我国将做好尘肺病重点行业工伤保险有关工作

<正>《人力资源社会保障部国家卫生健康委关于做好尘肺病重点行业工伤保险有关工作的通知》(人社部发〔2019〕125号)(以下简称《通知》)于12月2日发布,以切实做好我国尘肺病重点行业和企业职工工伤保险权益保障工作,预防和减少尘肺病重点行业和企业职业伤害事故的发生,加强尘肺病工伤职工职业健康保护工作。《通知》指出,自2020年开始,将依据卫生健康系统粉尘危害基础数据库信息,在煤矿、非煤矿山、冶金、建材等尘肺病重点行业,开展为期三年的工伤保险扩面专项行动,原则上做到应保尽保。各地卫生健康部门要及时向人力资源社会保障部门提供粉尘危害基础数据库信息,特别是尘肺病重点行业的企业数、企业名称、地址、经营范围、法人代表、职工人数、职工个人身份信息及其工作岗位等信息的更新情况。各地人力资源社会保障部门要根据卫生健康部门粉尘危害基础数据库信息数据情况,有针对性地制定扩面专项行动工作计划,加大扩面工作实施力度,将尘肺病重点行业职工依法纳入工伤保险保障范围。     

我国职业病防治现状与对策分析

目的 综述我国职业病防治的现状,提出针对性对策建议。方法 以“职业病防治”、“职业卫生技术服务”“职业卫生检查”、“职业病诊断”、“工伤保险”、“职业卫生监督”作为CNKI数据库的检索词,检索参考文献15篇。结果 我国职业病防治立法及监管、职业卫生技术服务、职业健康检查和职业病诊断、以及工伤保险等存在诸多问题。结论 我国职业病防治现状不容乐观,需要采取适当措施提高职业病防治水平,保护劳动者健康。     

关于印发尘肺病防治攻坚行动方案的通知

<正>国卫职健发[2019]46号各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府,国务院各部委、各直属机构:为加强尘肺病预防控制和尘肺病患者救治救助工作,切实保障劳动者职业健康权益,国家卫生健康委等10部门联合制定了《尘肺病防治攻坚行动方案》。经国务院同意,现印发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。     

外来务工人员的职业卫生问题与对策

目的通过对外来务工人员职业卫生服务中存在主要问题分析,提出了改善外来务工人员职业卫生管理构建和谐社会的5项建议。发现职业卫生存在以下问题：①职业病呈现高发状态。②外来务工人员职业卫生知识知晓率低。③职业健康监护和职业卫生防护措施不到位。采取对策：①建立健全工伤保险制度,保障流动人口的公平享受合法权益;②加强各部门之间的协作,保障职业病诊断的顺利进行。③设立职业病基金,保障流动人口职业病待遇;④建立健全职业病防治体系,加强职业病防治队伍建设。⑤加强流动人口的职业健康教育,提高职业健康风险认知。     

北京市职业健康监管系统平台的设计与开发

为整合职业健康管理信息平台,构建多元化、多功能的职业健康监管系统,提高职业健康监管工作效率,运用现代化信息技术手段,在原有职业健康监护信息管理系统的基础上,升级实现与全市各职业健康检查机构体检管理系统、职业病危害申报系统、尘肺病康复管理系统和中国疾病预防控制信息系统“职业病与职业卫生信息”子系统无缝对接与资源共享。结果显示,职业健康监管系统可以满足职业健康监管机构、疾病预防控制机构、职业健康检查质控机构、职业健康检查机构、用人单位、尘肺病康复站等不同需求,具有积极的示范作用和广泛的社会推广价值。     

山西：医保目录将一药一码

山西省将开展“畅通医保”专项行动,推进医保“三个目录”统一编码应用和更新,从而解决参保人员异地就医后,费用垫付多、报销难、负担重及医保经办机构监管不到位等诸多问题,保障省内异地就医直接结算顺畅进行。     

我国尘肺病防治发展历程与展望

对我国尘肺病防治的发展历程进行了系统总结，重点回顾了我国建立的尘肺病防治法规体系、尘肺病以预防为主的策略和措施，以及开展的尘肺病治疗科技攻关实践，对我国在尘肺病防治方面开展的卓有成效的工作进行了展示。同时通过对客观数据的分析，反映我国目前尘肺病防治形势依然非常严峻，任重而道远。结合国家发布的《尘肺病防治攻坚行动方案》，展望我国尘肺病防治今后的工作和前景，认为通过全国统一行动，以及全社会的共同努力，一定会从根本上预防和减少新发尘肺病病人，实现全面建成小康社会的宏伟目标。     

天津市出台"职业病防治'十四五'规划"

根据天津市卫生健康委等17部门制定的《天津市职业病防治"十四五"规划》,天津市将强化政府、部门、用人单位、劳动者个人四方责任,全面提升职业健康工作质量和水平,稳步提升工伤保险参保人数,工作场所职业病危害因素监测合格率不低于85％,尘肺病患者集中的乡镇(社区)康复服务覆盖率不低于90％,职业卫生违法案件查处率达到100％...     

尘肺病防治攻坚行动方案之行动目标

<正>2019年7月,中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会、中华人民共和国民政部等10个部门联合印发的《尘肺病防治攻坚行动方案》制定了我国尘肺病防治的如下行动目标:到2020年底,摸清用人单位粉尘危害基本情况和报告职业性尘肺病患者健康状况。煤矿、非煤矿山、冶金、建材等尘肺病易发高发行业的粉尘危害专项治理工作取得明显成效,纳入治理范围的用人单位粉尘危害申报率达到95%以上,粉尘浓度定期检测率达到95%以上,接尘劳动者在岗期间职业健康检查率达到95%以上,主要负责人、职业健康管     

实施职业健康体检在尘肺病防治中的临床价值

目的 通过临床观察,探讨尘肺病防治中实施职业健康体检的临床价值。 方法 选择2010年3月-2014年2月进入某矿务局进行岗前体检以及工作一年后的工人,对其进行全面的职业健康体检。 结果 岗前体检发现正式入职前有尘肺病人员5例,占总人数的7.35%;入职一年后检出尘肺病的人数为3例,占总人数的4.76%。 结论 实施职业健康体检对于保障企业顺利运行以及正确掌握职工健康状况有着十分重要的意义。     

Salmonellas in pigs and animal feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark

A comparison has been made between the incidence of salmonellas in pigs and feeding stuffs in England and Wales and in Denmark. In Denmark there is veterinary legislation requiring the sterilization of imported and home produced feed ingredients of animal origin. There is no such legislation in England and Wales. In Denmark 0·3% of resterilized imported meat and bone meal was contaminated with salmonellas. This compared with 23% of meat and bone meal in England and Wales and 20-27% of other ingredients of animal origin. In England and Wales salmonellas were isolated from 7% of caecal samples and 6% of lymph node samples, while in Denmark they were isolated from 3% of caecal samples and 4% of lymph node samples. In England and Wales 25 serotypes were found in both pigs and feeds and these included nearly all the most prevalent human pathogens. In Denmark four of the six serotypes in pigs had been found in resterilized feed. One notable difference between the two studies was the very wide range of serotypes found in pigs in England and Wales and the narrow range in Denmark. A second was that Salmonella typhimurium formed 15% of all Salmonella strains isolated from pigs in England and Wales, and 60% of those in Denmark.     

Lunasin is prevalent in barley and is bioavailable and bioactive in in vivo and in vitro studies

Lunasin, a unique 43-amino acid peptide found in a number of seeds, has been shown to be chemopreventive in mammalian cells and in a skin cancer mouse model. To elucidate the role of cereals in cancer prevention, we report here the prevalence, bioavailability, and bioactivity of lunasin from barley. Lunasin is present in all cultivars of barley analyzed. The liver and kidney of rats fed with lunasin-enriched barley (LEB) show the presence of lunasin in Western blot. Lunasin extracted from the kidney and liver inhibits the activities of HATs (histone acetyl transferases), yGCN5 by 20% and 18% at 100 nM, and PCAF activity by 25% and 24% at 100 nM, confirming that the peptide is intact and bioactive. Purified barley lunasin localizes in the nuclei of NIH 3T3 cells. Barley lunasin added to NIH 3T3 cells in the presence of the chemical carcinogen MCA activates the expression of tumor suppressors p21 and p15 by 45% and 47%, decreases cyclin D1 by 98%, and inhibits Rb hyperphosphorylation by 45% compared with the MCA treatment alone. We conclude that lunasin is prevalent in barley, bioavailable, and bioactive and that consumption of barley could play an important role of cancer prevention in barley-consuming populations.     

Management of pregnancy and childbirth in England and Wales and in France

This paper reviews national data on obstetric and neonatal practices in England and Wales, and in France between 1970 and 1980. The data have been derived from national statistics and surveys on national samples of births in 1970, 1975 and 1980 in England and Wales, and 1972, 1976 and 1981 in France. The analysis shows that there was no major difference in pregnancy outcome, but wide variations in medical practices, and their trend over time. The main differences were: in England and Wales a higher number of antenatal visits, a higher percentage of inpatient admissions during pregnancy, a higher rate of induction, more episiotomies, a higher rate of resuscitation at birth, and admission to neonatal special care units; in France, a higher rate of caesarean sections before and during labour, some evidence of a more active management of labour, and a longer hospital post-natal stay. These differences in practice reflect differences in objectives and assessment of the effectiveness of care between the two countries: they point out the need for better monitoring and evaluation of obstetric and neonatal practices.     

Research and teaching in social and preventive medicine and in public health

Summary Both public health and social and preventive medicine are characterised by the common goal of promoting, maintaining and improving health and preventing disease, and both are concerned with a population-related, preventive and environmental perspective. But whereas public health is interdisciplinary and goes far beyond the medical focus, social and preventive medicine is medically based and forms a bridge between public health and medical practice. Research in a department of social and preventive medicine serves to support preventive and medico-social activities in medical practice as well as in public health. This is illustrated by results from research conducted at the author's department during the last twenty years. Examples are research in support of smoking cessation activities, and research used for the planning of care for the elderly. Both the research and the teaching activities of the department take into account the population focus of public health as well as the focus on individual medicine in clinical practice.

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Forschung und Lehre in Sozial-und Präventivmedizin und öffentlicher Gesundheit

Zusammenfassung Sowohl das Gebiet der öffentlichen Gesundheit als auch dasjenige der Sozial-und Präventivmedizin sind durch das Ziel der Förderung, Erhaltung und Verbesserung der Gesundheit sowie der Krankheitsvorbeugung gekennzeichnet, und beide beschäftigen sich mit einer bevölkerungsbezogenen, präventiven und umweltbezogenen Perspektive. Aber während die öffentliche Gesundheit stark interdisziplinär ist und weit über den medizinischen Fokus hinausreicht, ist die Sozial-und Präventivmedizin ein medizinisches Fach und stellt eine Brücke zwischen der öffentlichen Gesundheit und der ärztlichen Praxis dar. Die Forschung in einem Institut für Sozial-und Präventivmedizin dient der Förderung präventiver und sozialmedizinischer Tätigkeiten in der ärztlichen Praxis wie auch in der öffentlichen Gesundheit. Dies wird durch die Forschungstätigkeit des Instituts des Autors aus den letzten 20 Jahren illustriert, wobei Beispiele aus den Gebieten der Förderung der Raucherentwöhnung und der Betreuung behinderter Betagter dargestellt werden. Sowohl in den Forschungs-als auch in den Lehrtätigkeiten des Instituts finden der Bevölkerungsbezug der öffentlichen Gesundheit wie auch der individualmedizinische Ansatz der ärztlichen Praxis ihren Ausdruck.

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La recherche et l'ensignement en médecine sociale et préventive et en santé publique

Résumé La santé publique aussi bien que la médecine sociale et préventive sont caractérisées par le but commun de promouvoir, maintenir et améliorer l'état de santé et de prévenir les maladies, et elles s'orientent vers une perspective de population, de prévention et environnementale. Mais la santé publique est interdisciplinaire et va loin au-delà de la médecine, tandis que la médecine sociale et préventive est basée sur la médecine et représente le lien entre la santé publique et la pratique médicale. La recherche d'un institut de médecine sociale et préventive sert à appuyer les activités préventives et médico-sociales au cabinet médical aussi bien qu'en santé publique. Cela est illustré par des résultats de recherches conduites dans les vingt années passées à l'institut de l'auteur, et les exemples sont tirés de la recherche en appui de la promotion de la cessation de fumée et de la planification de la prise en charge des personnes âgées et handicapées. Les activités de recherche et de l'enseignement de l'institut tiennent compte de la perspective de population cacactéristique de la santé publique, aussi bien que de la dimension de médecine individuelle caractéristique de la pratique clinique.

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Paper presented at a symposium on The Public Health Perspective of Social and Preventive Medicine, in celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Berne, 25 June 1992 in Berne.     

Eggs enriched in omega-3 fatty acids and alterations in lipid concentrations in plasma and lipoproteins and in blood pressure

Effects of dietary eggs enriched with omega-3 fatty acids on lipid concentrations in plasma and lipoproteins and blood pressure were determined in 11 men and women in two groups. Group 1 consumed four omega-3 eggs per day during the first 4-wk period and four control eggs for the second 4-wk period. Group 2 ate the same number of eggs in the reverse order. Mean plasma cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by control eggs (P less than 0.01) but unchanged by omega-3 eggs. Mean plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased by omega-3 eggs but increased by control eggs. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lowered by omega-3 eggs in group 1 whereas only systolic pressure was significantly decreased on omega-3 eggs in group 2. The control eggs did not change blood pressure. In conclusion, the omega-3 eggs may be more healthful than the control eggs.     

Bacteriology and constitutional health--genomics and proteomics: concepts in medicine and concepts in health insurance in the past and future

Future discussions on health issues on the individual or society level will be fundamentally linked to genetic dispositions. This genetic world will become reality in the same way the world of hygiene and bacteriology has become real for everyone. Approaches of molecular medicine for public health issues have not yet been created so far. The secret dreams of molecular eugenics must be made public and critically discussed. Up to now only a few monogenetically recessive hereditary diseases can be detected by screening. This kind of screening should be carefully considered. However, for the sciences, for medicine and thus for the physicians in practice, for health care sciences as well as for public health care, new tasks will emerge from genetics and molecular medicine. In individual as well as public health these new tasks will at first mainly turn in on the sphere of diagnosis and specific screening as well as health education and consultation. With regard to the considerable social implications the public health care sector should be aware of the coming issues of molecular medicine in time.     

Prevalence and Trends in Overweight in Mexican-American Adults and Children

Overweight and obesity have been increasing in many countries. Our objective is to describe the trends in overweight and obesity occurring in the Mexican-American population in the United States. Data on measured height and weight for Mexican Americans come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982–84), the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–94), and NHANES 1999–2002. In 1999–2002, 73% of Mexican-American adults were overweight and 33% were obese. Obesity increased between NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2002, from 24% to 27% for men and from 35% to 38% for women. Increases were also seen for children and adolescents. The Mexican-American population in the United States, both children and adults, is showing trends in overweight and obesity over time that are similar to those seen in other segments of the U.S. population and indeed in many countries