结节性类天疱疮一例

患者,女,83岁。躯干、四肢反复出现丘疹、结节伴瘙痒2年。皮肤科查体：躯干、四肢见暗红色丘疹、结节,散在抓痕,局部结痂,未见水疱。组织病理示：表皮角化过度、角化不全,棘层增厚,真皮浅层血管少量淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。直接免疫荧光和间接免疫荧光均阴性。IIF:循环抗体IgG表皮侧阳性沉积。血清学检查示：抗BP230抗体：147.9 U/mL;抗BP180抗体>200 U/mL。诊断为结节性类天疱疮。给予泼尼松、盐酸多西环素、烟酰胺治疗,目前随访中。     

眼周局限性大疱性类天疱疮一例

患者,女,12岁.眼周反复红斑、水疱4个月,伴瘙痒.皮损组织病理示:表皮下水疱,真皮浅层淋巴细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、中性粒细胞等炎性细胞浸润.直接免疫荧光(DIF):表皮基底膜IgG、C3阳性线状沉积.ELISA检测:血清抗BP230抗体2.6 U/mL,抗BP180抗体阴性.诊断:局限性大疱性类天疱疮.予以甲泼尼龙、氨苯砜...     

盐裂间接免疫荧光技术在大疱性类天疱疮鉴别诊断中的应用研究

目的:探讨盐裂皮肤间接免疫荧光(IIF)技术在大疱性类天疱疮(BP)鉴别诊断中的作用.方法:应用盐裂IIF技术检测78例常规方法诊断为BP的患者血清.结果:43例血清IgG沉积于表皮侧,7例IgG沉积于双侧,11例IgG沉积于真皮侧,另有17例双侧均未见抗体沉积.结论:盐裂IIF仅能用于BP的初步鉴别诊断.     

寻常性银屑病合并结节性类天疱疮1例并文献复习

报告1例寻常性银屑病合并结节性类天疱疮。患者男，56岁，既往有银屑病病史8年。全身红斑、风团反复发作1年余，双上肢丘疹伴瘙痒1个月。皮肤科检查：头皮散在红斑，上覆鳞屑；背部及四肢散在红色斑块，边界清楚，上覆银白色鳞屑；躯干及四肢大片红斑、风团；头部、背部及四肢暗褐色丘疹、结节，未见水疱、大疱及脓疱。皮损组织病理检查：角化过度，角化不全，表皮不规则增生，表皮下可见裂隙，真皮浅层血管周围可见淋巴细胞及少量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。间接免疫荧光：IgG沉积于真表皮交界处。酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）：抗大疱性类天疱疮抗原1(BP230)抗体和抗大疱性类天疱疮抗原2(BP180)抗体阳性。诊断：寻常性银屑病合并结节性类天疱疮。     

增殖型类天疱疮一例

【摘要】 患者女,89岁,因腹股沟、外阴、臀间沟皮疹10个月、水疱3周就诊。皮肤科检查：腹股沟、外阴、臀间沟红白色增生性斑块,斑块部位散在绿豆至豌豆大小的糜烂面及水疱,右腋下及右小腿正常皮肤上散在数个类似水疱,部分破溃结痂。臀间沟皮损组织病理检查：棘层增生肥厚,无棘刺松解,部分区域可见表皮下裂隙和水疱,局灶性真皮浅层水肿,伴嗜酸性粒细胞浸润,真皮浅层血管周围可见淋巴细胞为主的浸润。直接免疫荧光：IgG、C3基底膜带线状沉积,IgM真皮簇状小体阳性,IgA阴性。盐裂皮肤间接免疫荧光：IgG、C3沉积在表皮侧。酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清抗体：BP180抗体26.92 U/ml、BP230抗体68.17 U/ml,桥粒芯蛋白1抗体、桥粒芯蛋白3抗体正常。诊断：增殖型类天疱疮。予口服甲泼尼龙,联合外用卤米松软膏及0.03%他克莫司软膏,皮疹逐渐消退。     

红皮病性大疱性类天疱疮1例

 患者女,78岁。因“躯干、四肢红斑、鳞屑伴瘙痒5年,加重3年余”入院,入院后1周大腿及腹部出现紧张性水疱。住院第6天、第9天血清抗BP180抗体均阳性,IgE>2 500 U/mL。皮损组织病理可见表皮下水疱,真皮浅层大量淋巴细胞为主的浸润。直接免疫荧光示:基底膜带IgG和C3线状沉积,IgA阴性。诊断：红皮病性大疱性类天疱疮。给予甲泼尼龙40 mg静脉滴注1天1次,治疗1周,病情好转出院。1年后随访,患者泼尼松片减量至15 mg口服1天1次,躯干四肢可见轻度红斑,无水疱、糜烂和瘙痒     

大疱性类天疱疮患者血清总IgE与血清自身抗体的关系

目的 分析大疱性类天疱疮患者血清总IgE与抗BP180IgG抗体、抗BP230IgG抗体、抗表皮基底膜IgG抗体滴度(即间接免疫荧光滴度)的关系.方法 收集沈阳市第七人民医院2014年1月-2020年1月大疱性类天疱疮病例,进行回顾性分析,根据抗BP180IgG抗体、抗BP230IgG抗体阳性情况将患者分组,比较组间血...     

汗疱疹样型类天疱疮1例

患者女,56岁,足部反复出现红斑水疱2个月,加重伴手部红斑水疱2周。组织病理示：皮肤组织角质层下可见水疱,棘层肥厚增生伴水肿,表皮下裂隙形成。直接免疫荧光示：基底膜带有C3呈线性沉积。血清抗BP180抗体：36.29 U/mL。诊断：汗疱疹样型类天疱疮(DP)。予泼尼松片、盐酸米诺环素胶囊、烟酰胺片联合卤米松乳膏治疗后皮损逐渐消退,随访1年未再复发。     

抗层黏连蛋白γ1类天疱疮一例研究

【摘要】 患者男,55岁。临床表现为四肢、躯干紧张性大疱,组织学表现为表皮下水疱,真皮浅层有淋巴细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等浸润,初步诊断为大疱性类天疱疮（BP）。在血清学分析中,发现该患者血清中自身抗体与盐裂皮肤真皮侧结合,且酶联免疫吸附法未检测到BP180、BP230、Ⅶ型胶原抗体,从而排除了大疱性类天疱疮、获得性大疱性表皮松解症的诊断。通过免疫印迹、免疫沉淀检测,发现该患者血清存在与真皮侧200 000蛋白结合的抗体,综合这些特点,诊断该患者为抗P200类天疱疮,即抗层黏连蛋白γ1类天疱疮。     

大疱性类天疱疮自身反应性IgG抗体亚型研究进展

大疱性类天疱疮（BP）是一种自身免疫性表皮下大疱性皮肤病,以c3和（或）IgG在基底膜带线状沉积为特征。研究提示,抗BP180IgG抗体通过激活补体,可能是诱发大疱形成的主要原因,而自身抗体结合的抗原表位多数包括BP180NC16A结构域。由于不同IgG抗体亚型含量以及激活补体的能力不同,其致病性也不同。免疫荧光和酶联免疫吸附试验提示,IgG1和IgG4为主要的自身反应抗体亚型。体外实验和动物模型均证实,IgG1为主要的致病抗体,其含量与BP的严重程度平行;IgG4具有较弱的活化炎症细胞的致病作用和封闭抗原表位的保护作用。最近的研究提示,抗BP180IgG抗体可以不依赖激活补体和炎症细胞这两种方式诱导表皮真皮分离。因而关于各IgG亚型的致病能力,特别是IgG4的作用现在仍然不清楚。     

Possible paraneoplastic syndrome case of bullous pemphigoid with immunoglobulin G anti‐BP180 C‐terminal domain antibodies associated with psoriasis and primary macroglobulinemia

A 61‐year‐old Japanese man developed bullous skin lesions during topical therapy for psoriasis vulgaris. Physical examination demonstrated numerous tense bullae and scaly erythemas on the trunk and extremities. Histopathology of the skin biopsy demonstrated subepidermal bullae and lymphocytic infiltration with eosinophils in the dermis. Direct immunofluorescence revealed linear deposits of immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA and C3 along the basement membrane zone. Indirect immunofluorescence of 1 mol/L NaCl‐split skin showed IgG reactivity with both epidermal and the dermal sides. IgM reactivity with both the epidermal and dermal sides was also detected. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays showed negative results for both BP180 and BP230. Immunoelectrophoresis of serum and bone marrow aspiration revealed underlying primary macroglobulinemia with M‐proteinemia of IgM‐κ type. Immunoblot analysis revealed IgG, but not IgM, antibodies to recombinant protein of BP180 C‐terminal domain. We diagnosed the present case as bullous pemphigoid with IgG anti‐BP180 C‐terminal domain autoantibodies associated with primary macroglobulinemia and psoriasis vulgaris. Systemic administration of prednisolone 30 mg/day resulted in dramatic improvement of both bullous and psoriatic skin lesions. When the bullous and psoriatic lesions relapsed, DRC chemotherapy (dexamethasone, rituximab and cyclophosphamide) for macroglobulinemia was performed. Then, the psoriatic lesions improved and the bullous lesions disappeared. We suggested that the present case may be paraneoplastic syndrome of bullous pemphigoid associated with primary macroglobulinemia and psoriasis vulgaris.     

Drug-induced bullous pemphigoid with dermal fluorescence on salt-split skin

The immunological features of drug-induced bullous pemphigoid appear to be similar to those of idiopathic bullous pemphigoid (BP), with presence of circulating and tissue-bound antibodies showing anti-basement membrane zone specificity. We describe a 28-year-old woman who developed a widespread blistering eruption with marked involvement of the mucous membranes shortly after commencing treatment with oral flucloxacillin. The eruption gradually cleared following drug withdrawal and treatment with oral corticosteroids. Indirect immunofluorescence showed circulating IgG anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibody and C3 which bound to the dermal aspect of salt-split skin, and direct immunofluorescence (IMF) of perilesional skin showed a linear band of C3 at the BMZ. Western immunoblotting of the patient's serum showed positive reactivity with a 180 kDa antigen in epidermal extracts and no reactivity with dermal extracts. The dermal-binding pattern on indirect IMF with salt-split skin only occurs in a minority of patients with BP and has not been described previously in a drug-induced case.     

The distribution of IgG subclass autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid analysed by immunofluorescence and immunoblotting

Summary The distribution of IgG subclasses in bullous pemphigoid (BP) autoantibodies in 14 BP sera and four biopsies was analysed by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunoblotting (IB). Three clones of monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to each IgG subclass were used. All 14 sera showed linear fluorescence in the basement membrane zone with IF, and 240 kDa and/or 180 kDa protein bands in human epidermal extract were detected by IB using a polyclonal antibody to total IgG. BP antibody in IgG₄ subclass was found to be predominant, as it was detected most frequently and intensively in all positive sera and lesions studied by both techniques. In the IgG₁ to IgG₃ subclasses, a range of proportions of positive sera was obtained among MoAbs to the same IgG subclass in both techniques. However, one MoAb could detect IgG₁ subclass BP antibody with a high frequency in both techniques. No difference in IgG subclass distribution of BP antibodies was observed during the course of the disease. In each serum, any IgG subclass of BP antibody recognized the identical BP antigen(s). These results suggest the predominance of IgG₄ subclass and the possible presence of IgG₁ subclass in BP antibodies.     

Subclass characteristics of IgG autoantibodies in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus

Immunoglobulin (Ig) G subclasses in anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) autoantibodies found in the sera of bullous pemphigoid (BP) and in anti-intercellular substance (ICS) autoantibodies of pemphigus were investigated using immunofluorescent (IF) staining. In BP, IgG4, IgG1, and IgG2 were detected in 13, 5 and 6 of 15 patients, respectively; IgG3 was not detected. In pemphigus, IgG4 was detected in all of 10 patients, IgG1 in 7, IgG2 in one, and IgG3 in one patient, respectively. In both BP and pemphigus, the most prominent subclass in intensity of IF staining was IgG4. Although one BP and one PV patient had only IgG4 autoantibodies, C3 deposition was detected. The quantification of IgG subclasses in the sera of the patients was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Serum levels of IgG4 in both BP and pemphigus were elevated approximately 3-fold over those in normal controls; those of whole IgG and IgG1-3 were not significantly elevated. Using direct IF staining, the deposition of C3 at the BMZ and at the ICS was demonstrated in 9 of 10 BP and in 3 of 8 pemphigus patients, respectively. The prominent IgG subclasses of anti-BMZ and anti-ICS antibody were IgG4, a noncomplement-fixing antibody, suggesting that the deposition of C3 in the lesional skin occurred via the alternative pathway, or that small amounts of IgG1-3 subclass autoantibodies activated the classical pathway.     

Childhood vulval pemphigoid: a clinical and immunopathological study of five patients

We describe five girls with vulval pemphigoid: two had bullous pemphigoid confined to the vulva and three had cicatricial pemphigoid. They demonstrate a spectrum of severity from localized disease to extensive vulval scarring necessitating long-term immunosuppressive therapy and surgical correction. The age at onset of their disease ranged between 6 and 13 years. All presented with vulval discomfort and erosions. Three had oral lesions, two perianal and one eye and cutaneous involvement. Two girls with only vulval lesions and one with vulval and oral lesions responded well to topical steroids. In two, systemic treatment with prednisolone and dapsone or azathioprine was required. The diagnosis was made on the basis of histology and immunofluorescence (IF). All had positive direct IF with IgG and C3. Indirect IF demonstrated circulating IgG binding to the basement membrane zone in four, with dermal or epidermal binding on salt-split skin substrate. Immunoblotting revealed antibodies to the BP230 and BP180 antigens. Immunoelectron microscopy in the child with dermal binding IgG and BP180 and BP230 on immunoblotting showed labelling at the lamina densa-lamina lucida interface adjacent to hemidesmosomes.     

The predominance of IgG4 in prodromal bullous pemphigoid

Background Prodromal bullous pemphigoid (PBP) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) demonstrate immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or C3 deposition at the basement membrane zone (BMZ) on direct immunofluorescence. BP‐180‐specific IgG1, IgG4, and IgE antibodies have been detected in BP. However, the distribution of IgG subclasses is unknown in PBP. Objectives We will describe the role of anti‐BMZ IgG subclasses in PBP and we will correlate these findings to better understand the pathogenesis of PBP. Methods Skin biopsies and serum samples were obtained from 45 patients who had PBP. The skin tissue was processed for direct immunofluorescence studies. Sera were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of circulating anti‐BMZ IgG antibodies (by standard IIF) and IgG subclasses antibodies (by sandwich double antibody immunofluorescence [SDAI]). Sera were also analyzed for antibodies against BP‐180 and BP‐230 antigens by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Thirty‐two patients (71%) had IgG and C3 staining at the BMZ, while 13 patients (29%) had isolated C3 staining at the BMZ on direct immunofluorescence. All patients demonstrated staining on the epidermal side of the salt‐split skin. Of the seven skin specimens that were available for C5‐9 SDAI testing, all were found to be positive along BMZ area. Standard IIF studies demonstrated the presence of circulating BMZ antibodies in 11 of the 30 patients (36.6%). When SDAI for IgG subclass differentiation was utilized, 17 of 30 (56.6%) patients were found to have circulating anti‐BMZ antibodies. All of these 17 patients had IgG4 subclass antibodies. Thirteen patients did not have detectable IgG subclass anti‐BMZ antibody on SDAI. Sixteen of 30 patients had detectable anti‐BP‐180 or anti‐BP‐230 antibodies, while 12 (40%) did not have detectable antibody against BP antigens on ELISA. Conclusions IgG4 is the initial and predominant anti‐BMZ antibody subclass detected in PBP. Demonstration of linear C5‐9 at the BMZ enhances the early diagnosis of PBP. Predominance of IgG4 and the initial presence of IgG4 on skin lesions as well as the presence of only IgG4 subclass anti‐BMZ antibody suggest that IgG4 subclass antibody could be the initial immunologic event encountered in patients with PBP.     

大疱性类天疱疮患者噬菌体抗体库的构建及抗BP180-NC16A抗体筛选

目的构建噬菌体抗体库并筛选抗BP180-NC16A抗体。方法以大疱性类天疱疮(BP)患者外周血淋巴细胞为基因来源,扩增多样性的轻链和重链Fd段基因,构建Fab段表面展示的噬菌体抗体库,用BP180分子的NC16A片段为抗原对抗体库进行筛选并对筛选得到的抗体用ELISA,W estern b lot和免疫荧光等方法进行鉴定。结果经过轻、重链基因的重组和转化,获得了库容为5×107的噬菌体抗体库。以BP180-NC16A抗原进行"亲和吸附—洗脱—扩增"淘筛,获得2株特异性抗体。结论利用噬菌体抗体库技术成功制备了抗BP180抗体,为深入研究BP自身抗体、探讨新的治疗策略奠定了基础。     

Bullous pemphigoid antigen II (BP180) and its soluble extracellular domains are major autoantigens in mucous membrane pemphigoid: the pathogenic relevance to HLA class II alleles and disease severity

BACKGROUND: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), a chronic autoimmune subepithelial blistering disease, is associated with circulating IgG and/or IgA autoantibodies against several basement membrane zone antigens. The heterogeneity of clinical presentation and diversity of target autoantigens have contributed to difficulties in characterizing this condition immunologically. OBJECTIVES: To analyse serum autoantibody profile and HLA class II alleles in MMP patients and to correlate this with the clinical presentation of disease. METHODS: Well-defined subgroups consisting of 124 patients with MMP were examined for IgG and IgA reactivity with immunoblotting using human epidermal, dermal and placental amnion proteins. The results were further analysed on the basis of detailed clinical (sites of involvement and disease severity) and immunopathological criteria (immunofluorescence study and HLA class II alleles). RESULTS: Immunoblot assay revealed that the majority of MMP patients had IgG (93 of 124, 75%) and/or IgA autoantibodies (63 of 124, 51%) to BP180 (including its soluble ectodomains, 120-kDa LAD-1 and 97-kDa LABD97 antigens). Other antigens targeted predominantly by IgG autoantibodies included: BP230 in 34 (27%), beta4 integrin in 26 (21%), and laminin 5 in three (2%). All the BP230+ sera and 23 (88%) beta4 integrin+ sera also reacted with at least one of the BP180 antigens. Over 85% of patients with reactivity to beta4 integrin had ocular involvement. In most cases of MMP, more severe clinical features were associated with antibody reactivity to multiple basement membrane zone antigens, as well as reactivity to multiple BP180 component antigens. Dual BP180/LAD-1 reactivity with IgG and IgA was associated with a more severe phenotype. In addition, the subset-dependent autoantibody reactivity correlated well with specific HLA class II alleles, DQB1*0301, DRB1*04 and DRB1*11. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirmed that BP180 is a major autoantigen targeted by the sera of patients with MMP. The disease-prevalent HLA class II alleles and humoral autoimmune response against the particular subsets of antigenic epitope(s) within BP180 ectodomain may contribute to the clinicopathological significance and disease severity of MMP.