions

HIV infection in the presence of a neurogenic bladder may carry an increased risk of aggressive bladder malignancy. More studies are warranted to determine whether routine annual screening with cystoscopy in all patients with HIV and neurogenic bladder is indicated.     

Parkinsonism and neurogenic bladder

Summary In a group of patients suffering from Parkinson's disease, beside neurogenic bladder dysfunction, we have also found dysfunction affecting the external sphincter musculature. Treatment with L-Dopa probably improves the urethral symptoms by providing a relaxing effect on the urethral closure pressure together with better coordination of the pelvic floor and external sphincter Mechanism during micturition. The effect was parallel to the improvement in Parkinsonion symptoms. Experimental studies demonstrate the ability of L-Dopa to reduce urethral closure pressure and this effect was related to a central effect on the skeletal musculature.     

Functional improvement in spinal cord injury-induced neurogenic bladder by bladder augmentation using bladder acellular matrix graft in the rat

Spinal cord injury (SCI) rostral to the lumbosacral level causes bladder hyperreflexia and detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD), which are accompanied by bladder hypertrophy. We hypothesize that bladder augmentation using a bladder acellular matrix graft (BAMG) can improve the function of SCI-mediated neurogenic bladder. In female rats (n = 35), SCI was induced by transection of the spinal cord at the lower thoracic level. Eight weeks following spinalization, bladder augmentation using BAMG was performed after hemicystectomy of the hypertrophic bladder. Cystometrography was performed at 8 weeks after spinalization and again at 8 weeks after augmentation. Several urodynamic parameters were measured and the grafted bladder was histologically evaluated. Thirty one rats were alive 8 weeks after spinalization. Twenty two (71%) rats developed hyperreflexic bladders and nine (29%) rats had underactive bladders before bladder augmentation. Twenty six rats survived until 8 weeks after augmentation. Urodynamic parameters showed improvement in some bladder functions in both hyperreflexic and underactive bladders after augmentation. In addition, bladder compliance was increased in hyperreflexic bladders and decreased in underactive bladders. Bladder augmentation decreased bladder capacity in high-capacity rats and increased it in low-capacity rats. Histological evaluation showed complete regeneration of BAMG in SCI-induced neurogenic bladder at 8 weeks after augmentation. This is the first report suggesting that the voiding function in SCI-induced neurogenic bladder can be improved by augmentation using BAMG. Improved voiding function was accompanied by histological regeneration of BAMG.     

The neurogenic bladder: medical treatment

Neurogenic bladder sphincter dysfunction (NBSD) can cause severe and irreversible renal damage and bladder-wall destruction years before incontinence becomes an issue. Therefore, the first step in adequate management is to recognize early the bladder at risk for upper- and lower-tract deterioration and to start adequate medical treatment proactively. Clean intermittent catheterization combined with anticholinergics (oral or intravesical) is the standard therapy for NBSD. Early institution of such treatment can prevent both renal damage and secondary bladder-wall changes, thereby potentially improving long-term outcomes. In children with severe side effects or with insufficient suppression of detrusor overactivity despite maximal dosage of oral oxybutynin, intravesical instillation is an effective alternative. Intravesical instillation eliminates systemic side effects by reducing the first-pass metabolism and, compared with oral oxybutynin, intravesical oxybutynin is a more potent and long-acting detrusor suppressor. There is growing evidence that with early adequate treatment, kidneys are saved and normal bladder growth can be achieved in children so they will no longer need surgical bladder augmentation to achieve safe urinary continence in adolescence and adulthood.